Trends in planetary wave activity in the upper middle atmosphere inferred from the nighttime LF radio wave absorption measurements

Summary The nighttime LF radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere measured at two frequencies in central Europe over 1963–1985 is used to infer planetary wave activity and its long-term trend in the upper middle atmosphere (∼90–100 km). The observed positive trend is roughly consistent with results based on daytime absorption. Nighttime results are less pronounced and less statistically significant probably due to perturbing effects of geomagnetic activity. The observed trends, which are probably of anthropogenic origin, are together with the daytime results [3,4] the first evidence of long-term trends in planetary wave activity in the upper middle atmosphere.     

The photoelectron spectra of some Tl-Sb sulphosalts

The results of X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments on several phases of the ternary system Tl-Sb-S are reported. The binding energies of the inner S, Sb and Tl electrons increase with increasing quantities of Sb and decreasing amounts of Tl in these compounds. This is explained by the influences of the proportions of the bonded metals on the effective electron affinity of S. The higher proportions of the more electronegative element bonded to S cause the increase of its effective electron affinity. The results for Tl₂S (carlinite), Tl₃SbS₃, TlSbS₂ (weissbergite), TlAsS₂ (lorandite) and Sb₂S₃ (antimonite) can be interpreted in this way. The results for Tl₄S₃ suggest a predominantly covalent character of bonding for both Tl(III) and Tl(I), which are present in this sulfide. From comparison with Tl₃SbS₄ it could be supposed that Tl(III)-S bond has a more covalent character than Sb(V)-S bond. The results for Tl₃SbS₄ are in agreement with crystal structure data and the results of Moessbauer spectroscopy. For AsS (realgar) the binding energies of the inner electrons of As and S significantly increase, showing that the electrons in molecular orbitals are less strongly bonded to individual atoms, as compared to pure elements. The results for the amorphous TlSb₅S₈ (corresponding in composition to parapierrotite) suggest that in amorphous compound the Tl-S bonding is stronger and the coordination of Tl more regular than in a crystalline one.     

Modelling magnetization processes in single-and multi-domain rock samples using the preisach diagram

Summary The paper presents the results of identifying a model of the Preisach type for haematite grains of the single-domain as well as multi-domain size. Due to the phenomenological conception of the model, the relations between the parameters of the model and actual parameters are very complex, however, impressive accuracy and stability of the modified model indicate the need to resume studies of this problem. The model parameters also confirm the adequate properties of the vibrating-sample magnetometr (VSM) used and developed in our laboratories.     

Radioactive and trace element distribution in basaltic rocks of Lower Silesia

Summary The distribution of radioactive(Th, U, K) and selected trace(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) elements in volcanic rocks from the Opole and Jawor regions of the Lower Silesia has been studied. The behaviour of these elements in the studied rocks indicates that the Lower Silesian volcanic rocks are characterized by less differentiated type than other volcanic rocks of the Bohemian Massif, the Opole rock types probably having a less differentiated character than the Jawor rock types.

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¶rt;a an¶rt;u a¶rt;uamu(Th, U, K) u m ¶rt;u(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) m auu n¶rt;a am n u u uuu. a n mam n¶rt;num, m aum u uuu n¶rt;mam ¶rt; aamuu n¶rt; u ¶rt;uuau, aum u ana¶rt; uu. au a n¶rt;num, m auu n¶rt; amu n ¶rt;uuau ma ua n¶rt; u amu .

     

Expansions of the double product of the global gravity field

Summary Four fundamental forms of expansion of the double product of the gravity function into an infinite series are derived. Two isotropic parts are separated, one is expressed by Legendre polynomials and the other by invariants of Wigner's D-matrices.

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¶rt; m n¶rt;mau ¶rt; au ¶rt; nu¶rt;uaumau uu ¶rt;. ¶rt; ¶rt; umn amu, na aam n nu a¶rt;a u ma n uauam amu ua.

     

Effects of the IMF pro- and anti-sectors in the winter midlatitude ionosphere

Summary On the basis of the 1966–73 data, the effect of the difference between pro- and anti-sectors of the IMF is found to be negligible in the winter midlatitude (Central Europe) ionosphere contrary to the dominant effect of this difference in the high-latitude ionosphere found earlier.

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a ¶rt;a a 1966–73. u¶rt;m u m amu ¶rt; pro- u anti- mau . na a u ¶rt;um (¶rt; na) u, , a naa a, naum um u.

     

Effect of cofactors of adjusted and unadjusted quantities on their functions

aamuam uu am a (m u naamuu n) u u (a) uu a uu mu uu. mam (19), (28) naam, m amua am mau u m ¶rt; am amu: a) na ¶rt;um am, n n a uu am u uu a uu; ) ma ¶rt;um am, m aam uu a uu.     

Numerical modelling of time-harmonic seismic wave fields in simple structures by the Gaussian beam method. Part II

ma ama m n¶rt;u am[1]. u ama, m¶rt;au n unm ¶rt; uuauu ma m nau a¶rt;a. a uau ¶rt;m ma a muna . au mu mamau n [1], m m¶rt;au n ¶rt;am ¶rt;mam m mam ¶rt;a u amu aa mu. aumu amu, uauau n ma nuu ¶rt;a . m am ¶rt;am mumm mam a naama am, aa uu L ₀ au n. aa, m am mam namuu aum m L ₀ . amu aa mu u aumu amu, a m mam n ¶rt; u L ₀ . u uu L ₀ , anum¶rt; ma amu aa mu nuam, nu aua nam m, m uu L ₀ auum. aumu amu, u L ₀ um m uau m a uuu anum¶rt; u, mmmu a. uu L ₀ , uuu nam. ma uam mumm mam ¶rt;a ¶rt;u naama am. uau ¶rt;m ma anum¶rt; u ma muna S, S u SS.