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991.
The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
The application of satellite differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, principally coherent (InSAR) and to a lesser extent, persistent-scatterer (PSI) techniques to hydrogeologic studies has improved capabilities to map, monitor, analyze, and simulate groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence. A number of investigations over the previous decade show how the spatially detailed images of ground displacements measured with InSAR have advanced hydrogeologic understanding, especially when a time series of images is used in conjunction with histories of changes in water levels and management practices. Important advances include: (1) identifying structural or lithostratigraphic boundaries (e.g. faults or transitional facies) of groundwater flow and deformation; (2) defining the material and hydraulic heterogeneity of deforming aquifer-systems; (3) estimating system properties (e.g. storage coefficients and hydraulic conductivities); and (4) constraining numerical models of groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction, and land subsidence. As a component of an integrated approach to hydrogeologic monitoring and characterization of unconsolidated alluvial groundwater basins differential SAR interferometry contributes unique information that can facilitate improved management of groundwater resources. Future satellite SAR missions specifically designed for differential interferometry will enhance these contributions. 相似文献
992.
993.
Jing LI Zhongjing JIANG Yueming DONG Lu ZHANG Tong YING Zhenyu ZHANG Mu MU 《大气科学进展》2022,39(6):1012-1015
1.Overview The 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to three scientists for their contribution to the physical understanding of complex systems(The Nobel Committee for Physics,2021).Two of the laureates,Dr.Syukuro MANABE and Dr.Klaus HASSELMANN,are climate scientists.This is the first time a climate scientist has won a Nobel Prize for physics and is thus a great encouragement to the entire climate science community,especially young scientists.Because the two winners'groundbreaking contributions that led to their award were achieved decades ago,young people may not be very familiar with these works.Therefore,to help young scientists better understand the scientific merit of the fundamental works and to inspire them in their future research careers,on 20 October 2021,the young scientist working group of The China National Committee of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences(IAMAS-CNC)organized an online Nobel Prize interpretation workshop.Over 400 participants attended the online workshop,and more than 120000 parti-cipants watched the replay. 相似文献
994.
An exact analytical method is described to solve the diffraction problem of a group of truncated vertical cylinders. In order to account for the interaction between the cylinders, Kagemoto and Yue's exact algebraic method is utilised. The isolated cylinder diffraction potential due to incident waves is obtained using Garret's solution and evanescent mode solutions are derived in a similar manner.Numerical results are presented for arrays of two and four cylinders. Comparisons between the results obtained from the method presented here and those obtained from numerical methods show excellent agreement. 相似文献
995.
Joint Management of Surface and Ground Water Supplies 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
996.
997.
传统地质学的“将今论古”方法使地质学取得了巨大的成就,而且还将是今后地质学发展的指导思想,但面对资源、环境、减灾等人类在二十一世纪的主要问题,地球科学所面对的问题时,地质学家首先应该改变或者更新自己的思维方式。如果以地球演化的同一性原理来认识地球,则“将古论今”的方法对解决地球科学面临的挑战人有重要的意义。以历史地质学的方法和视角,研究地质过程的发生、发展和演化过程,以及这种过程在今天和明天的演化趋势,及其对人类生存环境的影响,将是今后一十时期地质科学的主要任务。 相似文献
998.
Origin of peraluminous granites and granodiorites, Iberian massif, Spain: an experimental test of granite petrogenesis 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
Antonio Castro Alberto E. Patiño Douce L. Guillermo Corretgé Jesús D. de la Rosa Mohammed El-Biad Hassan El-Hmidi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,135(2-3):255-276
The discrimination between potential source materials involved in the genesis of Iberian granites and granodiorites, as well
as the role of mantle-crust interactions, are examined using constraints imposed by melting experiments, melting-assimilation
experiments and Sr-Nd isotope systematics. The Sr-Nd isotope relationships indicate the existence of different genetic trends
in which juvenile mantle materials are involved by different mechanisms: (1) a source trend, traced by a particular evolution
of the pre-Hercynian basement and indicating mantle participation at the time of sedimentation; (2) a set of magmatic trends
traced by gabbro-tonalite-enclave-granodiorite associations, implying the incorporation of new mantle material at the time
of granite generation. These relationships strongly support a pure crustal origin for the peraluminous leucogranites, derived
from partial melting of crustal protoliths, and a hybrid origin for the peraluminous granodiorites. These granodiorites are
the most abundant granitic rocks of the Central Iberian zone (CIZ) of the Iberian massif, implying that processes of hybridisation
by assimilation and/or magma mixing played an important role in granitoid production during the Hercynian orogeny. These hypotheses
have been tested by means of melting and assimilation experiments. Melting experiments in the range 800–900 °C and at pressures
of 3, 6, 10 and 15 kbar indicate that: (1) several potential source materials such as Bt-Ms gneisses and metagreywackes are
suitable for the production of peraluminous leucogranite melts; (2) the melt compositions are always leucogranitic, regardless
of pressure; (3) pressure exerts a strong influence on the fertility of the source: experiments at 3 kbar produce more than
20 vol% of melt, compared with less than 5 vol% of melt produced at 10 and 15 kbar and at the same temperature. The melting-assimilation
experiments carried out at 1000 °C and 4, 7 and 10 kbar and using a proportion of 50% gabbro and 50% gneiss give high melt
proportions (more than 50 vol.%) and noritic residues. These melts have the composition of leucogranodiorites, and overlap
with part of the compositional range of peraluminous granodiorites of the Iberian massif. The generation of more mafic granodiorites
may be explained by the incorporation of some residual orthopyroxene to the granodiorite magmas. The low solubility of Fe + Mg
prevents the generation of granodiorite melts with more than 3 wt% of MgO + FeO at all crustal pressures. The large volumes
of peraluminous, hybrid granodiorites, produced by assimilation of crustal rocks by mantle magmas, imply that an important
episode of crustal growth took place during the Late-Palaeozoic Hercynian orogeny in the Iberian massif.
Received: 30 June 1998 / Accepted: 27 November 1998 相似文献
999.
1000.
Triassic alkaline intrusives in the Yanliao-Yinshan area: their chronology, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics and their implication 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Guohan Yan Baolei Mu Baoliang Xu Guoqi He Linkun Tan Hui Zhao Zhongfu He Renhu Zhang Guangsheng Qiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(6):582-587
Dated isotopic ages for 15 alkaline intrusives in the Yanliao-Yinshan area, ranging from 268 to 190 Ma, ten of which are from
250 to 208 Ma, indicate that most of them were formed in the Triassic Epoch. All the ENd(t) ratios from - 17.19 to -3.21 averaging -7.09, the ESr(t) ratios fmm 11.7 to71.5 averaging 36.63, and the Isr(t) ratios from 0.705 0 to 0.709 3 averaging 0.706 8, show their characteristics of enrichment. On the ENd
(t) virus ESr(t) correlation diagram, the samples from these intmsives were plotted within the enriched mantle trend lines and just outside,
demonstrating their close connection to materials from the enriched mantle reservoir, taking into account the same Pb isotopic
composition as that of the mantle. 相似文献