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31.
This study reviews the Quaternary alluvial stratigraphy in three semi-arid river basins of western India i.e., lower Luni
(Rajasthan), and Mahi and Sabarmati (Gujarat alluvial plains). On the basis of OSL chronologies, it is shown that the existing
intra-valley lithostratigraphic correlations require a revision. The sand, gravel and mud facies are present during various
times in the three basins, however, the fluvial response to climate change, and the resulting facies associations, was different
in the Thar desert as compared to that at the desert margin; this makes purely lithostratigraphic correlations unviable. It
is further shown that the rivers in the Thar desert were more sensitive to climate change and had small response times and
geomorphic thresholds as compared to the desert-margin rivers. This is illustrated during the early OIS 1, when the Luni river
in the Thar desert was dynamic and showed frequent variations in fluvial styles such as gravel bedload braided streams, sand-bed
ephemeral streams and meandering streams, all followed by incision during the early Holocene. The coeval deposits in Sabarmati,
however, only show a meandering, floodplain-dominated river.
Late Quaternary alluvial deposits in these basins unconformably overlie some older deposits that lack any absolute chronology.
Based on the facies types and their associations, and the composition and architecture of the multistoried gravel sheets in
the studied sections, it is suggested that older deposits are of pre-Quaternary age. This hypothesis implies the presence
of a large hiatus incorporating much of the Quaternary period in the exposed sections 相似文献
32.
33.
34.
Pijush Samui Tim Lansivaara Madhav R. Bhatt 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(4):1329-1334
This paper investigates the feasibility of Least square support vector machine (LSSVM) model to cope the problem of implicit performance function during first order second moment (FOSM) method based slope reliability analysis. LSSVM is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning. In LSSVM, Vapnik’s ε -insensitive loss function has been replaced by a cost function which corresponds to a form of ridge regression. Here, LSSVM has been used as a regression technique to approximate implicit performance functions. A slope example has been presented for illustrating the applicability of LSSVM based FOSM method. The developed LSSVM based FOSM has been compared with the artificial neural network (ANN) and least square method. The result shows that the approximation of LSSVM can be used in the FOSM method for slope reliability analysis. 相似文献
35.
Maya P. Bhatt Toshiyuki Masuzawa Mineko Yamamoto Kevin H. Gardner 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(3):557-569
Surface water samples were collected from Langtang Lirung glacier outlet point to the Narayani river system in central Nepal
in order to investigate the role of elevation in the variation of chemistry along the drainage networks. The chemistry of
Langtang–Narayani river system was dominated by sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution and weathering of silicate
minerals. Calcium and magnesium concentrations were relatively higher than other cations and the sum of both species strongly
correlated with alkalinity, supporting the dissolution of carbonate and dolomite as the dominant source for these ions. Aluminosilicate
minerals primarily as albite and anorthite appeared as dominant silicate minerals within the drainage basin. Bisiallitization
was the dominant type of weathering within the entire drainage system. Hydrogen ion concentration was lower in the low elevation
sites than in high elevation sites reflecting the more consumption of carbon dioxide in the low elevation sites due to enhanced
chemical weathering rates. Furthermore, major solutes like sum of base cations, silicon as well as alkalinity increased in
concentration in the lower elevation sites. All regulating factors appeared to be directly related to elevation and hence
elevation appeared to be the prime factor for the variation in chemical species along the Langtang–Narayani river system.
Toshiyuki Masuzawa: deceased. 相似文献
36.
Two mutually exclusive ocean models, Ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) and the Bluelink ReANalysis (version 2.1; BRAN2.1), and the spin-up model (SPINUP4) of BRAN2.1 were used to investigate seasonal variability of the East Australian Current (EAC). These model outputs were tested against satellite and in situ data. The seasonally averaged sea surface temperature (SST) in the OFES and SPINUP4 shows a negative bias of 1 °C. However, the OFES, SPINUP4, and BRAN2.1 have a similar seasonal cycle in SST. The annual mean EAC transport computed at 28°S from the three models shows a good agreement with annual mean transport computed using the in situ data. However, they have considerable differences in terms of annual cycle. A better performance of the BRAN2.1 in simulating the temperature field is a result of data assimilation. The advection of heat across the open boundaries contributes ~50 % of the heat content change in the region. This study suggests that the advection by the EAC plays a significant role in heat content change of the region. 相似文献
37.
Coastal dune systems consisting of allochemical grains are important sedimentary archives of Pleistocene age in both of the hemispheres between the latitudes of 20° to 40°. The south Saurashtra coast in western India exhibits a large section of Middle Pleistocene aeolianites in the form of coastal cliffs, which is famous as ‘Miliolite’. Miliolites of Gopnath in south‐east Saurashtra are the oldest known coastal aeolianite deposits (age >156 ka which corresponds to Marine Isotope Stage 6) in western India. Aeolian deposits of similar ages have also been reported from the Thar Desert in north‐west India and from Southern Arabia which were largely controlled by the south‐west monsoon wind system that affects the entire belt corresponding to Sahara–Sahel, the Arabian Peninsula and north‐western India. Miliolite deposits in Gopnath are characterized by grainfall, grainflow and wind ripple laminations. At least three types of aeolian bounding surfaces have been identified. Five major facies have been identified which represent the dune and interdune relationship within the coastal aeolian system. The major dune bodies are identified as transverse dune types. The Gopnath aeolianites were deposited under dominantly dry aeolian conditions. Facies association reveals two different phases of aeolian accumulation, namely initiation of aeolian sedimentation after a prolonged hiatus and the establishment of a regularized aeolian sedimentation system. While initiation of aeolian sedimentation is marked by vast stretches of sheet sand with occasional dune bodies, the overlying thick, tabular, laterally extensive cross‐stratified units manifest regular aeolian sedimentation. However, the dune building events in Gopnath were interrupted by development of laterally extensive palaeosol horizons. Eustasy and climate exerted the major allogenic controls on the aeolian sedimentation by affecting the sediment budget as well as influencing the sedimentation pattern. 相似文献
38.
Igor V. Polyakov Vladimir A. Alexeev Uma S. Bhatt Evgenia I. Polyakova Xiangdong Zhang 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(2-3):439-457
Climate fluctuations in the North Atlantic Ocean have wide-spread implications for Europe, Africa, and the Americas. This study assesses the relative contribution of the long-term trend and variability of North Atlantic warming using EOF analysis of deep-ocean and near-surface observations. Our analysis demonstrates that the recent warming over the North Atlantic is linked to both long-term (including anthropogenic and natural) climate change and multidecadal variability (MDV, ~50–80 years). Our results suggest a general warming trend of 0.031 ± 0.006°C/decade in the upper 2,000 m North Atlantic over the last 80 years of the twentieth century, although during this time there are periods in which short-term trends were strongly amplified by MDV. For example, MDV accounts for ~60% of North Atlantic warming since 1970. The single-sign basin-scale pattern of MDV with prolonged periods of warming (cooling) in the upper ocean layer and opposite tendency in the lower layer is evident from observations. This pattern is associated with a slowdown (enhancement) of the North Atlantic thermohaline overturning circulation during negative (positive) MDV phases. In contrast, the long-term trend exhibits warming in tropical and mid-latitude North Atlantic and a pattern of cooling in regions associated with major northward heat transports, consistent with a slowdown of the North Atlantic circulation as evident from observations and confirmed by selected modeling results. This localized cooling has been masked in recent decades by warming during the positive phase of MDV. Finally, since the North Atlantic Ocean plays a crucial role in establishing and regulating the global thermohaline circulation, the multidecadal fluctuations discussed here should be considered when assessing long-term climate change and variability, both in the North Atlantic and at global scales. 相似文献
39.
J.J. Bhatt 《Sedimentary Geology》1975,13(1):65-70
Petrographic examination of the dolomitized Main Limestone Series cropping out in the south, east and northeast corners of the South Wales Coalfield Basin shows evidence of the earlier presence of evaporite minerals. However, it is believed that lack of extensive evaporite deposits in these rocks may be due to the active diagenetic dissolution and oncoming humid coal conditions of post Main Limestone time.The evaporite minerals in the Main Limestone rocks seem to be overwhelmingly early diagenetic in origin in the light of the following observations: (1) calcite or dolomite pseudomorphs after gypsum crystals associated with a fine pelmicrite matrix; (2) association of such pseudomorphs with oolitic pelsparite; and (3) evaporite solution breccia texture. 相似文献
40.
J.J. Bhatt 《Sedimentary Geology》1976,15(1):55-86
Dolomitized Main Limestone rocks of the Lower Carboniferous crop out in a narrow band of about three fourths of a mile along the south, east and northeast rims of the South Wales Coalfield Basin which encompasses the general regions of Miskin, Taffs Well and the Clydach, respectively. The thickness of these rocks varies from a maximum of 2,750 feet to nothing.The Ca/Mg ratio in the Main Limestone in general ranged from 1.7 : 1 to over 100 : 1 with less than 2 : 1 to 3.5 : 1 being the commonest. Magnesium content ranged from less than 5% to over 60% (mole percent MgCO3), with 40–50 mole percent p.f. MgCO3 being the commoner.Petrographic study of the Main Limestone led to recognition of six major microfacies. They are: (1) biosparite; (2) dolobiomicrite; (3) quartz-dolomicrite; (4) dolomicrite; (5) oosparite; and (6) dolorudite. In terms of their geographic distribution, dolobiomicrite predominates in the Taffs Well region, while quartz-dolobiomicrite is common in the Clydach region. In terms of their distribution in time, biosparite is common in the basal part (Lower ZC1 zone), dolobiomicrites (including the quartz-bearing variety) in the middle part (ZC1 and C2S1 zone) of the Taffs Well region and its corresponding Calcite-Mudstone Group in the Clydach region.The bulk of dolomitization in these rocks occurred in the Caninia-Seminula zone or the Calcite-Mudstone Group. In this study, it marks geochemical stage B: the sea-connected lagoonal phase similar to one observed today in South Australia. It is suggested that such a sea-connected Lagoon in the Main Limestone Sea formed largely in response to a reef barrier (or a ridge) - a remnant of which is found today between Miskin and the Taffs Well region where the transition from lime to dolomite facies occurs. The Miskin area represented the deeper-water reef flank towards the open sea whereas the Taffs Well region marked the shallow-water reef flank landward.It is concluded that the Main Limestone Series contains predominantly diagenetic dolostones whilst the syngenetic and epigenetic dolostones are restricted in time and space. The diagenetic dolostone dominates in the Taffs Well and Clydach regions. 相似文献