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181.
MUHAMMAD SHARAF GARY ARROY RON PERKINS Spectra-Physics Inc. North First Street San Jose CA U.S.A. 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(3)
Ratio measurements are commonly used to address a variety of analytical problems in environmental,forensic and pharmaceutical laboratories.In absorbance ratioing techniques,analytical chemists rely onthe spectral features of the analyte(s)of interest.The absorbances at two wavelengths are monitored andthe ratio of these two absorbances is computed.This ratio is then used to confirm the identity of theanalyte(s)of interest,the purity of a product or the overlap of chromatographic peaks.These decisionsoften have far-reaching consequences(e.g.the identification of the source,biogenic or petrogenic,ofhydrocarbons in biological tissues or water).Given the cost and the liabilities associated with suchdecisions,it is unfortunate that these ratios are seldom reported with any statistical confidence.Thepurpose of this study is to delineate the parameters that affect absorbance ratio measurements.Themodels that can be used to estimate the statistical confidence in these measurements are derived andevaluated experimentally.The results show that these models can estimate the relative standard deviationsin absorbance ratios accurately.They can also estimate the effect of signal-to-noise ratio and the choiceof wavelengths on the precision of absorbance ratios. 相似文献
182.
New U-Pb geochronology constrains the timing of the Acadian orogeny in the Central Maine Terrane of northern New Hampshire. Sixteen fractions of one to six grains each of zircon or monazite have been analyzed from six samples: (1) an early syntectonic diorite that records the onset of the Acadian; (2) a schist, a migmatite, and two granites that together record the peak of the Acadian; and (3) a postkinematic pluton that records the end of the Acadian. Zircon from the syntectonic Wamsutta Diorite gives a 207Pb/206Pb age of circa 408 Ma, the time at which the boundary between the deforming orogenic wedge and the foreland basin was in the vicinity of the Presidential Range. This age agrees well with the Emsian position of the northwest migrating Acadian orogenic front and records the beginning of the Acadian in this part of the Central Maine Terrane. We propose a possible Acadian tectonic model that incorporates the geochronologic, structural, and stratigraphic data. Monazite from the schist, migmatite, Bigelow Lawn Granite, and Slide Peak Granite gives 207Pb/206U ages, suggesting the peak of Acadian metamorphism and intrusion of two-mica granites occurred at circa 402-405 Ma, the main pulse of Acadian orogenesis. Previously reported monazite ages from schists that likely record the peak metamorphism in the Central Maine Terrane of New Hampshire and western Maine range from circa 406-384 Ma, with younger ages in southeastern New Hampshire and progressively older ages to the west, north, and northeast. Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range had ended by circa 355 Ma, the 207Pb/235U age of monazite from the Peabody River Granite. From 408 to perhaps at least 394 Ma, Acadian orogenesis in the Presidential Range was typical of the tectonic style, dominated by synkinematic metamorphism, seen in central and southern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. From no earlier than 394 Ma to as late as 355 Ma, the orogenesis was typical of the style in parts of Maine dominated by postkinematic metamorphism. 相似文献
183.
Escanaba Trough is the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge and is filled by sandy turbidites locally exceeding 500 m in thickness. New results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1037 and 1038 that include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates and revised petrographic evaluation of the sediment provenance, combined with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, provide a lithostratigraphic framework for the turbidite deposits. Three fining-upward units of sandy turbidites from the upper 365 m at ODP Site 1037 can be correlated with sediment recovered at ODP Site 1038 and Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Site 35. Six AMS 14C ages in the upper 317 m of the sequence at Site 1037 indicate that average deposition rates exceeded 10 m/k.yr. between 32 and 11 ka, with nearly instantaneous deposition of one approximately 60-m interval of sand. Petrography of the sand beds is consistent with a Columbia River source for the entire sedimentary sequence in Escanaba Trough. High-resolution acoustic stratigraphy shows that the turbidites in the upper 60 m at Site 1037 provide a characteristic sequence of key reflectors that occurs across the floor of the entire Escanaba Trough. Recent mapping of turbidite systems in the northeast Pacific Ocean suggests that the turbidity currents reached the Escanaba Trough along an 1100-km-long pathway from the Columbia River to the west flank of the Gorda Ridge. The age of the upper fining-upward unit of sandy turbidites appears to correspond to the latest Wisconsinan outburst of glacial Lake Missoula. Many of the outbursts, or j?kulhlaups, from the glacial lakes probably continued flowing as hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents on entering the sea at the mouth of the Columbia River. 相似文献
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185.
LARGE-SCALE STRAIN PATTERNS,GREAT EARTHQUAKE BREAKS,AND LATE PLEISTOCENE SLIP-RATE ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT (CHINA) 相似文献
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187.
隧道穿越岩溶区施工中,既有隐伏溶洞因其具有的隐蔽洞使得在工程上不能事先采取安全措施,易遭受猝不及防的破坏,给隧道施工和运行造成了很大的安全隐患,危害性较大。针对隧道穿越岩溶区大部分常见中、小尺度既有隐伏溶洞引起的岩溶隧道稳定性问题,采用数值试验方法,系统分析了隧道顶部不同尺度和距隧道不同距离的既有隐伏溶洞对圆形隧道围岩应力、位移和支护结构内力的影响,分析了隧道顶部既有隐伏溶洞引起的隧道围岩塑性区的变化特征。在数值试验基础上,对顶部隐伏溶洞引起的隧道位移变化规律内在机制进行分析。研究表明,一定范围内的大尺度既有顶部隐伏溶洞将引起隧道位移的增加和隧道围岩拉应力的增加。研究结果可为岩溶区隧道建设提供必要的技术支持,对岩溶区隧道设计与施工的科学化、定量化具有直接的推动意义。 相似文献
188.
共面非贯通裂隙的贯通机制对于确定外载下岩质边坡的滑动面位置及滑动面综合抗剪强度至关重要。采用预制共面非贯通裂隙石膏模型试样单轴静动载对比试验,对不同裂隙倾角共面排列裂隙的扩展、贯通过程进行了观测,研究显示:共面非贯通裂隙不同倾角下的贯通模式存在较大差异,裂隙倾角为0o~35o时以裂隙面发生闭合变形为主;45o~65o时裂隙间较易出现剪切型破坏模式;75o~90o预制裂隙面较难产生滑动,裂隙试样主要产生劈裂形式的破坏。动载下预制裂隙试样裂尖翼裂纹及次生共面裂纹起裂后易朝原起裂方向快速发展;易在两预制裂隙内端部产生直接贯通,这与静载下岩桥处的贯通常通过分支裂纹拐折扩展、相连不同。含共面非贯通裂隙试样在裂隙倾角为35o左右时强度呈现最小值,这与贯通性裂隙试样裂隙倾角为60o左右呈现最小值相差较大,这是因为裂隙面摩擦强度没来得及发挥作用所致。因此,含非贯通节理裂隙岩体的综合抗剪强度公式应引入强度发挥系数,以充分考虑岩桥胶结强度与裂隙面摩擦强度不能同步发挥作用的破坏本质。 相似文献
189.
190.
基于2012年7月对东海的调查,剖析了其水体中各形态碳(pCO2、DIC、DOC、POC)的区域分布特征,估算了海-气界面CO2的交换通量(FCO2),探讨了影响其交换的主要因素,在此基础上,结合历史资料初步分析了近十几年来该海域海-气界面CO2交换通量的变化趋势。结果表明,2012年7月长江口邻近海域相对南部陆架区具有较低的DIC浓度,而DOC与POC的浓度相对较高。调查区域表层水pCO2变化范围为96.28~577.7μatm(1atm为101 325Pa),平均值为297.6μatm,低值区出现在长江冲淡水区(30°~33°N,123°~125°E),高值区主要分布在东海陆架的南部区域。表层水pCO2主要受控于长江冲淡水的输入和混合(盐度)、台湾暖流以及生物生产等。调查海域2012年7月海-气FCO2平均为(-6.410±7.486)mmol/(m2·d),表现东海在夏季是大气CO2的汇区,区域碳汇强度由强到弱依次为:长江冲淡水区(CDW)、黄东海混合水区(YEMW)、陆架咸淡水混合区(SMW)、近岸上升流区(CUW)和台湾暖流区(TWCW),东海夏季每日吸收大气CO2(以C计)约(18.3±19.8)kt。结合历史资料分析发现,近十几年来东海夏季碳汇强度有增强趋势,CDW区的海-气界面CO2通量平均年增速为-0.814mmol/(m2·d),即海水吸收大气二氧化碳每年增加约54.6kt,是夏季东海碳汇增加的最主要贡献者。 相似文献