1985年空间海洋学的状况和展望

1984年海洋学工程的主要措施是在空间建立海洋观察站。新的海军遥控海洋测向系统卫星(NROSS)和欧洲空间站的地球资源卫星(ERS—Ⅰ)已得到政府的批准,列入了预算项目,开展了利用卫星调查内容的计划和操作运行的计划。NROSS 的传感器有用于风的 NASA(国家航空和航天局)的传播计量器;用于水面温度,冰的性质和海冰边端的微波无线     

海南岛珊瑚礁的主要类型

一、前言 中苏海洋生物考察团,于1958年3—6月在中国南海的海南岛进行了考察工作,对该地区的海洋潮间带动物群的栖息条件和沿岸的动物生态学进行了调查研究。工作中除考察了岩石、红树丛、沙滩及泥滩的生物群落外,同时考察了热带海洋中典型的生物群落——珊瑚礁。     

Irish on the move

Trends in emigration from Ireland over time are reviewed. "During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries overseas migration to the United States and seasonal harvest migration to Britain were the main types of movement, but over the past 100 years the Irish have developed a special affinity for settling in British towns. Although the outflow was halted for a time during the 1970s, when return migration took over, the 1980s have seen a renewal of the exodus. This time, however, the character of the flow has changed from predominantly low-skill construction and factory workers to embrace better-educated emigrants, including many graduates. This shift reflects Ireland's changing position in the international market for labour."     

Thinking of England and taking care: family building strategies and infant mortality in England and Wales, 1891-1911

"Debates concerning the origins and development of the late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century declines in marital fertility and infant mortality in England and Wales have been centred largely on the material provided by answers to the ?special' questions in the 1911 census. In their published form these figures have restricted researchers to an examination of large scale geographic and social class differences in the levels and rates of decline of the two phenomena. This paper outlines research conducted on a sample of individual census returns from the 1911 census. From this data it becomes clear that for Victorian and Edwardian England ?where one lived' was rather more important than ?who one was' in determining both family building strategies and the survival of those children born."     

Reconstruction of the diagenesis of the fluvial-lacustrine- deltaic sandstones and its influence on the reservoir quality evolution-- Evidence from Jurassic and Triassic sandstones, Yanchang Oil Field, Ordos Basin

The reservoir quality of Jurassic and Triassic fluvial and lacustrine-deltaic sandstones of the Yanchang Oil Field in the Ordos Basin is strongly influenced by the burial history and facies-related diagenetic events. The fluvial sandstones have a higher average porosity (14.8%) and a higher permeability (12.7×10?3 ?m2) than those of the deltaic sandstones (9.8% and 5.8 ×10?3 ?m2, respectively). The burial compaction, which resulted in 15% and 20% porosity loss for Jurassic and Triassic sandstones, respectively, is the main factor causing the loss of porosity both for the Jurassic and Triassic sandstones. Among the cements, carbonate is the main one that reduced the reservoir quality of the sandstones. The organic acidic fluid derived from organic matter in the source rocks, the inorganic fluid from rock-water reaction during the late diagenesis, and meteoric waters during the epidiagenesis resulted in the formation of dissolution porosity, which is the main reason for the enhancement of reservoir-quality.     

航空重力确定大地水准面的研究

随着近年来航空重力的发展,航空重力数据的精度和分辨率不断提高,其精度可达1 mGal,分辨率可达10km,这使得用航空重力数据计算精密大地水准面成为可能。本研究介绍利用满足一定条件的稳定、精确的航空重力数据计算大地水准面的一种新途径。它根据布隆公式,分离大地水准面与参考椭球,把航空重力观测值转换为大地水准面上的重力位,从而确定大地水准面。其具体步骤如下: 1.对重力扰动观测数据进行低通滤波,除去高频观测噪声; 2.利用全球重力场模型从低通滤波的重力     

马沙布如姆峰南坡及上胡沙河谷的地质(喀啦昆仑—中亚西亚)

1　前　　言已工作的地区和目的:胡沙河谷位于马沙布如姆山峰(7921m)S-SE方向约45km。从沙约克河谷(印度盆地)汇合处约7km联结萨特如河谷。萨特如河在与胡沙河交汇之前曾急遽转弯,所以,最后的一条支流看起来是胡沙河谷的直接延续物。胡沙河的全部水系盆地位于北纬35°15′—35°40′和东经76°10′—76°35′之间。本次工作的主要目的是:收集胡沙与马沙布如姆河谷地质和岩石的新资料。事实上,在L.巴尔布秀领导下,阿布鲁齐地质工作者的探险是企图征服K6山口,由D.亚历山大采集了55块标本,那些标本后来由米兰大学的E.G.曼辛尼进行过研究1。…     

西藏的活动构造

根据西藏卫片解译 ,最新构造似乎是近南北走向的正断层。西藏高原中部的 1 4个地震断裂面扩散表明 ,主要为正断裂作用。这些解释不都完全受到限制 ,但最可信的一个解释是 :T轴指向近东西的时候 ,仅在标高较低的高原的边缘处 ,按断裂面的扩散才表现出活动的逆断裂作用。这些观测意谓着现代西藏的大部份皆呈东西向扩展。这种格局与印度和欧亚大陆的碰撞以及特别脆弱的西藏地壳和上地幔的形变有关。印度向欧亚大陆施加压力以维持西藏位居一个均一的高度上 ,而被此抬升作用所导致的静压力前锋向北传递其压力。因此西藏是亚洲的压力计量表。同时 ,微呈东西向扭张的 (流动 )西藏的下部壳层和上地幔 ,将拉张其表层。现在西藏与印度的相对位置 ,类似被一个刚性块体 (印度 )嵌入塑性物质中的死三角的相对位置。     

一个与转换作用有关的盆地演化：意大利中部拉齐奥地区的Ardea盆地

在上中新世一更新世期间，意大利蒂勒尼安半岛的沿岸地区处在北东－－南西向的拉伸状态，伴随有北西－－南东向正断裂系和由北东－－南西走向的转移断裂带连结的盆地。Ａｒｄｅａ盆地就是其中之一，它位于罗马南部。本文采用地质和地球物理方法（构造和地层资料，地震测线和磁化率非均质性资料）研究这一与转移有关的盆地的演化，通过比较后发现，这些转移盆地有如下一些共同的特点：（１）沿转移断层的滑动向量大都是倾向滑动，这意     

冬小麦遥感冠层温度监测土壤含水量的试验研究

在冬小麦主要生育期(2002年4月初到5月底),对不灌溉的冬小麦测定了冠层温度、地温、气温以及土壤含水量,计算了冠气温差且分析了冠层温度和冠气温差与不同土层厚度的土壤含水量相关关系。结果表明:14:00的冠层温度能较好地反映20cm土层的土壤含水量变化,但与其它各土层相关性有较大的波动性;14:00的冠气温差能较好地反映40cm以上土层的土壤含水量变化,二者的相关性很高,在20cm、40cm土层,两者相关系数R2分别为0.98866、0.99389,这为用区域遥感数据反演主要生育期冬小麦的冠气温差进而监测区域40cm土壤含水量提供了实验性的依据;拔节期和灌浆期,用14:00冠气温差来拟合各土壤层的土壤含水量有较高的精度,从而为用区域遥感数据监测区域土壤含水量提供了经验性的模型。