天然勃姆石热相变体γ－Al_2O_3阴离子交换－吸附模式的研究

天然勃姆石热相变体γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３第一次与含某些阴离子的化合物溶液接触时,可对这些阴离子及其配对的阳离子产生吸附作用,一旦γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３已经吸附了某些化合物,再与另外一种化合物的溶液接触时,那么,γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３吸附的阴离子及其配对的阳离于均具有可置换性。因此,γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３既具有阴离于交换－吸附性能,又具有阳离子交换－吸附性能。这种特性具有潜在应用前景。     

华南地区晚三叠世含煤岩系层序—古地理

在对露头及钻孔剖面沉积特征研究的基础上,建立了华南地区晚三叠世含煤岩系层序地层格架,恢复了基于三级层序的岩相古地理,并分析了聚煤规律。根据岩相特征及岩相组合类型,在区内晚三叠世含煤地层中识别出陆相和海陆过渡相两大沉积类型,并可进一步识别出冲积扇、河流(包括辫状河和曲流河)、三角洲、湖泊、潮坪—潟湖、滨海平原和滨浅海等7种沉积类型。陆相沉积主要发育在上扬子地区的四川盆地;海陆过渡相沉积主要发育在东南部湘赣粤滨浅海。在晚三叠世含煤岩系中识别出区域性不整合面和构造应力转换面、砂砾岩体底部冲刷面和岩性突变面等类型的层序界面,将含煤岩系划分为5个三级层序。以三级层序为古地理作图单元,恢复了研究区的古地理格局。由煤层厚度与岩相古地理平面展布规律可知,最有利的成煤环境为三角洲沉积体系,其次为河流、潮坪—潟湖沉积体系,聚煤中心主要分部在四川盆地的乐威煤田以及华蓥山煤田、湘赣粤滨浅海地区的湘东南至赣西萍乡一带。     

利用GPS拖体在万山区域测量平均海面技术研究

Wanshan area has been chosen to be the specified field to calibrate and validate(Cal/Val) the HY-2 altimeter and its follow-on satellites. In March 2018, an experiment has been conducted to determine the sea surface height(SSH) under the HY-2 A ground track(Pass No. 203). A GPS towing-body(GPS-TB) was designed to measure the SSH covering an area of about 6 km×28 km wide centered on the HY-2 A altimeter satellite ground track. Three GPS reference stations, one tide gauge and a GPS buoy were placed in the research area, in order to process and resolve the kinematic solution and check the precision of the GPS-TB respectively. All the GPS data were calculated by the GAMIT/GLOBK software and TRACK module. The sea surface was determined by the GPS-TB solution and the tide gauge placed on Zhiwan Island. Then the sea surface of this area was interpolated by Arc GIS10.2 with ordinary Kriging method. The results showed that the precision of the GPS-TB is about 1.10 cm compared with the tide gauge placed nearby, which has an equivalent precision with the GPS buoy. The interpolated sea surface has a bias of –1.5–4.0 cm with standard deviation of 0.2–2.4 cm compared with the checking line. The gradient of the measured sea surface is about 1.62 cm/km along the HY-2 orbit which shows a good agreement compared with the CLS11 mean sea surface(MSS). In the Cal/Val of satellites, the sea surface between the tide gauge/GPS buoy and the footprint of altimeter can be improved by this work.     

华南晚二叠世层序—古地理及聚煤规律*

晚二叠世是地质历史中重要的成煤时期,在中国南方多个省区都形成了可采煤层。受海平面变化的影响,华南地区晚二叠世发育一套完整的陆相—海陆过渡相—海相含煤岩系。通过对野外露头及钻孔剖面资料分析,识别出了区域不整合面、下切谷底部冲刷面、河道间古土壤层和沉积相转换面等关键层序地层界面,以及依据海相石灰岩标志层横向分布规律反映的区域最大海泛面,同时结合前人关于华南地区地层对比及煤层对比方面的成果,将华南上二叠统划分为3个三级层序及9个体系域。利用单因素分析多因素综合作图法恢复了各层序中岩相古地理及煤层分布规律,结果表明:层序Ⅰ中煤层主要形成于潮控下三角洲平原以及潟湖潮坪环境,厚煤层的展布受这些沉积相带控制;层序Ⅱ中三角洲平原环境中煤层最厚,开阔台地煤层最薄,平面上煤层厚度表现为西部厚、中部次之、东部无煤的阶梯式递变;层序Ⅲ中煤层主要形成于三角洲平原环境,此时聚煤作用主要发生于华南西部的康滇古陆东侧,在华南中部及东部大部地区发育的浅海台地和深水盆地均不利于聚煤作用发生。     

近54年阿勒泰地区夏季极端降水事件气候特征

本文采用阿勒泰地区7个国家级气象站近54a(1960～2013年)夏季(6～8月)的日有效降水量（20～20h降水量≥0.1mm）资料,用WMO推荐的百分位法计算了全地区过去54a夏季极端强降水的阈值、进一步分析了当地夏季时空分布特征及变化趋势,结果表明：阿勒泰地区夏季极端强降水阈值呈西部、南部小,北部、东部大,并且空间异常分布特征如下: 夏季以及夏季各月的极端强降水日数和强度均可总结出5种最主要模型;极端强降水量可总结出8种最主要模型;并且通过时间标准化序列分析各种模型都有对应的降水日数、量级、强度明显偏多（强）和偏少（弱）的时段。日数、量级、强度近54a来,除吉木乃略有下降以外,其余各县（市）均为增长趋势,尤其是北部、东部地区.同时上述三指标存在着显著的年代际和年纪尺度的周期变化,上世纪90年代和2010年至今为三个指标最多(强)的年代,而上世纪70年代为最少（最差）的年代.并通过周期分析（小波分析）可知,均有对应的显著变化周期。     

基于D-InSAR技术的地质灾害和监测预警

地质灾害的监测和灾害隐患的排查一直是近年来受到国家重视的问题,而自然灾害如暴雨、洪涝、台风等也是引发泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害的重要因素之一.2019-08-10,"利奇马"台风登陆浙江,其带来的暴雨、洪涝等自然灾害造成了大量的人员伤亡、经济损失以及次生地质灾害.根据InSAR技术覆盖范围广、不受云雾雨雪天气影响等特点,使用2景Sentinel-1A数据,采用双轨D-InSAR方法对浙江省的南部地区进行台风受灾前后的地表形变监测,得到研究区域在2019-07-28—08-21的形变情况,同时对研究区域中下沉量级较大、出现异常的区域进行排查,并和G PS结果进行比对,最终找到地质灾害发生区域和隐患区域,为浙江省地质灾害监测和排查提供数据支持.     

Disaggregating and mapping crop statistics using hypertemporal remote sensing

Governments compile their agricultural statistics in tabular form by administrative area, which gives no clue to the exact locations where specific crops are actually grown. Such data are poorly suited for early warning and assessment of crop production. 10-Daily satellite image time series of Andalucia, Spain, acquired since 1998 by the SPOT Vegetation Instrument in combination with reported crop area statistics were used to produce the required crop maps. Firstly, the 10-daily (1998–2006) 1-km resolution SPOT-Vegetation NDVI-images were used to stratify the study area in 45 map units through an iterative unsupervised classification process. Each unit represents an NDVI-profile showing changes in vegetation greenness over time which is assumed to relate to the types of land cover and land use present. Secondly, the areas of NDVI-units and the reported cropped areas by municipality were used to disaggregate the crop statistics. Adjusted R-squares were 98.8% for rainfed wheat, 97.5% for rainfed sunflower, and 76.5% for barley. Relating statistical data on areas cropped by municipality with the NDVI-based unit map showed that the selected crops were significantly related to specific NDVI-based map units. Other NDVI-profiles did not relate to the studied crops and represented other types of land use or land cover. The results were validated by using primary field data. These data were collected by the Spanish government from 2001 to 2005 through grid sampling within agricultural areas; each grid (block) contains three 700 m × 700 m segments. The validation showed 68%, 31% and 23% variability explained (adjusted R-squares) between the three produced maps and the thousands of segment data. Mainly variability within the delineated NDVI-units caused relatively low values; the units are internally heterogeneous. Variability between units is properly captured. The maps must accordingly be considered “small scale maps”. These maps can be used to monitor crop performance of specific cropped areas because of using hypertemporal images. Early warning thus becomes more location and crop specific because of using hypertemporal remote sensing.     

暗支撑剪力墙非线性分析模型

建立了适合于带暗支撑剪力墙非线性分析的宏观单元模型,分别用带斜杆的多垂直杆单元模型和模拟框架单元模型对2个带暗支撑剪力墙进行了静力弹塑性分析,给出了模拟框架单元模型的刚度矩阵和杆件非线性力-变形关系,对两种不同单元模型的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明该两种模型能够较好反映带暗支撑剪力墙的弹性和塑性阶段的受力特点。     

带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构弹塑性地震反应分析

在试验研究的基础上,本文建立了带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构的弹塑性时程分析力学模型。运用DRAIN2D 程序,对带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构及普通短肢剪力墙结构进行了弹塑性地震反应时程分析,对二者计算的结果进行了比较。计算分析表明,带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构的地震反应,明显小于不带暗支撑的普通短肢剪力墙结构。     

底部加强型工字形钢管混凝土柱抗震性能研究

提出了工字型截面钢管混凝土柱,同时提出了一种在柱底部区域翼缘贴焊钢板的底部加强型工字形截面钢管混凝土柱。进行了3个不同构造的工字形钢管混凝土柱模型的低周反复荷载试验,模型1为普通工字形钢管混凝土柱,模型2为工字形截面两翼缘外侧贴焊钢板的钢管混凝土柱,模型3为工字形截面两翼缘周边均贴焊钢板的钢管混凝土柱。分析了各模型的破坏特征、承载力、刚度及退化过程、延性和滞回耗能特性。给出了工字形钢管混凝土柱正截面及斜截面承载力计算公式,计算结果与实测符合较好。研究表明:所提出的底部加强型工字形钢管混凝土柱与普通工字形钢管混凝土柱相比,承载力明显提高,延性和抗震耗能能力显著提高。