贵州紫云地区早石炭世黑色岩系地球化学特征及油气地质意义

为了深入探讨贵州紫云地区早石炭世黑色岩系的沉积环境、海平面变化及有机质富集规律,笔者针对该地区早石炭世打屋坝组进行系统采样,重点进行元素地球化学和有机地球化学特征分析。通过结合研究区打屋坝组泥页岩δCe、δEu、V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ba等值和前人研究成果进行分析,认为紫云-长顺一带早石炭世打屋坝组沉积环境为还原环境-弱氧化环境,沉积相为槽盆边缘斜坡相→槽盆相;通过分析研究区打屋坝组泥页岩稀土元素地球化学参数及TOC值的垂向变化,认为δCe值越小,δEu、ΣREE值越大,则海平面升高,水体越深,TOC值越高,有机质越富集,反之亦然。同时结合打屋坝组岩性的垂向变化,研究区早石炭世打屋坝组垂向上自下而上主要经历了海退-海进-海退的过程;根据δCe、δEu等值及ω(La)N/ω(Yb)N与ω(ΣREE)关系图解,认为研究区打屋坝组母岩主要为花岗岩与沉积岩的混合,推测物源来自于北东侧的雪峰山隆起区和北侧的黔中隆起区,沉积于被动大陆边缘;结合研究区打屋坝组泥页岩有机地球化学参数和黔紫页1井含气性、气测录井资料,认为研究区打屋坝组一段为优质页岩层段,具备良好的页岩气地质条件和勘探开发潜力,研究区南西部(侧)更有利于有机质富集,可作为下一步页岩气勘探工作方向。     

贵州关岭地区法郎组瓦窑段菊石类新材料

本文对采自于贵州关岭地区上三叠统卡尼阶法郎组瓦窑段上部的齿菊石目化石进行了研究, 共识别出3属3种, 其中包含一新种 Arctosirenites mingqingensis sp. nov.。Arctosirenites mingqingensis sp. nov. 以具有细密横肋及粗壮腹缘瘤为特征, 属Klipsteinia在华南为首次发现。根据Klipsteinia和Arctosirenites组合特征判断贵州关岭地区上三叠统法郎组瓦窑段底部时代为晚三叠世早卡尼期早期 (Julian 1),上部时代归属于晚卡尼期早期 (Tuvalian 1), 并且认为造成法郎组瓦窑段底部的岩性变化是由于构造因素导致, 而并非受到卡尼期湿润幕事件 (CPE, Carnian Pluvial Episode)的影响。     

Helcionelloids from the Cambrian Fortunian of the Northern Yangtze Platform, China

A study of the morphological and microstructural characteristics of helcionelloids from the Nanjiang area (north Sichuan, China) at the northern Yangtze Platform was undertaken, in order to understand their phylogenetic position. Helcionelloids fossils from the Kuanchuanpu Formation of the Changtanhe–Maolinzi section include 7 genera and 11 species. There are distinct differences in the degree of shell bending, the apical morphology and apex position, the outline of the aperture and the height of the shell, all of which constitute important identification features. Although helcionelloid apices exhibit varying degrees of rotation towards the aperture, they do not show any signs of evident distortion. A pair of basally-symmetrical muscle scars are discovered on the shells of helcionelloids (such as Bemella simplex), showing a distinct difference when compared with those of the stem-group gastropod (e.g., Pelagiella). The prismatic shell layer of helcionelloids has been observed, which are common components in Cambrian molluscs, but differ significantly from the dense layer microstructure found in contemporary molluscs. The microstructures, muscle scars and morphological characteristics demonstrate that helcionelloids represent a stem-group of molluscs.     

Identifying oceanographic conditions conducive to coastal impacts on temperate open coastal beaches

Natural Hazards - Warnings issued by meteorological or oceanographic agencies are a common means of allowing people to prepare for likely impactful events. Quantifying the relationships between...     

Stark Broadening Parameters for Neutral Oxygen Spectral Lines

Stark broadening parameters for nine neutral oxygen (O I) lines have been determined within the impact approximation and the semiclassical perturbation method. The atomic data have been taken from the TOPbase and NIST atomic databases. The electron and proton Stark widths and shifts and ion broadening parameter values for these O I lines have been calculated for electron density of 10 ¹⁶ cm ^?3 and for 4 different electron temperatures in the range of 5000 K to 40000 K. These Stark broadening parameters are compared with our previous results (Ben Nessib, N. et al. 1996, Physica Scripta, 54, 603–613), where we calculated Stark broadening parameters for only four O I spectral lines and where Stark widths and shifts were compared with experimental and theoretical data available in the literature. In the present paper, we have also compared our results with the Griem’s book (Griem, H. R. 1974, Spectral line broadening by plasmas) and VALD (Ryabchikova, T. et al. 2015, Physica Scripta, 90, 054005) values.     

Investigating flash floods potential areas using ASCAT and TRMM satellites in the Western Cape Province,South Africa

The aim of the study was to evaluate flash flood potential areas in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, by integrating remote sensing products of high rainfall intensity, antecedent soil moisture and topographic wetness index (TWI). Rainfall has high spatial and temporal variability, thus needs to be quantified at an area in real time from remote sensing techniques unlike from sparsely distributed, point gauge network measurements. Western Cape Province has high spatial variation in topography which results in major differences in received rainfall within areas not far from each other. Although high rainfall was considered as the major cause of flash flood, also other contributing factors such as topography and antecedent soil moisture were considered. Areas of high flash flood potential were found to be associated with high rainfall, antecedent precipitation and TWI. Although TRMM 3B42 was found to have better rainfall intensity accuracy, the product is not available in near real time but rather at a rolling archive of three months; therefore, Multi- sensor precipitation estimate rainfall estimates available in near real time are opted for flash flood events. Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) soil moisture observations were found to have a reasonable r value of 0.58 and relatively low MAE of 3.8 when validated with in situ soil moisture measurements. The results of this study underscore the importance of ASCAT and TRMM satellite datasets in mapping areas at risk of flooding.     

贵州复杂构造背景下的页岩气勘查存在问题探讨

自从我国引入页岩气概念及页岩气在四川盆地成功实现商业开发,油气勘查工作突破了盆地的界限向盆地外延伸,并取得了一些新的找矿发现,扩大了油气勘探的范围,增大了油气勘探开发的资源潜力。但随着盆外页岩气勘查工作的推进,显示出盆地外页岩气成藏条件与盆地相比资源条件变差,普遍存在构造改造强烈、资源贫化、勘查程度低、开发难度大等问题,这其中以贵州省较为典型。贵州省属于盆地外推进页岩气勘查较早的省份,是盆外区页岩气勘探开发的一个缩影,发育有多套黑色页岩层系,前期实施的部分钻井获得了页岩气的发现,部分甚至取得了勘探突破,但也有部分探井效果不佳,需要解决攻克的问题仍然较多。通过总结贵州省的页岩气勘查现状,提出贵州页岩气保存条件复杂,现有工作程度下页岩气选区、开发难度仍然较大。建议加大页岩气成藏条件的研究,从大区域勘查转为聚焦潜力较好的背、向斜解剖分析,集中力量开展资源评价,提高区块优选质量,降低后期勘探风险,创新盆外复杂构造区页岩气成藏及勘探开发理论技术,以支撑贵州省页岩气高效开发。     

Diagnosing SST Error Growth during ENSO Developing Phase in the BCC_CSM1.1(m) Prediction System

In this study, the predictability of the El Nino-South Oscillation(ENSO) in an operational prediction model from the perspective of initial errors is diagnosed using the seasonal hindcasts of the Beijing Climate Center System Model,BCC;SM1.1(m). Forecast skills during the different ENSO phases are analyzed and it is shown that the ENSO forecasts appear to be more challenging during the developing phase, compared to the decay phase. During ENSO development, the SST prediction errors are significantly negative and cover a large area in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, thus limiting the model skill in predicting the intensity of El Nino. The large-scale SST errors, at their early stage, are generated gradually in terms of negative anomalies in the subsurface ocean temperature over the central-western equatorial Pacific,featuring an error evolutionary process similar to that of El Nino decay and the transition to the La Nina growth phase.Meanwhile, for short lead-time ENSO predictions, the initial wind errors begin to play an increasing role, particularly in linking with the subsurface heat content errors in the central-western Pacific. By comparing the multiple samples of initial fields in the model, it is clearly found that poor SST predictions of the Nino-3.4 region are largely due to contributions of the initial errors in certain specific locations in the tropical Pacific. This demonstrates that those sensitive areas for initial fields in ENSO prediction are fairly consistent in both previous ideal experiments and our operational predictions,indicating the need for targeted observations to further improve operational forecasts of ENSO.     

Microstructure of Turbulence in the Stably Stratified Boundary Layer

The microstructure of a stably stratified boundary layer, with a significant low-level nocturnal jet, is investigated based on observations from the CASES-99 campaign in Kansas, U.S.A. The reported, high-resolution vertical profiles of the temperature, wind speed, wind direction, pressure, and the turbulent dissipation rate, were collected under nocturnal conditions on October 14, 1999, using the CIRES Tethered Lifting System. Two methods for evaluating instantaneous (1-sec) background profiles are applied to the raw data. The background potential temperature is calculated using the “bubble sort” algorithm to produce a monotonically increasing potential temperature with increasing height. Other scalar quantities are smoothed using a running vertical average. The behaviour of background flow, buoyant overturns, turbulent fluctuations, and their respective histograms are presented. Ratios of the considered length scales and the Ozmidov scale are nearly constant with height, a fact that can be applied in practice for estimating instantaneous profiles of the dissipation rate.     

Kepler’s celestial two-body equation: a second attempt to establish a continuous and integrable solution via the <Emphasis Type="Italic">BPES</Emphasis>: Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme

The propagation of nonlinear waves in warm dusty plasmas with variable dust charge, two-temperature ions, and nonthermal electrons is studied. By using the reductive perturbation theory, the Kadomtsev–Petviashivili (KP) equation is derived. The energy of the soliton has been calculated. By using standard normal modes analysis a linear dispersion relation has been obtained. The effects of variable dust charge on the energy of the soliton and the angular frequency of the linear wave are also discussed. It is shown that the amplitude of solitary waves of the KP equation diverges at the critical values of plasma parameters. We derive solitons of a modified KP equation with finite amplitude in this situation.