Preliminary results of the close-off depth and the stable isotopic records along a 109.91 m ice core from Dome A,Antarctica

A 109.91 m ice core was recovered from Dome A (or Dome Argus), the highest ice feature in Antarctica, during the 2004/05 austral summer by the 21st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-21). Both methane profile along the core and firn densification model calculation suggest that the close-off depth is at about 102.0 m with an ice age about 4200 a. Stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) of the chips samples produced during each run of ice core drilling at Dome A, together with those of the other co...     

昆仑8.1级地震同震形变特征及其对响应地震活动的制约机制

本文定义”响应地震”的概念统一表述昆仑山口西8.1级地震所引发的主破裂两侧临近构造及部分块体边界上的显著地震活动.其主体活动区域集中在昆仑地震主破裂的西南侧和东北侧及祁连山断裂.同时,地壳运动在主破裂北侧的甘青块体中西部出现与背景运动场反向的特征性变化,祁连山断裂出现应变弱化.弹性位移-应力阶跃模型模拟结果显示,昆仑地震造成其东北侧甘青块体中西部地壳运动的反向运动(相对背景场).并形成东北部和西南部两个体应变张性区域,绝大部分响应地震都发生在应变张性区中和块体张性边界上.这种强烈挤压剪切背景中出现的相对松弛状态与昆仑地震后青藏块体地震弱活动背景中出现的显著活跃的响应地震活动的正相关性可能反映了断层约束状态的相对减弱对滑动的触发作用.说明在考虑地震发生条件时,不能只着眼于应力场是否增强,断层摩擦强度,或更广义地说,构造约束条件的变化也是一个不容忽视的重要因素.     

井地地震CT成像数值模拟研究与应用

由井地地震CT成像原理决定,其在提高生产效率、降低生产成本和扩大勘察范围上具有突出优势.本文针对井地观测系统,重点通过对ART和SIRT重建方法进行数值模拟对比研究,分析得出二者在井地地震CT应用中的优缺点及适用条件,提出了如何提高影响成像质量的射线分布密度、均匀性和正交性.最后选择收敛快速稳定的SIRT算法应用于实际,取得良好的生产效果,很好的验证了井地CT成像技术的正确性,可行性和实用性.     

Liquefaction macrophenomena in the great Wenchuan earthquake

On May 12, 2008 at 14:28, a catastrophic magnitude M 8.0 earthquake struck the Sichuan Province of China.The epicenter was located at Wenchuan (31.00°N, 103.40°E). Liquefaction macrophenomena and corresponding destruction was observed throughout a vast area of 500 km long and 200 km wide following the earthquake. This paper illustrates the geographic distribution of the liquefaction and the relationship between liquefaction behavior and seismic intensity, and summarizes the liquefaction macrophenomena, including sandboils and waterspouts, ground subsidence, ground fissures etc., and relevant liquefaction features. A brief summary of the structural damage caused by liquefaction is presented and discussed. Based on comparisons with liquefaction phenomena observed in the 1976 Tangshan and 1975 Haicheng earthquakes, preliminary analyses were performed, which revealed some new features of liquefaction behavior and associated issues arising from this event. The site investigation indicated that the spatial non-uniformity of liquefaction distribution was obvious and most of the liquefied sites were located in regions of seismic intensity Ⅷ. However, liquefaction phenomena at ten different sites in regions of seismic intensity Ⅵ were also observed for the first time in China mainland. Sandboils and waterspouts ranged from centimeters to tens of meters, with most between 1 m to 3 m. Dramatically high water/sand ejections,e.g., more than 10 m, were observed at four different sites. The sand ejections included silty sand, fine sand, medium sand,course sand and gravel, but the ejected sand amount was less than that in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Possible liquefaction of natural gravel soils was observed for the first time in China mainland.     

试论岩土工程勘察报告的编写工作

岩土工程勘察报告是建筑地基基础设计和施工的重要依据。在保证外业和实验资料准确 可靠的基础上,文字报告和有关图表应按合理的程序编制。要重视现场编录、原位测试和实验资 料检查校核,使之相互吻合,相互印证。要根据岩土地质时代、成因类型、岩土性质、状态、岩 石风化程度和物理力学特征合理进行地基岩土分层。报告要充分搜集利用相关的工程地质资 料,做到内容齐全,论据充足,重点突出,正确评价建筑场地条件,地基岩土条件和特殊问题, 为工程设计和施工提供合理适用的建议。     

天然热释光技术在南海东部表层沉积物油气潜力勘查中的应用

应用热释光技术对南海东部海域(13.00°~22.00°N、117.00°~119°30′E)42个站位的表层沉积物样品进行分析测量,结合气烃组合指标C1/(C2+C3)及甲烷碳同位素判别地表气烃的成因类型,并有效指示了海底深部油气藏散失引起的放射性异常,研究还发现热释光在不同沉积粒径中的测试剂量不同,结果为黏土质粉砂大于砂质粉砂;热释光也与部分化学元素含量有关,与稀土金属Nb、金属元素Zr呈显著正相关,与微量元素S、Ba呈负相关;天然热释光还与不同区块的沉积物酸解气烃甲烷、丙烷、异丁烷呈强烈正相关。数理统计分析结果表明沉积物的热释光和气烃的异常值完全吻合。     

白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶的规模

白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶对白云岩体古岩溶储渗体的形成至关重要。表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶可形成地表残积层和表层之下大小不等的溶蚀空间。地表残积层与上覆盖层间可成为油气的储渗空间和通道,表层之下大小不等的溶蚀空间则可被塌积岩、冲积岩、填积岩和淀积岩充填,但其内常可保存部分孔隙,并为后来的埋藏溶解提供流体扩溶的初始空间和流体流动的通道。野外露头和井下岩心中的大量现象和事实说明,白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳的规模远小于石灰岩体。最主要原因是白云岩(石)可溶性远较石灰岩(方解石)小,同样组构的白云岩的物理力学强度亦较石灰岩小。白云岩体本身的岩性和组构、层理类型、泥质含量、构造裂隙的发育程度等都会影响裸露期古风化壳的规模。     

油田污水管道设备污损分析

根据实践经验并参考近10年来的文献,从工程技术角度分析了原油处理厂处理油田采出水时遇到的腐蚀和结垢问题,从污水水质、腐蚀形态和污垢形成3个方面阐述了管道设备污损现状和原因,并分别从应用耐蚀材料、阴极保护技术、改变水质和提高工程质量4个方面提出了应对方案。     

基于缓解沙漠高速公路风沙危害的路基参数优化——以榆靖高速公路为例

在沙漠地区修筑高速公路时,风沙对公路路基的危害是公路安全和运营的最大影响因子之一。为了寻求最适合沙漠地区高速公路风沙危害最经济的理论路基断面形式,通过对榆（林）靖（边）沙漠高速公路各种路基实测数据应用数学模型进行定量分析,查明了影响路基沙害程度的主要参数,提出了减少路基沙害程度的设计理念,并对不同路基形式的沙害程度进行了比较,给出了路基沙害程度较小的路基断面形式及参数值。研究成果对今后在沙漠地区修筑高速公路设计及施工具有一定的指导意义。