国外浅水反水雷的发展探究

水雷是具有战略威慑作用的常规兵器,在历次海战中均发挥着巨大作用,特别是在登陆作战时, 浅水水雷是抗登障碍物重要组成部分,能否快速清扫水雷直接影响着登陆作战的成败。海军在未来执行作战任务时,将不可避免遭遇到浅水水雷的威胁。针对浅水反水雷的需求,我国应加快推进浅水反水雷装备的研制,提升登陆作战时的反水雷能力。     

南海南部北康盆地中新世碳酸盐台地地震响应及分布特征

以大量高精度2D地震资料分析为基础,对北康盆地碳酸盐台地地震反射特征、演化期次及分布特征开展了系统研究。北康盆地碳酸盐台地自早中新世开始发育,中中新世广泛分布,而从晚中新世开始衰退淹没。中新世碳酸盐台地多为孤立台地,台地边缘常发育断层,台地顶部在地震剖面上多呈现为两条平行和亚平行强反射轴,内部呈杂乱和亚平行空白及弱反射轴,底部则多为一条光滑的平行和亚平行弱反射轴。北康盆地中新世碳酸盐台地发育可以划分为3个期次,第1期台地发育范围大且厚度较薄;第2期台地范围缩小,受到断层控制明显;第3期台地范围进一步缩小直至被淹没。北康盆地中新世碳酸盐台地主要为北东向和北西向,这与周边盆地和现今碳酸盐台地走向一致,其平面分布受到构造隆起和断裂的控制。     

Occurrence and conceptual sedimentary model of Cambrian gypsum-bearing evaporites in the Sichuan Basin,SW China

During the Cambrian, gypsum-bearing evaporites formed in the Sichuan Basin, SW China. These rocks are important for oil and gas sealing, but details of their distribution and origin are not well established. This study examines the regional distribution and origin of the gypsum-bearing evaporites using a comprehensive analysis of drilling data from 34 wells, 5 measured cross-sections in the basin and surrounding area, and 96 maps of area-survey data. Results show that in the stratigraphic succession, the gypsum-bearing evaporites occur mainly in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, the Middle Cambrian Douposi Formation, and the Middle-Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group. Geographically, the rocks are found mainly in the southeastern part of the basin, and the distribution of deposits shows an overall SW-NE trend. The sedimentary environments for evaporite formation were evaporative lagoon and inter-platform basin in a platform setting. Gypsum was generated by the underwater concentration of sea water in a strongly evaporative environment. Both an evaporative restricted platform and a mixeddeposition restricted platform model appear to be applicable to the development of gypsum in the Sichuan Basin. The gypsum-bearing evaporites with the best sealing capacity are located mostly in the southeastern part of the basin. These constraints can be applied directly to regional exploration, and have implications for the regional paleogeography and paleoclimate.     

国际城市地下空间开发利用现状、趋势与启示

城市地下空间开发是缓解“城市病”、实现城市可持续发展的重要举措。欧美等发达国家和地区已经积累了丰富的城市地下空间开发的经验和教训。通过调研国际上一些主要城市的地下空间开发利用状况,剖析了当前国际城市地下空间开发的现状、问题及发展趋势,以指导我国城市地下空间开发。目前,国际城市地下空间开发形成了以缓解城市交通拥堵、扩大城市生存空间、建立集约型城市、构建舒适宜居城市环境为导向的开发模式,并以建设绿色、智慧的立体化城市为未来的发展趋势。我国应在充分吸收和学习国际上城市地下空间开发的经验和教训基础上,结合自身城市特点,高质量开发城市地下空间。     

基于不等式约束的三维电阻率探测混合反演方法

三维电阻率探测的线性反演和非线性反演中均存在着多解性的固有难题.电阻率线性反演方法的效率较高,但反演结果对初始模型的依赖性较强,易陷入局部极小;而非线性反演方法不依赖初始模型,但搜索效率极低,尚未见到关于三维电阻率非线性反演的文献.针对上述问题,融合线性与非线性反演方法的互补优势,提出了最小二乘法（线性方法）与改进遗传算法（非线性方法）相结合的混合反演方法的概念和思想.首先,提出了将介质电阻率变化范围作为不等式约束引入反演方程的思路,以实现压制多解性、提高可靠性的目标.提出了宽松不等式约束和基于钻孔推断的局部严格不等式约束的获取及定义方法.在此基础上,分别提出了基于不等式约束的最小二乘线性反演方法和遗传算法非线性反演方法.其次,对于遗传算法在变异搜索方向控制、初始群体产生等方面进行了改进,优化了其搜索方向和初始群体多样性.然后,提出了混合反演方法及其实现方案,利用改进遗传算法进行第一阶段反演,发挥其对初始模型的依赖程度低的优势,搜索到最优解附近的空间,输出当前最优个体;利用最小二乘法进行第二阶段反演,将遗传算法得到的当前最优个体作为初始模型,在最优解附近空间执行高效率的局部线性搜索,最终实现地电结构的三维成像.最后,开展了合成数据与实际工程算例验证,与传统最小二乘方法进行了对比,发现混合反演方法在压制多解性、摆脱初始模型依赖和提高反演效果方面有较好效果.

     

完善综合监测预警系统提高海洋环境监控能力

自1996年江苏省实施“海上苏东”战略以来,南通市海洋经济以年均16%以上的增长率迅速发展,至2004年,全市海洋经济总产值达到226亿元,海洋经济已成为南通市国民经济发展的一条亮丽的风景线。然而,当前全市海洋经济占比达43.6%的海洋渔业经济遭受了极大挑战。2004年,南通市海洋渔业两大主导产品——条斑紫菜与文蛤同期发生重大病灾,造成经济损失1亿余元。群发性上访等事件给整个社会带来了诸多不稳定因素,海洋渔业经济的管理也陷入了被动应付的困境。引发紫菜与文蛤重大病灾的因子较多,海洋生态环境恶化是其中一个极为重要的因素。面对海洋渔…     

空间信息网络服务中的数据安全策愀

以地理信息网络服务的安全策略为研究对象,根据我国空间数据生产到应用整个流程保密管理规定,研究地理空间数据在存储、分发、传输、表现以及与其他系统集成应用阶段上的安全策略,解决地理空间数据共享与空间数据安全之间的矛盾。     

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.     

基于点云滤波的DOM自动生产算法

针对目前生产高精度DOM生成效率低、人工编辑干预较大等现状,提出了一种基于点云滤波的DOM自动生产方式。该方法通过对空三解算后的影像匹配密集点云DSM,使用基于TIN的加密滤波方式进行滤波计算,解决了滤波后空洞区域插值问题,制作出满足微分纠正需求的DEM模型,并基于该模型进行微分纠正生成DOM成果。通过选取ISPRS城区试验数据和实际工程山区数据进行验证,证明该算法不仅提高了效率,同时优化了成果质量,DOM成果精度符合规范要求。