晚白垩世全球性大洋滞流幕

通过对北大西洋深海钻探计划(DSDP)钻孔的地层和有机地球化学资料的复查校正,证明在点105、107、367、386、398、549和551处存在有CTBSH层(CTBSH为Cenomanian-Turonian Black Shale Horizon之缩写,即西诺曼期—土伦期黑色页岩层)。这套沉积物通常含黄铁矿或磷酸盐,或者两者都含,其层厚为1毫米或小于1毫米的纹层。它的总有机炭含量(TOC—Total Organic Carbon之缩写,即总有机炭)大于2%,平均值一般为10%,最大值可达30%,所含有机质主要是海相成因的。     

煤矿井下套管切割刀具选型及对比分析

为了解决煤层段注浆套管影响煤层回采的问题,采取对煤层段注浆套管进行分段切割。在研发设计套管切割钻头的基础上,选取了PDC切割刀具、热压金刚石切割刀具和电镀金刚石切割刀具3种不同工艺类型的切割刀具在赵固一矿对壁厚4.5mm的双层套管(套管规格Φ108mm、Φ127 mm)进行了2组对比切割试验。试验结果表明:3种不同工艺类型的切割刀具都能够实现双层套管一次性切割,其中,PDC切割刀具具有较高的切割速度,但寿命偏低;热压金刚石切割刀具和电镀金刚石切割刀具具有较高的寿命,电镀金刚石切割刀具切割效率更高,硬度对两种金刚石切割刀具影响很大。     

岩浆硫化物矿床铂族元素的地球化学模式

引言岩浆硫化物矿石中铂族元素的浓度显示一个值得注意的数值范围,从一个矿床到另一个矿床可以有数量级的变化。例如Merensky层(布什维尔德杂岩体)的矿石,硫化物少于2(重量％),仅为萨德伯里矿石的1/15到1/20,而Pt和Pd的总量却是典型萨德拍里矿床的10     

The responses of different ethnic groups in the Sudan to rural-urban migration

The ethnic identities of the various population groups in the Sudan are a product of their specific natural and social environments. The migration of these groups to the towns, especially to Greater Khartoum, involves a drastic change of cultural norms and values. However, the capability of change and the subsequent results are strongly conditioned by the specific background of each ethnic group and by the conditions in its area of origin. This is being proved by a comparative study on three ethnic groups in the Sudan: the Nuba, the Zaghawa and the Hadandawa.     

南极沿海伯尔顿盐湖双刺镰状水蚤盐度耐性的季节变化

双刺镰状水蚤Drepanopus bispinosus为南极沿海伯尔顿盐湖(Burton lake)中的越冬种类之一,其雌性性成熟大约于每年的初冬季节,在随后8个多月的生活史中,经历了一个盐度从33(5月份)到39(11月份)的环境变化.本文报道了该水蚤雌性成体对环境盐度适应的季节差异,动物在冬季的耐低盐能力较夏季强,从冬季到夏季,动物对盐度的适应范围明显地向高盐度方向偏移,这与环境盐度对动物的驯化有关.在低盐水中,动物的呼吸率增高,且夏季大于冬季,因而进一步证实了环境盐度的变化对动物盐度适应性的影响.     

新疆垦区碱化土和苏打化土的改良

据不完全统计,垦区碱化土和苏打化土共有三千余万亩。碱化土集中分布在准噶尔盆地南部的古老冲积平原上,以下野地和莫索湾垦区南部面积最大,奇台、五家渠垦区和南疆的焉耆盆地、塔里木河和阿克苏河灌区,中昆仑山北麓平原,也有小面积的分布。苏打化土集中分布在阿勒泰、哈密、焉耆和库尔勒垦区,以及昆仑山北麓的平原地区。     

Contemporary 14C radiocarbon levels of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) isolated in sponge-cyanobacteria associations

Considerable debate surrounds the sources of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) in wildlife as to whether they are naturally produced or result from anthropogenic industrial activities. Natural radiocarbon (¹⁴C) abundance has proven to be a powerful tool to address this problem as recently biosynthesized compounds contain contemporary (i.e. modern) amounts of atmospheric radiocarbon; whereas industrial chemicals, mostly produced from fossil fuels, contain no detectable ¹⁴C. However, few compounds isolated from organisms have been analyzed for their radiocarbon content. To provide a baseline, we analyzed the ¹⁴C content of four O-PBDEs. These compounds, 6-OH-BDE47, 2′-OH-BDE68, 2′,6-diOH-BDE159, and a recently identified compound, 2′-MeO-6-OH-BDE120, were isolated from the tropical marine sponges Dysidea granulosa and Lendenfeldia dendyi. The modern radiocarbon content of their chemical structures (i.e. diphenyl ethers, C₁₂H₂₂O) indicates that they are naturally produced. This adds to a growing baseline on, at least, the sources of these unusual compounds.     

A procedure for identifying significant environmental aspects in sea ports

A new methodology has been designed to identify and rank the significant environmental aspects in sea ports. The main objective of the Strategic Overview of Significant Environmental Aspects (SOSEA) is to help port managers to identify significant environmental aspects and to reinforce the awareness about them in order to prioritise work in environmental management. Developed in close collaboration with port environmental managers and tested in a set of ports, it is a user-friendly tool that can be applied in approximately half a working day. It is based on ISO 14001 vocabulary and requirements and it can be considered as the base for the implementation of any Environmental Management System for port communities.