模糊模型判识在斜坡破坏危险性分区中的应用

本文在探讨斜坡破坏危险性分区中,试用模糊模型判识方法,依斜坡演变趋势与影响因素间的关联性,进行模糊聚类和相容度的分析,从而对斜坡破坏危险性做以分级分区研究并对斜坡的环境质量做以评价。     

论岩溶水系统预报时边界条件问题

<正>七十年代以来,国内用线性渗流确定性模型对地下水系统进行数值模似(反求参数,预报人工流场),已取得丰富的成果和经验,但也存在一些问题。其中重要的问题之一是模型预报时边界条件的非确定性。对于该问题虽然有不同的解决办法,也有一些较大的分歧,至今还缺乏一套科学依据较严密的处理原则和求值方法。     

Regularity and estimation of methane emission from marshland in the Sanjiang Plain

The regularity of CH₄ emission from marshland in the Sanjiang Plain was studied by sampling in the open field and analyzing under laboratory condition, the annual emission amount is also estimated. By Grey Relatively Analysis we know that the soil temperature in the 10-cm depth of grass-root layer is close related with CH₄ emission. CH₄ emission has different kinds of diurnal emission modes:before-dawn maximum mode, night maximum mode and irregular fluctuation mode. The seasonal variation trend of CH₄ emission rates is going up steadily from May to August and dropping down from September, the maximum lies behind the maximum of temperature. CH₄ emission rates of different marshland types are different, the CH₄ emission rate of Glyceriaspiculosa — Carex marshland is always higher than that of Carex lasiocarpa marshland. The paper also studies the difference of CH₄ emission rates in different managing modes and analyzes the emission rates between China and U. S. A. The result shows: the average value of CH₄ emission rate is 17.26mg/(m²·h), the annual amount of CH₄ emission is about 0.75Tg. Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, and thank the Ecological Test Station of Mires and Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities in China

The environmental problems in the seriously polluted cities in China have been paid attention to by policy-makers and foreign and domestic scholars. However, it is very difficult to improve the environmental quality fundamentally due to its complexity, for example the formation of the seriously deteriorated environment. It is considered that the terminal harnessing is an important way, but the spread of high-level terminal treatment is restricted by the limit of funds and technological level. Therefore, the way for a sustainable development of the seriously polluted cities should be multiple-sided, which is to correlate the operation of environmental protection with the operation of city construction. To achieve an identity of these opposites, measures should be taken during economic development and environmental protection in every developing stage. In this paper, the authors take Benxi City as a case study.     

Reduced growth in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ×O. Niloticus) at intermediate stocking density

Hybrid tilapia were reared at densities of 1, 5 or 10 fish per tank for four weeks. Mortality was 0 at 1 and 10 fish per tank, but was 25% at 5 fish per tank. Specific growth rate was highest at 1 fish per tank, and lowest at 5 fish per tank. The lower growth rate at the intermediate stocking density was associated with reduced feed efficiency, but there was no reduction in feed intake or digestibility. The results suggested increased metabolic cost caused by aggressive behaviour at intermediate stocking density, which can be suppressed by a further increase in density. This project was financially supported by the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China and by Shanghai Fisheries University (Project SFU. 200003).     

Detecting Holocene movements of the woodland–steppe ecotone in northern China using discriminant analysis

Discriminant functions link vegetation zones and surface pollen along the woodland–steppe ecotone in northern China. These links were utilised to reconstruct palaeovegetation using fossil pollen data from four lake sediment sites within the ecotone. Holocene movements of the vegetation zones were derived from the above results and were interpreted as the results of climatic, topographic and edaphic factors. This study shows that climatic change was the driving factor for ecotonal movement, but that the positions of vegetational zones were nevertheless controlled by topographical and edaphic conditions, and consequently boundaries between different vegetational zones responded individualistically. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluid Discrimination Based on Inclusion-Based Method for Tight Sandstone Reservoirs

Surveys in Geophysics - Fluid discrimination is challenging for reservoir prediction, especially for tight sandstones with special petrophysical properties. In this paper, we first review the...     

Estimating the contribution of glacial meltwater to Ranwu Lake,a proglacial lake in SE Tibet,using observation data and stable isotopic analyses

It is important for both current monitoring and paleoenvironmental research conducted on proglacial lakes and their adjacent glaciers to clarify the hydrological processes operating on these lakes. However, in remote regions with limited accessibility it may be difficult to study hydrological processes by direct monitoring. In this study, we use measurements of stable isotopic compositions to trace the multiple water sources contributing to Ranwu Lake, a proglacial lake in south-eastern Tibet. Using stable isotopic data from precipitation, inflowing rivers and the lake water, a water and isotope mass balance modelling method was used to calculate the ratio of evaporation to input. Subsequently, using hydrological and climatic data for the outflow, the largest inflow and precipitation, other hydrological elements of the lake water balance were also calculated. The results demonstrate that the ratio of evaporation to inflow is as low as 0.009, the lowest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that Ranwu Lake is a through-flow lake with a very short retention time. Glacial meltwater accounts for at least 55% of total runoff, the highest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that the sediments of Ranwu Lake may have considerable potential for reconstructing variations in the activity of the local glaciers. Finally, we note that it may be inappropriate in this glacier-fed lake to use the intersection of the local meteoric water line with the lake water line for determining the isotopic composition of the input water, and this possibility must be carefully considered when stable isotope mass modelling is used in proglacial lakes.     

市(地)级人工增雨决策指挥系统

介绍了驻马店市人工增雨作业指挥系统的结构、技术要点、功能和应用情况。系统将作业需求分析、作业潜势预报、作业条件判别、作业现场指挥与反馈、作业效果分析评估、作业信息共享等功能有机地融合,为市、县增雨作业提供了可视化、可操作性强、自动化程度高的业务技术平台和决策指挥平台。     

网目调图像的数字化

讨论同目调图像的数字化,评述了随机挂网技术。