一次西南印度洋热带气旋过程发展机制的数值研究

本文利用尽可能多的观测资料和WRF-3.4.1模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)对2012年1月19日至28日发生在西南印度洋上空的1次强热带气旋进行了研究,并分析其时空结构和发展机制。对该热带气旋的移动路径、强度及内部结构的数值模拟结果与实际符合较好。分析表明,感热和凝结潜热贯串于热带气旋发展的整个过程,其中感热对气旋发展的影响较弱,凝结潜热是气旋发展的主要能量来源,CISK机制可解释该热带气旋的发展过程。     

海洋标准评估策略研究

文章在概述我国海洋标准评估工作现状的基础上,分析评估工作普遍存在的难点和海洋标准评估实践中的问题,围绕健全法律法规、开展全过程管理、提高评估结果公正性、构建评估信息系统、加强宣贯力度、建设海洋标准化人才队伍6个方面提出对策建议,以探索提高海洋标准评估工作水平。     

大连市滨海湿地现状及加强管护工作对策研究

文章利用遥感技术获取了大连市2016年滨海湿地基本状况信息,通过实地调查和查阅资料基本摸清了研究区水鸟及栖息地概况,收集整理了研究区开展滨海湿地管理与保护工作情况,简要阐释了当前滨海湿地管护工作中存在的功能退化等问题,辨识性分析了引发问题的填海造地、建设力度与保护经费不足等驱动力因素,提出了应从健全滨海湿地管理与保护制度机制、加大新建保护区与已建保护区管护工作力度、开展生态修复工作、开展滨海湿地生态补偿工作、严格自然滨海湿地开发利用管理和加强滨海湿地调查监测6个方面加强滨海湿地管护工作的对策及建设性意见。     

东海西南近岸海域污损生物群落特征

于2013年12月~2014年11月在东海西南近岸海域进行污损生物周年挂板试验,全年共记录污损生物10门49科69属84种,群落组成以近岸暖水种为主,为典型的亚热带内湾型群落,附着盛期为4–9月,夏季污损生物的附着强度最高。固定生活类型的悬浮物食者是该近岸海域污损生物群落的附着主体,网纹藤壶（Amphibalanus reticulatus）是最主要的优势种和代表种,其它优势种还有长鳃麦杆虫（Caprella equilibra）、中胚花筒螅（Ectopleura crocea）、太平洋侧花海葵（Anthopleura nigrescens）、今岛柄涡虫（Stylochus ijimai）、克氏无襟毛虫（Spirobranchus kraussii）、近江牡蛎（Crassostrea rivularis）、翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）、廉形叶钩虾（Jassa falcata）、强壮板钩虾（Stenothoe valida）、光辉圆扇蟹（Sphaerozius nitidus）和大室别藻苔虫（Biflustra grandicella）等。污损生物群落个体间因附着空间和食物竞争而存在着相互依存或互相制约的关系,又依照对环境因子的适应性而存在着一定的时空分布规律。温度是决定污损生物地理分布的最主要环境因素,物种的温度属性是不同气候带污损生物群落组成差异的本质体现,污损生物的种类数、附着期和附着量与水温有着密切的关系;另外,盐度、水流、光、水产养殖等自然环境或人为因素也是影响污损生物附着的重要影响因子。     

Ecophysiological characteristics of invasive Spartina alterniflora and native species in salt marshes of Yangtze River estuary,China

Biological invasions represent one of the significant components of global change. A comparative study of invaders and co-occurring natives is a useful approach to gaining insights into the invasiveness of exotic plants. Spartina alterniflora, a C₄ grass, is a widespread invader in the coastal wetlands in China and other regions of the world. We conducted a comparative study of S. alterniflora and native C₃ species, Phragmites australis and Scirpus mariqueter, in terms of their gas exchange and efficiencies in resource utilization. We tested the hypothesis that S. alterniflora has growth-related ecophysiological advantages over the natives in its non-native range, which result in its rapid growth and enhance its invasiveness. Photosynthesis, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), and the efficiency of resource use (light, water, and nitrogen) were examined monthly for eight months in 2004. Overall, S. alterniflora had greater LAI, higher maximal net photosynthetic rate (A_max), and longer growing season than those of the native species. On average, the efficiencies of S. alterniflora in light, water, and nitrogen utilization were respectively 10.1%, 26.1%, and 33.1% higher than those of P. australis, and respectively 70.3%, 53.5%, 28.3% higher than those of S. mariqueter. However, SLA of S. alterniflora was significantly lower than those of P. australis and S. mariqueter. Although there was no general pattern in the relationship between invasiveness and plant photosynthetic types, in this study, most of the ecophysiological characteristics that gave S. alterniflora a competitive advantage in the Yangtze River estuary were associated with photosynthetic pathways. Our results offer a greater understanding of the relationship between invasiveness and plant photosynthetic type. Our results also indicate that LAI and the length of the photosynthetic season, which vary with habitats, are also important in invasion success.     

误差椭圆在精密工程测量中的应用研究

进行精密工程测量时,要根据工程的要求和现场的具体条件,通过精度分析拟定切实可行的观测方案,采用合适的测量方法来获得最可靠的成果。据此探讨了误差椭圆在精密工程测量中的应用。     

Improving performances of ITO/GaP contact on AlGaInP light-emitting diodes

In this paper AlGaInP light emitting diodes with different types of electrodes: Au/Zn/Au-ITO Au/Ti-ITO Au/Ge/Ni-ITO and Au-ITO are fabricated. The photoelectricity properties of those LEDs are studied. The results show that the Au/Zn/Au electrode greatly improves the performance of LEDs compared with the other electrodes. Because the Au/Zn/Au electrode not only forms a good Ohmic contact with indium tin oxide (ITO), but also reduces the specific contact resistances between ITO and GaP, which are 1.273×10^-6 Ω · cm² and 1.743×10^-3 Ω ·cm² between Au/Zn/Au-ITO and ITO-GaP respectively. Furthermore, the textured Zn/Au-ITO/Zn electrode is designed to improve the performances of LEDs, reduce the forward-voltage of the LED from 1.93 to 1.88 V, and increase the luminous intensity of the LEDs from 126 to 134 mcd when driven at 20 mA.     

大黄鱼肌肉组织cDNA全长文库的构建及EST分析

以大黄鱼肌肉组织为材料,利用Creator Smart cDNA Library Construction Kit构建了大黄鱼肌肉组织的全长cDNA文库.文库质量分析表明：cDNA文库容量不低于1.68×106cfu/mm3,重组率达96%,插入片断的平均长度大于1 000bp.随机挑取512个cDNA克隆进行5’端测序,其中430条ESTs的长度大于100bp;并初步拼接得到了230个单基因簇（unigene）,其中包括58个重叠群（contigs）,172个单拷贝ESTs（singletons）,冗余度为46.51%.经检索,35个ESTs在BLASTx上无明显的同源性（E值≤1.00×10-10）,为新基因.195个ESTs与已报道的基因有较高的同源性;其中与能量相关基因的ESTs丰度最高,占总数的20.00%.蛋白质合成、细胞骨架和信号传导次之,比例分别为13.48%、12.17%、10.00%,其中包括高迁移率族蛋白B1、瘦素受体、β1-热激蛋白等.这些EST数据为进一步筛选和克隆大黄鱼肌肉特异性表达基因提供了平台.     

2009年秋季航次UCTD样机海上试验

UCTD(Underway Conductivity-Temperature-Depth)是一种新型船舶走航上层海洋温度盐度剖面调查设备。文中介绍了国内研制的UCTD样机参加2009年秋季航次海上试验情况,包括试验设备的组成、安装、试验结论和存在的问题等。为了海上现场检验UCTD样机探头测量性能、下降深度、速度和甲板设备的运行情况,共进行了42次投放试验。通过分析试验数据,UCTD样机的作业时间、测量深度、测量性能和可靠性均达到了预期的设计目标。试验数据经处理后可获取海洋上层温盐断面数据,实现了UCTD实际应用效果,最后对试验中发现的问题提出了解决办法。     

多波束测深仪有效扇面宽度估计方法

根据多波束测深仪的声纳方程,提出多波束测深仪有效扇面宽度概算方法。通过多波束测深仪声学设计原理估计多波束测深仪的声学参数。分别对各波束的目标强度和声源级进行估算,给出了不同工作深度和工作脉宽情况下的各波束声源级分布,通过检索各波束的声源级确定多波束测深仪的有效扇面宽度,并对测船的选择提出建议。