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161.
An online survey about climate change was conducted 2008/2009 among all university members (N = 3541). Using the Theory of
Planned Behavior and Cultural Theory within a structural equation modeling approach, one main goal was to explain climate-friendly
behavioral intentions and the underlying psychological processes comprehensively and to show the interdependencies between
both approaches. The model explained 72% of the variance in Intentions to use public transport. Attitude towards public transport
(beta = 0.67, p < .001) most strongly influenced Intentions followed by Subjective Norms (beta = 0.23, p < .001). In turn,
Attitudes and Norm were explained by the value types Egalitarian, Individualist and Fatalist (24% and 14% respectively). These
value types are mediated through Attitudes and Subjective Norms. Recommendations regarding the support of climate friendly
behavior are formulated. 相似文献
162.
Influence of coupling on atmosphere, sea ice and ocean regional models in the Ross Sea sector, Antarctica 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nicolas C. Jourdain Pierre Mathiot Hubert Gallée Bernard Barnier 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(7-8):1523-1543
Air–sea ice–ocean interactions in the Ross Sea sector form dense waters that feed the global thermohaline circulation. In this paper, we develop the new limited-area ocean–sea ice–atmosphere coupled model TANGO to simulate the Ross Sea sector. TANGO is built up by coupling the atmospheric limited-area model MAR to a regional configuration of the ocean–sea ice model NEMO. A method is then developed to identify the mechanisms by which local coupling affects the simulations. TANGO is shown to simulate realistic sea ice properties and atmospheric surface temperatures. These skills are mostly related to the skills of the stand alone atmospheric and oceanic models used to build TANGO. Nonetheless, air temperatures over ocean and winter sea ice thickness are found to be slightly improved in coupled simulations as compared to standard stand alone ones. Local atmosphere ocean feedbacks over the open ocean are found to significantly influence ocean temperature and salinity. In a stand alone ocean configuration, the dry and cold air produces an ocean cooling through sensible and latent heat loss. In a coupled configuration, the atmosphere is in turn moistened and warmed by the ocean; sensible and latent heat loss is therefore reduced as compared to the stand alone simulations. The atmosphere is found to be less sensitive to local feedbacks than the ocean. Effects of local feedbacks are increased in the coastal area because of the presence of sea ice. It is suggested that slow heat conduction within sea ice could amplify the feedbacks. These local feedbacks result in less sea ice production in polynyas in coupled mode, with a subsequent reduction in deep water formation. 相似文献
163.
Based on the data of the detailed earthquake catalog provided on the website of the Corinth Rift Laboratory, zones of swarm
activity are revealed and the variations in the statistical parameters of seismic swarms that occurred in the western part
of the Gulf of Corinth are calculated. The preliminary analysis of the catalogue is carried out; the magnitude of completeness
and the accuracy of the location of the earth-quake are estimated; the changes in these parameters associated with the development
of the observational network are assessed. The b-value (b-values) and the cluster dimension of the set of hypocenters are estimated, and time variations in these parameters in the
course of the evolution of swarm activity are revealed. The style of changes in the parameters characterizing the seismic
regime during intervals of swarm activity indicates that the process of failure exhibits scale redistribution over the course
of time, changing from upscaling (progression from smaller to larger scales) at the stage of increasing seismicity to downscaling
(progression from larger to lower scales) at the stage of decay. These particular features of enhancement and reduction of
swarm seismicity are qualitatively similar to the scenarios of source preparation and aftershock relaxation of strong earthquakes.
The pattern of variations of the swarm seismicity studied is similar to those identified in the previous laboratory and field
modeling of various transient modes of seismicity. This fact confirms the relevancy of the retrieved results and conclusions
based on the laboratory studies of transient modes, and suggests that the latter have a universal governing mechanism. 相似文献
164.
165.
166.
Michio J. Kishi Shin-ichi Ito Bernard A. Megrey Kenneth A. Rose Francisco E. Werner 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(1):3-16
The evolution of the North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography (NEMURO) family of models to study
marine ecosystems is reviewed. Applications throughout the North Pacific have shown the models to be robust and to be able
to reproduce 1D, 2D and 3D components of nutrient, carbon cycle and biogeochemical cycles as well as aspects of the lower
trophic levels ecosystem (phyto- and zooplankton). NEMURO For Including Saury and Herring, an extension that includes higher
trophic levels, can be run uncoupled or coupled to NEMURO. In the uncoupled mode, the growth and weight of an individual fish
is computed using plankton densities simulated by NEMURO but with no feedback between fish consumption and plankton mortality.
In the coupled mode, the feeding, growth and weight of a representative fish are computed, and prey removals due to feeding
by fish appear as mortality terms on the prey. The NEMURO family of models continues to evolve, including effects of the microbial
loop and iron limitation at lower trophic levels, and full life cycle, multi-species and multi-generational simulations at
higher trophic levels. We outline perspectives for future end-to-end modeling efforts that can be used to study marine ecosystems
in response to global environmental change. 相似文献
167.
Bernard Delcaillau 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(5):265-287
AbstractIn this paper we concentrate particularly on the geomorphological indicators left by active tectonics. In the central foothills of Taiwan, we used topography, drainage pattern and structural data to perform quantitative morphometric analysis and to determine relative age of fault-related anticlines. The Tiehchen, Tatu and Pakua ridge belt is a fault-related anticline system located in the hanging wall of the Changhua fault along the western thrust front of the foothills. Geomorphic systems are analysed with intent to detect the various responses of landforms and drainage pattern to late Quaternary deformation. Topography and drainage basin register uplift and are valuable tools to discriminate lateral propagation of an active frontal fold. Geomorphic field evidence and quantitative morphometric parameters are used to define the evolution of the rising anticline ridges and to infer tectonism style along an active front. Geometry of alluvial fans, formed along the frontal side of the anticlines, and weathered terrace deposits provide relevant information on neotectonics. Knowledge concerning these younger anticline ridges, makes this area a good example of an actively forming mountain front. We discuss in detail the origin of N045°, N095 and N120° trending oblique fault scarps which delimite numerous fault blocks. The fault scarps morphology is characterized by imbricate talus facets. Steeper topography accompanied by breaks in the slope along some transverse profiles, seems to correspond to the traces of successive uplifts. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 相似文献
168.
169.
Anthony Hildenbrand Pedro Madureira Fernando Ornelas Marques Inês Cruz Bernard Henry Pedro Silva 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,273(3-4):289-298
New K/Ar dating and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the WNW–ESE elongated oceanic island of S. Jorge to reconstruct the volcanic evolution of a linear ridge developed close to the Azores triple junction. We show that S. Jorge sub-aerial construction encompasses the last 1.3 Myr, a time interval far much longer than previously reported. The early development of the ridge involved a sub-aerial building phase exposed in the southeast end of the island and now constrained between 1.32 ± 0.02 and 1.21 ± 0.02 Ma. Basic lavas from this older stage are alkaline and enriched in incompatible elements, reflecting partial melting of an enriched mantle source. At least three differentiation cycles from alkaline basalts to mugearites are documented within this stage. The successive episodes of magma rising, storage and evolution suggest an intermittent re-opening of the magma feeding system, possibly due to recurrent tensional or trans-tensional tectonic events. Present data show a gap in sub-aerial volcanism before a second main ongoing building phase starting at about 750 ka. Sub-aerial construction of the S. Jorge ridge migrated progressively towards the west, but involved several overlapping volcanic episodes constrained along the main WNW–ESE structural axis of the island. Mafic magmas erupted during the second phase have been also generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Trace element data suggest, however, variable and lower degrees of partial melting of a shallower mantle domain, which is interpreted as an increasing control of lithospheric deformation on the genesis and extraction of primitive melts during the last 750 kyr. The multi-stage development of the S. Jorge volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr has most likely been greatly influenced by regional tectonics, controlled by deformation along the diffuse boundary between the Nubian and the Eurasian plates, and the increasing effect of sea-floor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 相似文献
170.