The Effect of Weak Shear－induced Motion on Brownian Coagulation of Aerosol Particles

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依据洋中脊声纳幅值的变化推断沉积物的堆积速率

通过晚期延伸的中心熔岩来看,大洋中脊的侧扫描声纳图通常在展开的中心熔岩上呈现高的反向散射幅值,当熔岩吸附沉积物成层时。这些幅值便随离开中脊轴的距离和地壳的年龄按指数规律衰减。在印度洋中心收集的GLORIA数据画出的图中,给出了一个例     

碳酸盐胶结砂岩中的指形反应前锋

水—岩相互作用前锋的形态可以自组织成非平面形,如指形和扇形。这是由于外界流体驱动下的聚流作用而形成的。对于碳酸盐胶结的砂岩,这种现象用一组反应—运移方程来模拟,设计一套计算机程序解此方程组,并用以预测这种现象的时间演化。该程序含有许多特别的数值算法,以使计算迅速收敛。文中阐明了前锋成指形、扇形、指尖分裂形和帽形的效应。文中研究了流速、流渠宽度、以及围岩中胶结物(方解石或白云石)的变化的影响。本文讨论了这种模拟对于加深认识成岩作用和石油工程的潜在重要性。     

为战争贩子服务的国际测量协会

某国外刊物报导说：美国军阀已使国际测量协会为自己服务。为证实这个机构如何变为美军指挥部的顺从工具,就必须阐明它在第二次世界大战后数年内的活动。     

Meso-scale testing and development of test procedures to maintain mass balance

The Conrad Blucher Institute for Surveying and Science (Texas A&M University––Corpus Christi) has conducted numerous petroleum experiments at the Shoreline Environmental Research Facility (Corpus Christi, Texas, USA). The meso-scale facility has multiple wave tanks, permitting some control in experimental design of the investigations, but allowing for real-world conditions. This paper outlines the evolution of a materials balance approach in conducting petroleum experiments at the facility. The first attempt at a materials balance was during a 1998 study on the fate/effects of dispersant use on crude oil. Both water column and beach sediment samples were collected. For the materials balance, the defined environmental compartments for oil accumulation were sediments, water column, and the water surface, while the discharge from the tanks was presumed to be the primary sink. The “lessons learned” included a need to quantify oil adhesion to the tank surfaces. This was resolved by adhering strips of the polymer tank lining to the tank sides that could be later removed and extracted for oil. Also, a protocol was needed to quantify any floating oil on the water surface. A water surface (oil slick) quantification protocol was developed, involving the use of solid-phase extraction disks. This protocol was first tested during a shoreline cleaner experiment, and later refined in subsequent dispersant effectiveness studies. The effectiveness tests were designed to simulate shallow embayments which created the need for additional adjustments in the tanks. Since dispersant efficacy is largely affected by hydrodynamics, it was necessary to scale the hydrodynamic conditions of the tanks to those expected in our prototype system (Corpus Christi Bay, Texas). The use of a scaled model permits the experiment to be reproduced and/or evaluated under different conditions. To minimize wave reflection in the tank, a parabolic wave dissipater was built. In terms of materials balance, this design reduced available surface area as a sink for oil adsorption.     

Observational estimation of heat budgets on drifting ice and open water over the Arctic Ocean

It is of major scientific interests to determine the parameters of momentum, heat and vapor exchange in the planetary boundary layer in order to study the effects of ocean-ice-atmosphere interactions and their feedback mechanisms on global climate[1]. Lin…