近10a湖北省强降水时空分布特征与主要天气概念模型

利用湖北省78个气象站逐小时雨量和地面风场资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及新一代天气雷达资料和卫星云图资料,对湖北省1999—2009年208例强降水过程的时空分布、雨团源地和路径、雨强特征、主要影响天气系统进行了普查分析。结果表明:湖北省强降水源地主要位于鄂西山区和江汉平原南部,在不同引导气流的作用下,强降水雨团主要有6条活动路径;强降水频发区主要位于孝感、黄冈北部和宜昌等地,孝感是全省强降水频发中心;影响强降水的天气系统主要有干线(又称露点锋,下同)、湿舌、暖切顶部辐合区、冷切尾部辐合区、气流汇合区、涌线、地面辐合线;根据干线的不同作用和影响方式,将湖北省180个干线类强降水分成干侵入型、干混合型、干锋生型和暖干型四种类型。基于对动力、水汽、不稳定三个条件以及强降水落区等显著特征的总结分析,归纳出四种干线类强降水的天气概念模型。     

静力触探在复合地基质量检测中的应用

论述了静力触探 ( CPT)技术在黄土地区对人工复合地基承载力的确定 ,以及静力触探曲线特征与灰土挤密桩挤密效果的对应关系。     

Authigenic carbonate burial in the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin,USA)

Late Devonian (Famennian) marine successions globally are typified by organic-rich black shales deposited in anoxic and euxinic waters and the cessation of shelf carbonate sedimentation. This global ‘carbonate crisis’, known as the Hangenberg Event, coincides with a major extinction of reef-building metazoans and perturbations to the global carbon cycle, evidenced by positive carbon-isotope excursions of up to 4‰. It has been suggested that authigenic carbonate, formed as cements in sedimentary pore spaces during early burial diagenesis, is a significant mass fraction of the total global carbon burial flux, particularly during periods of low oxygen concentration. Because some authigenic carbonate could have originated from remineralization of organic carbon in sediments, it is possible for this reservoir to be isotopically depleted and thereby drive changes in the carbon isotopic composition of seawater. This study presents bulk isotopic and elemental analyses from fine-grained siliciclastics of the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin, USA) to assess the volume and isotopic composition of carbonates in these sediments. Carbonate in the Bakken black shales occurs primarily as microscopic disseminated dolomite rhombs and calcite cements that, together, comprise a significant mass-fraction (ca 9%). The elemental composition of the shales is indicative of a dynamic anoxic to sulphidic palaeoenvironment, likely supported by a fluctuating chemocline. Despite forming in an environment favourable to remineralization of organic matter and the precipitation of isotopically depleted authigenic carbonates, the majority of carbon isotope measurements of disseminated carbonate fall between −3‰ and +3‰, with systematically more depleted carbonates in the deeper-water portions of the basin. Thus, although there is evidence for a significant total mass-fraction of carbonate with contribution from remineralized organic matter, Bakken authigenic carbonates suggest that Famennian black shales are unlikely to be sufficiently ¹³C-depleted relative to water column dissolved inorganic carbon to serve as a major lever on seawater isotopic composition.     

RAPD对红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代杂种优势预测的分析

应用RAPD技术对红鳍笛鲷(♀)、千年笛鲷(♂)和红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代3个群体的RAPD扩增带谱进行了分析,并对杂交子代F1杂种优势进行了预测.从100个随机引物中筛选出35个扩增带丰富的引物进行扩增,共得到190条清晰稳定的扩增带,其中有176个扩增位点具有多态性,多态性位点比率为92.6%.红鳍笛鲷、F1、千年笛鲷3个群体的遗传相似性指数分别为0.831 9,0.726 3,0.916 8;Nei多样性指数分别为0.174 5,0.264 0,0.118 4;Shannon信息指数分别为0.256 4,0.384 5,0.171 2.红鳍笛鲷(♀)-F1,F1一千年笛鲷(♂),红鳍笛鲷(♀)一千年笛鲷(♂)的遗传距离分别为0.397 2,0.317 0,0.854 1.从相似性指数、Nei多样性指数和Shannon信息指数均显示F1代有杂种优势,并找到了种间特异性标记.     

贵州狮溪铝土岩型锂资源的发现及意义

狮溪锂资源位于贵州省桐梓县狮溪向斜东翼,是首次在黔北务（川）、正（安）、道（真）地区之外的下二叠统大竹园组中发现锂元素的异常富集。狮溪锂富集层位于大竹园组中—上部,具有厚度和品位均较为稳定的特征,含锂岩石类型为致密状和碎屑状铝土岩,主要矿物为伊利石（水白云母）。综合矿物学、岩石学及地球化学特征分析认为,该区域Li的富集与风化淋滤作用密切相关,受古气候、古地貌、地下水位等多因素控制。通过统计黔北地区和狮溪地区含铝岩系数据发现,Li含量与Al2O3、Al/Si值呈规律性变化,Li富集程度与大竹园组的岩性相关,大致可分为Li一般富集区（含矿岩石为泥岩或铝土质泥岩、较高品位铝土矿）和Li高度富集区（含矿岩石为铝土岩和低品位铝土矿）。本文通过狮溪锂资源的发现及综合分析认为,在黔北务（川）、正（安）、道（真）地区外围的近岸平原环境,特别是地势低洼处的致密状和碎屑状铝土岩中,具有发现较高品位铝土岩型锂资源的巨大潜力。     

Setting Shari’a standards: On the role, power and spatialities of interlocking Shari’a boards in Islamic financial services

This paper aims to refine earlier research on the geographies of Islamic financial services (IFS) through a study of how cities are being connected through interlocking directorates in Shari’a advisory boards of IFS firms. The relevance of this analysis is discussed against the backdrop of recent critiques of mainstream ‘world cities’ research because of structuralist and universalizing tendencies. By applying a network concept to the relationalities of world cities within financial circuits, we explore the nested city/firm/actor structure behind Shari’a board membership, and reassess the connectivity of cities in the IFS network in terms of the role and spatialities of interlocking Shari’a boards. The results show that Gulf cities, most notably Manama, Dubai and Kuwait City are particularly well-connected, while also mainstay financial centres outside the Middle East, such as London and New York are networked by interlocking board memberships of a global Shari’a elite. The dominant position of Manama is traced back to its role as a standard-setting city for Shari’a-compliant investments, which materializes through the enacted presence of an array of highly interlocked regulatory bodies and mediating elites.     

Reproductive patterns of the abyssal asteroid Styracaster elongatus from the N.E. Atlantic Ocean

We analysed the reproductive biology of the asteroid species Styracaster elongatus based on time-series samples from a 5000-m-deep site on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (N.E. Atlantic). The ratio of males to females, the gonadosomatic index (GI), and pyloric caecum index (PCI) were determined and the results were corroborated by histological examination of the gonads. Fecundity and oocyte-size distribution were determined by histological and image analyses. Styracaster elongatus is a gonochoric asteroid and the ratio of males to females was not significantly different throughout the year. Oogenesis was asynchronous. The previtellogenic oocytes grew to a size of ～230 μm before undergoing vitellogenesis. Maximum oocyte size was ～620 μm. The ovary volume was mainly occupied by small previtellogenic oocytes (100–150 μm) at any one time. Mean GI was 6.38±3.30 for females and 9.04±4.1 for males. Mean PCI was 7.44±1.66 for females and 7.66±1.46 for males. Mean fecundity was 16,373±5988 oocites per female. There were no seasonal variations in GI and fecundity. There was evidence of a pyiloric caecum seasonal development for females and males. For S. elongatus there is no direct relationship among seasonal primary production at the surface and production of vitellogenic oocytes. Nevertheless, this species takes advantage of the pulse of phytodetritus to the seabed by increasing the storage of nutrients in the pyloric caecum in order to maintain a constant production of eggs and sperm.     

论核工程选址中的弥散地震

弥散地震评价是核工程选址中地震安全性评价的重要内容之一。文中在分析弥散地震涵义的基础上,论述了弥散地震评价中地震构造区划分的原则和依据、弥散地震确定的方法和技术途径等关键性技术内容     

The modulated annual cycle: an alternative reference frame for climate anomalies

In climate science, an anomaly is the deviation of a quantity from its annual cycle. There are many ways to define annual cycle. Traditionally, this annual cycle is taken to be an exact repeat of itself year after year. This stationary annual cycle may not reflect well the intrinsic nonlinearity of the climate system, especially under external forcing. In this paper, we re-examine the reference frame for anomalies by re-examining the annual cycle. We propose an alternative reference frame for climate anomalies, the modulated annual cycle (MAC) that allows the annual cycle to change from year to year, for defining anomalies. In order for this alternative reference frame to be useful, we need to be able to define the instantaneous annual cycle: we therefore also introduce a new method to extract the MAC from climatic data. In the presence of a MAC, modulated in both amplitude and frequency, we can then define an alternative version of an anomaly, this time with respect to the instantaneous MAC rather than a permanent and unchanging AC. Based on this alternative definition of anomalies, we re-examine some familiar physical processes: in particular SST re-emergence and ENSO phase locking to the annual cycle. We find that the re-emergence mechanism may be alternatively interpreted as an explanation of the change of the annual cycle instead of an explanation of the interannual to interdecadal persistence of SST anomalies. We also find that the ENSO phase locking can largely be attributed to the residual annual cycle (the difference of the MAC and the corresponding traditional annual cycle) contained in the traditional anomaly, and, therefore, can be alternatively interpreted as a part of the annual cycle phase locked to the annual cycle itself. In addition to the examples of reinterpretation of physics of well known climate phenomena, we also present an example of the implications of using a MAC against which to define anomalies. We show that using MAC as a reference framework for anomaly can bypass the difficulty brought by concepts such as “decadal variability of summer (or winter) climate” for understanding the low-frequency variability of the climate system. The concept of an amplitude and frequency modulated annual cycle, a method to extract it, and its implications for the interpretation of physical processes, all may contribute potentially to a more consistent and fruitful way of examining past and future climate variability and change.     

锥束CT图像重建算法

随着螺旋多层面CT的出现，医用CT正在向着螺旋锥束CT转变，从螺旋锥束数据来重建图像有许多优点，但是这种成像方式在数学上比较复杂，技术实现也有相当的难度。本文介绍这一领域的重要成果，特别是近年文献中的基本思想，文中涉及及各种主要重算法，包括准确重建，近似重建和迭代重建算法，简言之，当数据是完整的，无噪音的，应选择准重建方法，当数据是有噪音的和／或受物体运动干扰，近似重建会有较好的性能，而当数据是不可靠的和被载截断时，迭代方法可以发挥作用，今后主要研究方向是对这些算法进行改进，比较它们的特性，并将其优点结合到一起。