UPPER CAMBRIAN FOSSILS FROM FENGTIEN.

INTRODUCTION. The upper Cambrian of Fengtien was studied by Dr. Andersson whomade the following section and kindly permitted me to use it. (Fig. 1) Theupper Cambrian rest disconformably upon the pre-Cambrian rocks, which areof Sinian age. Upwards it is succeeded probably with a disconformity bythe Ordovician.     

AREAS OF 3338 ISIANDS ALONG THE COAST OF CHINA

1 All islands are measured by Plauimeter.2 Maps and charts used: a, British Admiralty Charts b, Charts published by the Hydrographic Department of Chinese Navy, c, Japanese Charts     

The Holocene Evolution of the Ebre Delta Catalonia, Spain

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巨型中温热液金矿床的特征描述成因模式及勘查区的选择准则

中温热液金矿床赋存在由花岗岩侵位的碰撞造山带的各个时代的以火山岩为主和沉积岩为主的上壳岩带内。贫的和富的成矿带的主要区别是,富矿带容纳有异常大的矿床。这一模式是对区域内所属不同成矿带的矿区间进行成矿贫富性的详细对比而得出的。我们对该区域４７ 个巨型（＞ ６０ｔＡｕ）中温热液金矿床的地质特征和背景的研究表明,８０％ 的金矿床产在以火山岩为主的上壳岩带,而２０％ 的金矿床产在沉积岩为主的上壳岩带。几乎没有证据能够说明巨型矿床的产生是受矿物沉积规模所控制。例如：围岩岩性的复杂性控制着矿床构造的复杂性,而与矿床规模无关。从区域上讲,不管怎样,巨型金矿床特定的有利的岩石组合并可能与早期形成的金矿化体有显著关系。多数以火山岩为主的上壳岩带内的巨型金矿床出现在具有高镁火山岩（科马提岩）或侵入的岩带内,其中２０％ 与长英质火山岩共生;７５％ 含有前变质高铝热液蚀变矿物组合。一个巨型矿床和许多小型矿床与斑岩型Ｃｕ－Ａｕ 矿化关系密切。赋存在前寒武纪以沉积岩为主的上壳岩带内的巨型金矿床均以含铁建造为主,但在显生宙以沉积岩为主的上壳岩带内的矿床却不是这样。解释中温热液金矿床的共有特征,金矿床矿物学特有的事实说明与围岩环境有关。矿床的同位     

用爆炸源和天然地震源对圣安德烈斯断层成像

现有证据说明,断层带的不均匀性可能在地震破裂局域化中起决定性的作用(Aki,1995)。这种不均匀性可以呈现多种形式,如物理性质(弹性、孔隙流体压力等)随空间的变化,或断层面的复杂性(弯曲、错断等)。P波和S波速度(v_p和v_S)结构的高分辨率三维模型以及精确的震源为研究断层带不均匀性对破裂局域化的作用     

I AND UTILIZATION IN KUNMING LAKE REGION, YUNNAN

The Kunming Lake, with an area of 324 sq. kin. during its flood water time, is the largest lake in Eastern Yunnan. More than twenty streams from the surrounding mountains empty into the lake which is drained by the TangLang River to the upper Yangtze. Around the Kunming Lake is an extensive     

Critical appraisal on the identification of Reference Conditions for the evaluation of ecological quality status along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Italy) using M-AMBI

According to the European Water Framework Directive, the ecological status (ES) of a water body is determined by comparing observation data with undisturbed Reference Conditions (RCs). Defining RCs is crucial when evaluating the ES of a water body as it strongly affects the final outcome of any index application. Identifying RCs by observing real sites is not feasible in many marine environments, such as the Emilia-Romagna coast (Italy, N-Adriatic Sea). We used a statistical approach on a large dataset to derive RCs for the application of the benthic index M-AMBI in this area. We then applied M-AMBI to samples collected along a gradient of presumed environmental disturbance. The results put 14.8% of the Emilia-Romagna samples in “High” ES, 60.2% in “Good”, 23.0% in “Moderate” and 2.0% in “Poor”, showing a spatial gradient of improving quality. These results are in agreement with the extensive ecological knowledge available for this area.     

Contaminant concentrations in sport fish from San Francisco Bay, 1997

In 1997, seven sport fish species were sampled from seven popular fishing areas in San Francisco Bay. Mercury exceeded a human health screening value in 44 of 84 (52%) samples. All collected samples of leopard shark and striped bass exceeded the mercury screening value of 0.23 microg/g wet weight. PCBs exceeded the screening value in 51 of 72 (71%) samples. DDT, chlordane, and dieldrin, had lower numbers of samples above screening values: 16 of 72 (22%) for DDT, 11 of 72 (15%) for chlordanes, and 27 of 72 (37%) for dieldrin. Concentrations of PCBs and other trace organics were highest in white croaker and shiner surfperch, the two species with the highest fat content in their muscle tissue. Fish from one location, Oakland Harbor, had significantly elevated wet weight concentrations of mercury, PCBs, DDTs, and chlordanes compared to other locations. Removal of skin from white croaker fillets reduced lipid concentrations by 27-49% and concentrations of trace organics by 33-40%.     

Coastal defence through low crested breakwater structures: jumping out of the frying pan into the fire?

The Adriatic coast of Punta Marina (Ravenna) is protected by 3-km long low crested breakwater structures (LCSs). Through a 3-years long multidisciplinar study, we assessed the impact of such defensive structures on environmental and biological condition. LCSs create pools where conditions are very different from the surrounding nearshore system. Mechanical disturbance by currents and waves varied greatly in intensity and frequency between seaward and landward sides of the structures. Sedimentary budget was positive at the landward side, but it was due to a gain on the seafloor and not on the emerged beach. The budget at seaward was negative. LCSs determine differences in benthic assemblages, alter the seasonal pattern of communities, and modify seasonal fluctuations of animal assemblages. Landward sheltered areas can be seen as “lagoonal island” surrounded by a “sea of marine habitat”. Differences in ecological quality status, obtained through M-AMBI, are due to the sum of these factors.     

From the editors

<正>Dear Editorial Board Members, Contributors and Friends of EEEV, As we putting together a special section on the Great Wenchuan earthquake, the nearby Ya'an/Lushan area was struck by another major earthquake almost five years later. Preliminary reports indicate that this recent event appear to have certain special characteristics such as the large affected area and changing geotechnical/geological configurations of the ground although its ground motion intensity comparably was smaller than the Wenchuan earthquake.