纳米镍-铁去除四氯乙烯的影响因素

氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法需要很长时间与大量经费。本文利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,暴露后的纳米镍铁脱氯速率比不暴露时速率降低约4倍;反应温度是影响反应速率的重要因素之一,每升高10℃,反应速率常数kSA提高2～3倍;在一定范围内,镍/铁质量比越高,越利于脱氯反应的快速进行,镍/铁的质量比为8%左右时,对氯代烃脱氯速率最快;反应液中的溶解氧不利于纳米颗粒对氯代烃的降解。     

流域水资源冲突网上谈判支持系统分析与设计

对于目前普遍存在的流域水资源冲突问题，将谈判支持系统引入到流域水资源谈判中来，建立一种面向解决流域水资源冲突的网上谈判支持系统；运用软件工程的方法和理论对该系统进行了系统分析与框架设计。流域水资源冲突网上谈判支持系统是一种利用先进的计算机和信息技术，辅助谈判中的一方或各方公正合理地解决争议的计算机辅助决策支持系统，其为缓解和解决存在的或是潜在的水资源冲突提供了一种新的思路和方法。并且丰富了流域水资源集成管理的理论与应用手段。     

泉州市城市化进程中的热岛效应遥感研究

利用Landsat TM/ETM+ 热红外图像研究了泉州市1989~2000年间城市热岛的分布与变化情况。研究表明，泉州市热岛面积随城市扩展而增大，并与城市扩展方向和发展趋势相同。对不同时相的热力场进行正规化处理以克服不同季节间的温度差异，便于进行比较，并采用景观分析方法对泉州市热力场的形态、特征进行了分析，发现其主要由热团、热环和碎片体组成，最后，提出了治理和改善泉州市热岛效应的有效措施。     

黑龙江森林沼泽区地球化学亚景观类型划分

森林沼泽景观区条件复杂,亚景观类型众多,长期以来一直缺少大面积区域性的地球化学景观研究工作。根据黑龙江森林沼泽区的特点,从研究森林沼泽区风化作用的主要形式和影响因素出发,对黑龙江森林沼泽区亚景观类型进行了划分。     

Shinkansen high-speed train induced ground vibrations in view of viaduct–ground interaction

Train viaduct behavior and nearby ground motion under the high-speed train passage have been studied in this paper. First, the findings from the field measurement alongside the high-speed Shinkansen railway in Japan are interpreted. Then, the computer simulation is made based on the soil-foundation-viaduct interaction analysis under moving axle loads. The solution method is to apply the dynamic substructure method in the frequency domain. The viaduct girders including track structure and pier supports are modeled by the three-dimensional beam-column elements. The supporting pile foundation and nearby field are discretized by the axisymmetric three-dimensional finite elements and analyzed in a semi-analytical way, with a transmitting boundary replacing the far field based on the thin layer element method. Nearby ground motion during train passage on a viaduct have been calculated by superimposing the effects from neighboring pile foundations.The main parameters affecting viaduct vibrations are discussed by taking environmental vibration into consideration. The nearby ground motion along the viaduct is recomputed by applying the above determined forces to the foundation tops. The results from numerical studies are compared with the field test data, thus proving the present simulation to be effective and reliable.     

全国锡钨矿分析学术交流会资料摘要选登

铍-铬天青S-乳化剂OP三元络合物分光光度法测定锡石单矿物中微量铍 云南省地质矿产局实验室 范慰全 陶祯燕 本文介绍了Be-CAS-OP三元络合物在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系中,有EDTA存在时,阴阳离子在限量范围内可以不经萃取面直接测定。对于铍含量在0.001％以上的样品,只需用数十毫克样品即可测定。其灵敏度比Be-CAS二元络合物要提高13倍。     

2007—2013年浙江省雷电灾害特征统计分析

In order to provide scientific references for lightning protection, the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning disasters and the characteristics in different industries are analyzed based on the lightning disaster data during 2007-2013 and specifications for statistic of lightning disaster state(QX/T 1912013) in Zhejiang province, from aspects of grade, time, space, casualty, damaged industry and facility, etc. The result shows that there are 3395 lightning disasters in Zhejiang province during 2007-2013, and June to August is the peak time. Besides, lightning disasters have strong regional characteristics, which are higher in Hangzhou, Jinhua and Lishui, and the lowest in Zhoushan. The injuries and deaths caused by lightning shows decreasing tendency from 2007 to 2013, and the number is higher in the rural than in city. The dangerous regions where injuries and deaths may caused by lightning are buildings without lightning protection systems, temporary buildings and structures, open area, or under trees. Lightning disaster are most harmful to the industries of manufacturing, rural residences, production and supply industries of electric power, gas and water, and telecommunication, while the greatest loss of economy is in the industries of manufacturing, rural residences, production and supply industries of electric power, gas and water.     

Assessment of the Summer South Asian High in Eighteen CMIP5 Models

The South Asian High(SAH) is one of the most important components of the Asian summer monsoon system. To understand the ability of state-of-the-art general circulation models(GCMs) to capture the major characteristics of the SAH, the authors evaluate 18 atmospheric models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5/Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5/AMIP). Results show that the multi-model ensemble(MME) mean is able to capture the climatological pattern of the SAH, although its intensity is slightly underestimated. For the interannual variability of the SAH, the MME exhibits good correlation with the reanalysis for the area and intensity index, but poor skill in capturing the east-west oscillation of the SAH. For the interdecadal trend, the MME shows pronounced increasing trends from 1985 to 2008 for the area and intensity indexes, which is consistent with the reanalysis, but fails to capture the westward shift of the SAH center. The individual models show different capacities for capturing climatological patterns, interannual variability, and interdecadal trends of the SAH. Several models fail to capture the climatological pattern, while one model overestimates the intensity of the SAH. Most of the models show good correlations for interannual variability, but nearly half exhibit high root-mean-square difference(RMSD) values. Six models successfully capture the westward shift of the SAH center in the interdecadal trends, while other models fail. The possible causes of the systematic biases involved in several models are also discussed.     

5种光合有效辐射表性能测试

为认识和提高光合有效辐射 (波长为400~700 nm) 的测量精度,对国内外5种常用的光合有效辐射表的灵敏度、余弦响应、非线性、温度依赖性、光谱响应等性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明: 5种光合有效辐射表 (简称光合表) 的非线性误差均在1%以内; 3种光合表 (PAR LITE,LI-190和FS-PR) 的余弦误差均小于10%,温度系数均小于0.3%/℃,2种光合表 (TRT-5和HSC-FPH-1) 的余弦误差明显偏大,温度系数小于0.5%/℃。2种光合表 (PAR LITE和LI-190) 的光谱响应曲线接近于理想光谱,而其余3种光合表与理想光谱曲线偏离较大。在自然光下的一致性比对测量结果显示,5种光合表测量的辐射量与标准值的误差均在5%以内,但综合评价后认为,3种光合表 (PAR LITE,LI-190和FS-PR) 的性能明显优于其他2种光合表 (TRT-5和HSC-FPH-1)。该结果可为气象观测业务选型提供参考。