节能住宅地震反应分析

为研究节能房屋的抗震能力,本文基于墙体试验研究成果,建立了墙体的恢复力模型及其抗震抗剪强度公式,并对内砖外加气混凝土砌块墙体节能房屋进行了地震反应分析.本项研究为节能住宅的推广应用提供了抗震设计依据.     

数字化地震波形资料的时频分析方法及应用

信号的时频分布具有比时间尺度分布更高的描述和刻画非稳态地震波信号的能力,进一步提高信号的时频聚集性和尽可能减小交叉项干扰是时频分析发展的方向。基于高阶矩时频分布理论,本首次提出了将其应用于数字化地震波形资料分析和处理的技术途径和方法。通过对仿真信号的Choi-Willams各阶矩时频分布与Wigner各阶矩时频分布的对比和交叉项干扰的理论分析,认为Choi-willams高阶矩时频分布具有时频聚集性高和交叉干扰项小的特点,在提高处理数字化地震波特性参数精度和地震应急技术系统的智能化程度等方面具有潜在应用前景。     

Attenuation Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motion for Large Volume Airgun

In order to further deepen the understanding of seismic wave propagation characteristics induced by the large volume airgun source, experimental data from multiple fixed excitation points in Fujian Province were used to obtain the equivalent single excitation high signal-to-noise ratio velocity and displacement records through linear stacking and simulation techniques. Then the peak displacements of different epicentral distances were used to calculate the equivalent magnitude of the airgun source excitation at different fixed excitation points so as to establish the attenuation relationship between equivalent magnitude,epicenter distance and velocity peak. Our results show that:① Within 270 km of epicentral distance,for the large-volume airgun's single shot,the peak velocity range is about 700-4 nm/s,and the peak displacement range is about 200. 0-0. 2 nm;② The equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 8,000 in 3 is 0. 181-0. 760,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0. 294-0. 832. By contrast,the equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 12,000 in 3 is 0. 533-0. 896,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0. 611-0. 946. The S-wave energy is greater than the P-wave energy, and the excitation efficiency varies greatly with different excitation environment;③ The peak velocity increases with the equivalent magnitude,and decreases with the epicentral distance. The vertical component of the P-wave peak velocity is the largest among those three components,while the S-wave has the smallest vertical component and similar horizontal components. Hence,our research can provide an important basis for the quantitative judgment of the seismic wave propagation distance using the airgun and the design of the observation system in deep exploration or monitoring with airgun.     

Application of Avaatech X-ray fluorescence core-scanning in Sr/Ca analysis of speleothems

Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this study, we measure the Sr abundance and the Sr/Ca ratios of three stalagmites(two aragonite stalagmites, one calcite stalagmite) using the state-of-the-art fourth-generation Avaatech high-resolution XRF core scanner. Through comparisons among different scan paths and among different scan resolutions, as well as comparisons with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), Itrax XRF, and Artax XRF results, we confirm that the Avaatech XRF core scanner could precisely, quickly, and nondestructively analyze the high-resolution Sr abundance of speleothems. Furthermore, we combine the stalagmite δ~(18)O records to explore the paleoclimatic significance of the measured stalagmite Sr/Ca.     

基于遗传优化神经网络的高速公路路基沉降量预测

控制路基沉降是公路工程中的一个关键技术问题,而路基沉降与其影响因素之间存在着线性、非线性关系。当输入自变量较多时,用传统神经网络建模容易出现过拟合现象,导致网络模型预测精度较低。针对此问题,本文用遗传算法对神经网络模型的权值和阈值进行优化,同时讨论遗传参数的设定对输出结果的影响。通过对成南高速的实测数据进行仿真,试验结果表明:优化后的BP神经网络具有较高的预测精度,预测效果明显优于传统神经网络模型的输出结果,该预测方法可作为高速公路路基长期沉降预测的一种有效辅助手段。     

新疆天山地区壳幔S波速度结构特征及变形分析

天山地区地质构造复杂,地震活动频繁,其壳幔变形和深部结构一直受到学者们的高度关注.然而,由于天山地区地震台站资料较少,致使壳幔变形研究结果与解释存在诸多争议.本研究利用在天山地区（40°N-46°N,78°E-92°E）新布设的11个流动宽频带地震台站和该地区39个固定台站的观测资料,采用接收函数与面波联合反演方法,获得了研究区地壳厚度及壳幔S波速度结构.反演结果显示天山地区（41.5°N-44°N,78°E-88°E）平均地壳厚度为56 km,塔里木盆地（40°N-41.5°N,79°E-90°E）、准噶尔盆地（44°N-46°N,82°E-90°E）和吐鲁番盆地（42°N-43°N,88°E-90°E）具有较厚的沉积层,地壳平均厚度为43 km、53 km和46 km,整体表现为天山厚、盆地相对较薄的特征;在研究区南天山的最高峰（42°N,80.5°E）及北天山的最高峰（43.5°N,86°E）附近,中下地壳存在较厚的低速层,我们认为在强烈挤压作用下低速、低强度的中下地壳强烈变形可能是导致该区域快速隆升的主要原因.在研究区中部,位于塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地之间的天山地区,中下地壳及上地幔均存在低速层,且盆地莫霍面向天山倾斜明显.结合前人的研究成果推测,在南北向构造挤压应力作用下,塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地发生了向天山造山带方向的双向壳幔层间插入俯冲.在研究区东部,塔里木盆地东北缘与天山东部接触带的地壳内没有明显的低速层,推测应处在早期挤压变形状态,该区域的壳幔边界为缓变的速度梯度带,可能与上地幔热物质侵入或渗透有关.

     

Some Thoughts on the Earthquake Science Experimental Site——The Underground Cloud Map

The Western Yunnan Earthquake Predication Test Site set up jointly by the China Earthquake Administration, the National Science Foundation Commission of America, and United States Geological Survey has played an important role in development of early earthquake research work in China. Due to various objective reasons, most of the predicted targets in the earthquake prediction test site have not been achieved, and the development has been hindered. In recent years, the experiment site has been reconsidered, and renamed the “Earthquake Science Experimental Site”. Combined with the current development of seismology and the practical needs of disaster prevention and mitigation, we propose adding the “Underground Cloud Map” as the new direction of the experimental site. Using highly repeatable, environmentally friendly and safe airgun sources, we could send constant seismic signals, which realizes continuous monitoring of subsurface velocity changes. Utilizing the high-resolution 3-D crustal structure from ambient noise tomography, we could obtain 4-D (3-D space + 1-D time) images of subsurface structures, which we termed the “Underground Cloud Map”. The “Underground Cloud Map” can reflect underground velocity and stress changes, providing new means for the earthquake monitoring forecast nationwide, which promotes the conversion of experience-based earthquake prediction to physics-based prediction.     

Experiments on Exploration of Shallow Fine Structures and the Construction of the 1-D Velocity Model in the Pingtan Island, Fujian

112 short-period seismographs were set up in the 400km² area of Pingtan Island and its surrounding areas in Fujian. The combined observations of the airgun source and ambient noise source were carried out using a dense array to receive the 387 airgun signals excited around the island and one month of continuous ambient noise recording. The 1-D P-wave and S-wave shallow velocity model of Pingtan Island is obtained by the inversion of the airgun body wave''s first arrival time data, and the reliability of the velocity model is verified by using the surface wave phase velocity dispersion curve, which can provide initial model for subsequent 3-D imaging. The experimental results show that this experiment is a successful demonstration of local scale green non-destructive detection, which can provide basic data for shallow surface structure research and strong vibration simulation of the Pingtan Island.     

常规定量CT鉴别尿路结石成分的研究

目的：探讨螺旋CT各参数鉴别尿路结石成分的价值。方法：收集2016年5月至2018年3月我院112例尿路结石患者的术前CT图像资料,测量尿路结石直径（d）、平均CT值（HUm）及CT值标准差（HUsd）,并计算平均CT值/直径的比值（HUd）,再以术后红外线光谱结果为参照标准,比较各类结石成分d、HUm、HUsd及HUd的差异,并运用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评价其鉴别结石成分的效能。结果：尿酸结石21例、一水草酸钙结石49例、碳酸磷灰石10例和混合结石27例,尿酸结石的HUm、HUsd及HUd值均明显低于其他类型结石;尿酸结石与非尿酸结石（一水草酸钙结石、碳酸磷灰石、混合结石）之间的HUm、HUsd及HUd值差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;非尿酸结石之间的HUm、HUsd及HUd值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;各类结石的d值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;d、HUm、HUsd及HUd鉴别尿酸结石的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.444、0.915、0.972及0.858。结论：螺旋CT的HUm、HUsd及HUd值均能鉴别尿酸结石和非尿酸结石,其中以HUsd的鉴别效能最佳,但不能区分各类型非尿酸结石。     

2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震前热红外异常分析

应用中国静止气象卫星FY-2E红外遥感资料对2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震前的热红外异常信息进行研究,结果表明：由地震黑体辐射热异常时空演化图分析知,中强地震前,往往会有较大范围的热异常演变,热异常大面积沿断层分布,震中位置往往位于边界或热异常变化最大处.对比实时的长波辐射涡度场变化,能更好的对应未来地震的发震区域,涡度异常经常分布在震中边界.