东昆仑成矿带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成矿地质条件与成矿规律

东昆仑成矿带是我国重要的Au-Cu-Co-Ni-Fe-Pb-Zn及其他多金属成矿带,2011年夏日哈木超大型镍矿床的发现使东昆仑一跃成为我国重要的铜镍资源基地。经过多年的勘查,东昆仑成矿带Cu-Ni找矿取得了较大突破,陆续发现了一批具有较大找矿潜力的岩体,如石头坑德、阿克楚克塞、浪木日和尕牙河等岩体。笔者依据近些年研究的成果对东昆仑成矿带岩浆铜镍矿床的成矿规律和成矿特征作初步总结,并指出下一步找矿方向。形成的主要认识如下：东昆仑造山带至少发生了4期强度不等的Cu-Ni-Co-(PGE)成矿事件,分别为寒武纪—奥陶纪(535～445 Ma)、志留纪—泥盆纪(440～394 Ma)、二叠纪—早三叠世(271～239 Ma)与晚三叠世(233～208 Ma),其中志留纪—泥盆纪的岩体数量最多、矿化率最高,产出的矿床数量多、规模也最大,而其他期次岩体的数量少、规模小与矿化弱;与其他成矿期的岩体零星分布于整个东昆仑成矿带不同,志留纪—泥盆纪岩体严格产在昆中断裂以北,又以昆中带数量最多,丛聚性明显;成矿具有显著的专属性,成矿岩体均以杂岩体产出,岩相发育齐全,富含贵橄榄石和斜方辉石的超镁铁质岩是最重...     

青海省巴斯湖铅锌矿床M9矿体成因探讨——流体包裹体和H-O-S同位素约束

巴斯湖铅锌矿床位于三江多金属成矿带北段的青海省沱沱河地区,M9铅锌矿体赋存于下二叠统九十道班组碎裂蚀变灰岩和泥晶灰岩中,主控矿构造为切割地层的NWW向断裂构造。成矿过程分为石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ）、石英-重晶石-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ）和碳酸盐-石英阶段（Ⅲ）3个阶段。成矿流体包裹体以气液两相为主,成矿Ⅰ阶段均一温度为315.1~365.9℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为8.81%~11.46%;成矿Ⅱ阶段均一温度为231.1~294.3℃,盐度为4.80%~10.49%;成矿Ⅲ阶段均一温度为155.1~233.7℃,盐度为2.41%~6.88%。成矿流体为典型的中温、低盐度流体,均一温度和盐度从成矿早期到晚期逐渐降低。H-O同位素数据显示成矿流体为岩浆水和大气水的混合水,早期主要为岩浆水,晚期有大气降水的混入;S同位素数据显示成矿物质来源与新生代深部钾质岩浆活动有关。巴斯湖铅锌矿床M9矿体成因类型为中温热液脉型,形成于印度-欧亚板块晚碰撞造山作用引起的伸展环境。     

U–Pb dating and geochemistry of granite porphyry dykes in the Xicha gold–(silver) deposit,southern Jilin Province,China, and their metallogenic significance

Acta Geochimica - We report U–Pb dating of zircon, as well as geochemical and Hf isotope data, in order to constrain the formation time, magma source, and tectonic setting of granite porphyry...     

大兴安岭北段小柯勒河花岗斑岩脉成因及地质意义:锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素制约

为了探讨大兴安岭北段小柯勒河花岗斑岩脉的岩石成因、构造背景及地质意义,本文对其进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学与Hf同位素的研究。岩石地球化学结果显示：花岗斑岩富硅（w（SiO₂）为69.85%~70.48%）、富碱（w（Na₂O+K₂O）为9.74%~9.89%）,贫镁（w（MgO）为0.34%~0.40%）、贫钙（w（CaO）为1.04%~1.20%）,A/CNK为0.98~1.02,属于准铝质-弱过铝质系列岩石;具有轻稀土元素富集和重稀土元素亏损的特征,中等Eu负异常,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和高场强元素Th、U、Hf、Zr,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P。花岗斑岩中的10⁴Ga/Al值为2.32~3.68,分异指数I_D为87.63~89.01。综合分析认为小柯勒河花岗斑岩属于分异的I型花岗岩。花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为（124.0±0.6）Ma,属于早白垩世晚期。锆石ε_Hf（t）值为0.5~3.3,二阶段Hf同位素模式年龄T_DM2为1 150~970 Ma。结合岩石地球化学特征分析认为花岗斑岩源岩为由亏损地幔衍生的中-新元古代新增生地壳部分熔融的产物,并有少量古老地壳物质的加入。该花岗斑岩形成于早白垩世晚期蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合背景下的伸展环境,此时太平洋板块持续向欧亚大陆俯冲,但对本区影响有限。     

东昆仑埃坑德勒斯特二长花岗岩岩石地球化学特征及岩石成因

埃坑德勒斯特铜（钼）矿是近年来在东昆仑地区发现的斑岩型铜（钼）矿,矿区位于东昆南复合拼贴带内,花岗斑岩及外围碎裂的二长花岗岩是主要的赋矿围岩。对二长花岗岩进行了岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究,讨论了岩浆来源、岩石成因和构造背景。研究表明,岩石富硅,相对富钠贫钙和镁,属钙碱性过铝质系列岩石。岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素（K、Ba、Rb）和活泼的不相容元素（如Th、U）,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、P、Ti）。样品的ISr值为0.707 05~0.707 37,εNd（t）为-2.2~-1.6,Rb/Sr为0.17~0.32,反映岩浆来源具壳幔混合特点。根据Y+Nb-Rb、La/Nb-Ba/Nb等判别图解及与俯冲有关的蛇绿岩带发育特征,表明该岩体形成于安第斯型活动大陆边缘环境。俯冲作用导致俯冲板片的流体降低熔点和直接交代地幔,使地幔部分熔融形成基性岩浆。幔源岩浆底侵作用提供热能,使基性下地壳物质部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,其中混入了少量幔源岩浆。     

青海湟中县三岔金矿流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

三岔金矿位于中祁连新元古代-早古生代中晚期岩浆弧带,是一个陆块与岩浆弧叠置的构造单元。本文在详细的野外矿床地质研究的基础上,开展了与金成矿密切相关的各期流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、包裹体成分的LRM、碳-氢-氧同位素等方面的分析对比研究工作。结果表明：早期成矿阶段的隐爆石英角砾岩流体包裹体发育气液两相、含子矿物三相和富液相CO₂包裹体,均一温度集中于200~280℃,盐度（w（NaCl））集中于6.00%~18.00%,密度集中于0.64~0.73 g/cm³;主成矿阶段的黄铁绢英岩主要发育气液两相包裹体,均一温度集中于160~240℃,盐度为2.00%~6.00%,密度为0.80~0.95 g/cm³;晚期的石英脉阶段主要发育气液两相包裹体,均一温度主要集中在120~190℃,盐度为2.00%~6.00%,密度为0.76~0.86 g/cm³。碳-氢-氧同位素组成揭示三岔矿床的成矿流体早期主要以岩浆水为主,至演化后期,成矿流体有大气水加入;硫同位素研究反映了成矿物质深源性特征。因此,认为三岔矿床属中温热液脉型矿床。     

黑龙江省五道岭地区花岗斑岩地球化学特征及地质意义

五道岭钼矿床是伊春—延寿成矿带上最南部的矽卡岩型矿床。本次工作通过调研矿床寄主岩石边缘的花岗斑岩发现,花岗斑岩与赋矿正长花岗岩不仅形成时代一致,还存在岩石地球化学的相似性:花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年代学显示其形成时代为(194.1±2.0)Ma,寄主岩石正长花岗岩形成时代为(193.9±1.3)Ma;花岗斑岩为I型向A型花岗岩过渡的岩石类型,更趋近于A型花岗岩,正长花岗岩属于典型的A型花岗岩,且两者均为高Si、富K-Na、富Al的高钾钙碱性-弱碱性、准铝-过铝质的岩石,具有富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti等特点,两者微量和稀土元素分布趋势一致,显示它们可能是同源岩浆的产物。花岗斑岩的初始Sr比值~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr为0.723 123,结合区域地质演化特征认为,五道岭花岗质岩体可能形成于古太平洋板块俯冲挤压后期的伸展环境,矽卡岩型钼矿床的成矿作用或许与花岗斑岩的侵入密切相关,暗示区域上存在这期花岗斑岩成矿的可能性。     

Geochemistry,U-Pb,Hf isotopic characteristics and geological significance of Zhalaxiageyong trachydacite in Tuotuohe area,Qinghai

The Zhalaxiageyong lead-zinc-copper polymetallic deposit is a typical porphyry deposit of the Tuotuohe area. Whole-rock geochemical analyses,Zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis are undertaken for the ore host trachydacite with the aim of constraining its petrogenesis,magma source and regional tectonic setting.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the trachydacite was formed in 32. 68 ± 0. 50 Ma( MSWD =1. 6),i. e.,Oligocene. The trachydacite is rich in potassium and poor in Mg#( 5. 10-9. 70),belonging to the peraluminous shoshonite series. The rocks are enriched in LILE( large ion lithophile elements) Rb,Ba,K and LREE,depleted in HFSE( high field strength elements) Nb,Ta,P,Ti,with high Sr and low Y and Yb,having the characteristics of the C type adakite. It is calculated that the initial εHf( t) of the zircons range from-0. 92 to 2. 07 and their two-stage Hf model ages T_(DM2) range from 978 Ma to 1 169 Ma. The magma source should be mainly the partially melt mafic rocks of the thickened Middle Neoproterozoic lower crust of the Northern Qiangtang massif with the addition of ancient aluminosilica material in the melting process. The rocks formed in the tectonic setting of delamination of lithosphere and extension of the thickened crust. During the period of 40-32 Ma,large-scale potassium rich alkaline magmatism occurred in this area. The porphyry metallogenesis is related to the magmatic activities in this period.     

Mineralization events in the Xiaokele porphyry Cu (–Mo) deposit,NE China: Evidence from zircon U–Pb and K‐feldspar Ar–Ar geochronology and petrochemistry

The Great Xing'an Range (GXR), Northeast (NE) China, is a major polymetallic metallogenic belt in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The newly discovered Xiaokele porphyry Cu (–Mo) deposit lies in the northern GXR. Field geological and geochronological studies have revealed two mineralization events in this deposit: early porphyry‐type Cu (–Mo) mineralization, and later vein‐type Cu mineralization. Previous geochronological studies yielded an age of ca. 147 Ma for the early Cu (–Mo) mineralization. Our ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating yielded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of 124.8 ± 0.4 to 124.3 ± 0.4 Ma on K‐feldspar in altered Cu‐mineralized diorite porphyrite dikes that represent the overprinting vein‐type Cu mineralization, consistent with zircon U–Pb ages of the diorite porphyrite (126.4 ± 0.5 to 125.0 ± 0.5 Ma). The Cr and Ni contents and Mg^# of the Xiaokele diorite porphyrites are high. The diorite porphyrites at Xiaokele are enriched in light rare‐earth elements (REEs), and large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, Ba, and K), are depleted in heavy REEs and high‐field‐strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti), and have weak negative ε_Hf(t) values (+0.29 to +5.27) with two‐stage model ages (T_DM2) of 1,164–845 Ma. Given the regional tectonic setting in Early Cretaceous, the ore‐bearing diorite porphyrites were likely formed in an extensional environment related to lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling induced by subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. These tectonic events caused large‐scale magmatic activity, ore mineralization, and lithospheric thinning in NE China.     

Thoughts and effects for substituted resource prospecting in Laozuoshan gold deposit in Heilongjiang

According to the Geological settings and the distributed laws of ore bodies and previous research results, combining with latest theories and new methods of geological prospecting, the authors proposed prospecting thoughts for substituted resources in Laozuoshan gold deposit. After ore prospecting in two years, nine new blind ore bodies were found, among which four ore bodies contain 4218.1 kg inferred intrinsic economic resources (333), and mitigate the crisis situation of mine reserves. At the same time, lots of significant geophysical and geochemical anomalies were found in the peripheral, which provide a basis for further prospecting.