Distribution and provenance of detrital minerals in southern coast of Shandong Peninsula

Detrital minerals of 137 offshore and 22 river sediment samples collected from Qingdao coastal areas have been analyzed. Four mineral assemblage provinces can be classified by Q-mode cluster analysis. Factor analysis identifies two major factors that account for the total variability in most common minerals: 1) based on the relationship of quartz, hornblende, actinolite, micas, and authigenic pyrite, 41.55% of the variability is related to sediment sources; 2) based on the relationship of epidote, garnet, sphere, and ilmenite, 23.21% can be related to strong hydrodynamic conditions that control transport and sedimentation. By comparing mineral compositions of river waters in the study area, the following four mineral provenances can be identified. The Qingdao-Laoshan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-epidote-hornblende-limenite-limonite-sphene assemblage, which is largely attributed to relict sediment and coastal erosion. The Jimo-Haiyang nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-limonite-mica-actinolite assemblage, derived largely from the Wulong River and Rushan River, and is also affected by the Huanghe River, while the Qianliyan Island area in the deeper offshore area separated by a mud belt has a similar assemblage. The Haiyang-Rushan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-micas-limonite assemblage, indicating multiple sources from the Rushan River, the Wulong River, the Huanghe River, and coastal erosion. The central area, located in an eddy center, has a mica-authigenic pyrite-hornblende-quartzfeldspar assemblage, indicating multiple sources dominated by Huanghe River distal sediments.     

Establishing a Clean‐quality Indicator System for Evaluating Reclaimed Land in the Antaibao Opencast Mine Area,China

This article discusses the existing problems associated with reclaimed land in the area of the Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine, which is located in the semi‐arid region of northwest China. The following eight indicators of the suitability of the reclaimed land were developed based on the theory of soil genesis and landscape ecology: the thickness of the effective soil layer, composition of the soil surface, vegetation index, types of covering vegetation, slope of the terrain, time of reclamation, area of the evaluation unit, and the shape index of the evaluation unit. The suitability evaluation indexes of the reclaimed land were determined using the 3S technology and fuzzy evaluation methods, which revealed that the suitability of the reclaimed land in the study area could be divided into six grades and two categories, land suitable for farming, and land suitable for trees or grass. The suitability evaluation indicators and evaluation methods developed to evaluate reclaimed land in this study will be beneficial to the large‐scale rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.     

Crystallisation conditions (T, P, fO2) from mineral chemistry of Cu- and Au-mineralised alkaline intrusions in the Red River–Jinshajiang alkaline igneous belt, western Yunnan Province, China

The Oligocene Yao’an syenite porphyry, associated with gold mineralisation, and the Machangqing alkali granite porphyry–monzonite porphyry, associated with Cu mineralisation, belong to the Red River–Jinshajiang alkaline igneous belt that formed in a continental setting in southwestern China. A study of the mineral chemistry of major silicate minerals in these two mineralised intrusions provides insights into their overall crystallisation conditions. The temperature and pressure conditions, derived from amphibole–plagioclase and perthite–plagioclase geothermometry and Al-in-amphibole barometry, suggest that the Yao’an intrusion crystallised at around 820?±?50°C and 0.9–1.3 kbar, whereas the Machangqing intrusion crystallised at around 730?±?50°C and 2.2–2.8 kbar. The higher temperature and lower pressure of crystallisation for the Yao’an intrusion relative to the Machangqing intrusion indicates that it was emplaced at a shallower crustal level. Based on biotite composition, the two intrusions formed under imposed oxygen fugacities above the Ni–NiO buffer (NNO), and the Yao’an intrusion crystallised under more oxidising conditions than the Machangqing intrusion. The results show that the intrusions associated with Cu–Au mineralisation in the Red River–Jinshajiang alkaline igneous belt were emplaced at a relatively high fO₂, which, together with the weakly fractionated magma, favoured Au enrichment relative to Cu in the belt.     

莫尔包络线对数模型方程的建立与应用

从研究岩石破坏机理着手,结合室内相关岩石力学试验,建立莫尔包络线对数模型方程,并对其进行参数率定,得出应用范围、变化趋势和岩石的破坏机制,简化岩石破坏强度的研究,可推广到其它的岩石力学实验中。     

原油裂解过程中正构烷烃的组成变化特征及其地球化学意义

采用高温模拟技术,对原油样品进行模拟实验,并对其裂解过程中正构烷烃的组成和变化特征进行了地球化学研究。结果表明,原油大量裂解生成气态烃之前,原油中的高分子量正构烷烃已经开始裂解,以C1+5烃类裂解成C6～C14化合物为主。随成熟度的增加,C6～C14化合物进一步转化为C1～C5化合物,并伴随苯系物的产出,最终形成甲烷和裂解沥青。在正构烷烃的裂解过程中,苯及其同系物的丰度呈明显增加趋势,可以作为原油裂解程度的潜在判识标志。此外,利用同样的实验条件对正十六烷进行了对比模拟实验,其产物的组成和变化特征与原油中正构烷烃的基本相同。     

天津地区主要河流表层沉积物中饱和烃的组成与分布特征

根据不同环境功能区 9条河流表层沉积物样品中饱和烃污染物的分析结果,讨论了天津地区河流沉积物中饱和烃化合物的组成与分布特征,初步分析了饱和烃污染物的污染源.结果表明,不同河流表层沉积物中均分布有多种类型的饱和烃化合物,主要包括正构烷烃、无环类异戊二烯烷烃、异构与反异构烷烃、烷基环己烷和甾、萜类等.不同河流及同一河流不同河段的表层沉积物中可抽提有机物(EOM)、烃类化合物含量和饱和烃化合物的组成特征均存在明显的差别,其中北塘排污河(北排污河)和大沽排污河(南排污河)沉积物中 EOM的含量相对较高,海河及津北地区的潮白新河、蓟运河、永定新河、北京排污河的沉积物中 EOM的含量相对较低;北运河、南运河及大沽排污河巨各庄河段的沉积物中烃类化合物含量相对较高,海河、大沽排污河和北塘排污河表层沉积物中烃类污染物的含量相对较低.位于市区北部的河流,靠近市区的河段沉积物中 EOM含量有增加的趋势,而位于市区下游的河流,靠近市区的上游河段的沉积物中 EOM含量相对较高,下游河段的有所降低.河流中烃类污染物主要来源于矿物油及其衍生物、高等植物蜡和藻类的降解产物,不同河流及相同河流不同河段污染源的相对贡献存在明显的差别.     

渤海海冰数值模式中计算参数的确定

在渤海海冰数值模拟和预报中,针对该海域的气象和水文特点,对模式中的计算参数进行了确定是必要的。本文通过对辽东湾ＪＺ２０－２海域的气象、水文和海冰要素的定点观测,对同太阳辐射、海洋热通量以及拖曳系数等参数进行了计算,对其特点以及对海冰生消和运移的影响进行了分析和讨论。这对提高渤海海冰数值模拟和预报的精度有很大促进,也是建立和发展局地工程海冰数值模式的重要内容。     

青岛滨海旅游工程建设规划构想及可持续发展对策

青岛是举世闻名的滨海旅游城市,具有丰富的滨海旅游资源,目前的滨海旅游主要依赖于自然风光,多功能的滨海旅游工程设施还不足。本文在分析青岛滨海旅游资源的基础上,对滨海旅游工程的建设规划作了构想,提出了有利于滨海旅游业发展四种方案及可持续发展的对策。     

东半球夏季低空越赤道气流的年际变化

利用1948—2006年NECP/NCAR的风场、高度场、海平面气压场以及地表温度再分析资料,采用相关分析、合成分析及回归分析等方法,探讨了东半球夏季低空越赤道气流的年际变化特征以及越赤道气流强度与环流系统和前期海陆热力差异的关系。结果表明,越赤道气流强度的年际变化和同期南北半球低纬环流系统,特别是亚澳大陆气压差关系密切。此外,索马里急流和孟加拉湾越赤道气流受海陆热力差异的影响,而东亚越赤道气流则主要受海温影响。