Characteristics of the Submarine Topography and its Profile Type of the Coast of China

Based on the latest submarine topography data of the China 908 Project （China offshore marine environmental comprehensive investigation and assessment）,we analyzed the general China offshore submarine topographical characteristics and the factors influencing its development.The submarine topography off the coast of China follows the NW-SE trend of the land topography.The gradient of the submarine topography ranges from 0.2％ to 1.6％ with an average gradient of about 0.8％.The depth contours run mostly parallel to the coast,and extend out to sea in estuary areas.The submarine topography is dominated by the geological structure,which shows the typical characteristics of two uplifts and two subsidence events from north to south.The geological structure combined with the different sedimentary environments and complex hydrodynamic conditions produced topography that can be characterized by three types：sedimentary basins,compressionuplift,and transition form.In the sedimentary basin and compression-uplift regions,the topographical undulation is small,sediments are fine-grained,and the currents flow in a single direction,leading to bays with sedimentary plains and underwater accumulation slopes,which are of the same tectonic origin.Transition-type topography is characterized by strong undulations and mixed-size sediment particles,terraces and scarps inshore and shelf plains and erosion-deposition landforms offshore.This is a result of incomplete fault block development and repeated transgressions.In the deposition reformation regions （transition form type）,the topography has strong undulations,the sediments are coarse,tidal sand ridges are well-developed at terrigenoussupplied estuaries and convergence zones,and the Holocene sediments are thick,transformed by tides,river runoff,and currents.     

任意空间取向TI弹性张量解析表述

本文理论给出任意空间取向TI(ATI)四阶弹性张量的解析表述,其以VTI弹性常数及其简单组合为系数,包括各向同性项、TI对称轴方向矢量分量的二次项和四次项,其中TI对称轴方向矢量可以在固定坐标系定义, 也可以相对三维倾斜界面甚至相对波传播方向.相比四阶张量变换法和Bond变换法,ATI弹性张量能简洁而透明地为本构关系和波动方程提供四阶张量的所有元素. ATI弹性张量能为诸多方面的理论研究提供支撑.     

一种ENC数据在空间信息平台下的转换方法

通过解析电子航海图(electronic navigational chart,ENC)的数据空间组织结构与数据模型,提出一种利用数据存储方式建设ENC专题数据库的方法,这种存储方式解决了多物标类多属性的统一存储问题,简化了数据的存储结构.同时,基于设计的ENC数据解析与读取方法,结合ENC动态符号化技术,在空间信息平...     

扎塘赤泥库渗漏污染评价及治理研究

通过水文地质勘察,查清了扎塘赤泥库向牟老泉和百花湖方向的岩溶渗漏通道,根据弥散试验和长期水质监测资料,建立了水动力弥散叠加模型,进行了渗漏污染预测评价。对岩溶渗漏通道采取了垂直帷幕注浆、库内封堵落水洞、赤泥铺盖等综合防渗措施,历时10年,实现了在岩溶发育地区对高浓度碱水进行防渗治理的预定目标,杜绝了扎塘赤泥库废水外排,治理工程取得了显著的效果,保护了岩溶水资源环境。      

Modeling the dynamic process of tsunami earthquake by liquid-solid coupling model

Tsunami induced by earthquake is an interaction problem between liquid and solid.Shallow-water wave equation is often used to modeling the tsunami,and the boundary or initial condition of the problem is determined by the displacement or velocity field from the earthquake under sea floor,usually no interaction between them is consid-ered in pure liquid model.In this study,the potential flow theory and the finite element method with the interaction between liquid and solid are employed to model the dynamic processes of the earthquake and tsunami.For model-ing the earthquake,firstly the initial stress field to generate the earthquake is set up,and then the occurrence of the earthquake is simulated by suddenly reducing the elastic material parameters inside the earthquake fault.It is dif-ferent from seismic dislocation theory in which the relative slip on the fault is specified in advance.The modeling results reveal that P,SP and the surface wave can be found at the sea surface besides the tsunami wave.The surface wave arrives at the distance of 600 km from the epicenter earlier than the tsunami 48 minutes,and its maximum amplitude is 0.55 m,which is 2 times as large as that of the sea floor.Tsunami warning information can be taken from the surface wave on the sea surface,which is much earlier than that obtained from the seismograph stations on land.The tsunami speed on the open sea with 3 km depth is 175.8 m/s,which is a little greater than that pre-dicted by long wave theory,(gh)1/2=171.5 m,and its wavelength and amplitude in average are 32 km and 2 m,respectively.After the tsunami propagates to the continental shelf,its speed and wavelength is reduced,but its amplitude become greater,especially,it can elevate up to 10 m and run 55 m forward in vertical and horizontal directions at sea shore,respectively.The maximum vertical accelerations at the epicenter on the sea surface and on the earthquake fault are 5.9 m/s2 and 16.5 m/s2,respectively,the later is 2.8 times the former,and therefore,sea water is a good shock     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定地球化学样品中痕量银

本文采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银。选择硝酸镁和硫脲混合溶液为基体改进剂,银的灰化温度为800℃,研究了最佳的分析测定条件。该方法检出限为0．01μg／g。用该方法对国家地球化学标准样品的测定结果与标准值相符。     

遥感技术在地震研究中的应用进展

本文介绍了遥感技术在地震监测和研究中的应用和进展,分析了卫星热红外遥感、InSAR技术和气体遥感方法在地震前后地表热红外增温、形变和气体含量改变的研究现状,初步探讨了该方法的成因机制.本文同时分析了该技术在地震预报中存在的问题,提出了未来的研究重点.     

非饱和土的应力-含水率-应变关系试验研究

引入含水率,研究了非饱和土的强度和应力-含水率-应变关系。进行了非饱和土的强度和变形试验,模拟了实际工程施工期气压能够迅速消散而水压变化不大的特点;研究了强度随含水率的变化,建立了非饱和土总应力强度公式;研究含水率对非饱和土变形的影响,建立了引入含水率的实用非线性模型。算例分析表明了方法的合理性。引入工程中易确定的含水率,完全绕开了吸力,避免了吸力量测和计算的困难,为非饱和土理论成果难以实用化的问题提供了有效的解决途径。