阿尔金断裂早期走滑运动方向及其活动时间探讨

有关阿尔金断裂的地质问题长期存在争论,尤其是有关活动时间的观点最多,运动方向也有不同看法。本文阐述了阿尔金断裂的早期左旋走滑运动。在元古宙地层中产生的大型弧形构造,流变褶曲形态完整而清楚,同时镜下的显微构造观察和岩组分析,为进一步确定阿尔金断裂的早期左旋走滑运动提供了充分证据,其初始活动时间至少在８７０Ｍａ前,左旋走滑运动的确定对弄清阿尔金断裂的发展演化和矿产预测具有意义。     

碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层学研究中数据的有效性

碳酸盐岩碳稳定同位素组成数据能否有效地反应原始大洋的同位素组成是稳定同位素地层学研究成败的关键,因此,如何准确地判断碳同位素比值的有效性成为该稳定同位素地层学研究中的焦点问题之一。碳同位素值有效性受成岩作用、地层缺失、样品处理过程等多方面因素影响,但成岩作用是诸多因素中最普遍、最主要的,因而正确判别碳同位素值可靠性通常也就是对样品及其同位素组成经受成岩改造程度的评定。确保碳同位素测试结果可靠应主要把握前期严格选样和后期数据分析两个重要环节。前期选样包括野外和室内两步,是在宏观尺度上对数据可靠性的把握;后期数据分析则主要是在严格选样的基础上,利用碳(及附带的氧)同位素自身数据特征以及借助Mn、Fe、Sr等微量元素特征从元素级别的微观角度对同位素值有效性做出进一步判别。     

Intrinsic and attenuative dispersion characteristics of direct P-waves in and near the source area of the 1999 MW7.6 Chi-Chi,Taiwan, earthquake before and after the mainshock

Based on the measurement of the arrival time of maxima magnitude from band-pass filtering signals which were determined using a new Morlet wavelet multiple-filter method, we develop a method for measuring intrinsic and attenuative dispersion of the first cycle direct P-wave. We determine relative group delays of spectral components of direct P-waves for 984 ray paths from SML and ALS stations of the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network (CWBSN). Using continuous relaxation model, we deduce a new transfer function that relates intrinsic dispersion to attenuation. Based on the genetic algorithm (GA), we put forward a new inversion procedure for determining which is defined the flat part of quality factor Q(ω) spectrum, τ₁ and τ₂ parameters. The results indicate that ① The distribution of Q_m values versus epicentral distance and depth show that Q_m values linearly increase with increasing of epicentral distance and depth, and Q_m values is clearly independent of earthquakes magnitude; ② In the different depth ranges, Q_m residual show no correlation with variations in epicentral distance. Some significant changes of Q_m residual with time is likely caused by pre-seismic stress accumulation, and associated with fluid-filled higher density fractures rock volume in the source area of 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake. We confirm that Q_m residual with time anomaly appears about 2.5 years before the Chi-Chi earthquake; ③ A comparison of Q_m residual for different depth range between SML and ALS stations show that the level of stress has vertical and lateral difference; ④ The area near observation station with both anomalously increasing and decreasing averaged Q_m residual is likely an unstable environment for future strong earthquake occurrence. This study demonstrates the capability of direct P-waves dispersion for monitoring attenuation characteristics and its state changes of anelastic medium of the Earth at short propagation distance using seismograms recorded from very small events.

     

对流层平流层气溶胶粒子的形态和化学组成

分析研究了１９９３年和１９９４年的８月、９月在香河地区上空采集的单个气溶胶粒子的形态及化学元素和化合物的组成。结果表明：１９９３年,在对流层大气中的气溶胶颗粒经常出现不规则形的粒子,可能是土壤粒子;而在平流层大气中的颗粒以具有“卫星”结构的硫酸粒子为主;硫酸铵粒子则经常出现在对流层的中、下部。香河地区上空颗粒物的化学元素组成比较复杂,单一化学元素组成的粒子较少,粒子主要含有Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ,Ａｌ和Ｓ等元素。气溶胶的化合物有硫酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐等     

Hydrological cycle and water balance estimates for the megadune–lake region of the Badain Jaran Desert,China

The hydrology and water balance of megadunes and lakes have been investigated in the Badain Jaran Desert of China. Field observations and analyses of sand layer water content, field capacity, secondary salt content, and grain size reveal 3 types of important natural phenomenon: (a) vegetation bands on the leeward slope of the megadunes reflect the hydrological regime within the sandy vadose zone; (b) seepage, wet sand deposits, and secondary salt deposits indicate the pattern of water movement within the sandy vadose zone; (c) zones of groundwater seeps and descending springs around the lakes reflect the influence of the local topography on the hydrological regime of the megadunes. The seepage exposed on the sloping surface of the megadunes and gravity water contained within the sand layer confirm the occurrence of preferential flow within the vadose zone of the megadunes. Alternating layers of coarse and fine sand create the conditions for the formation of preferential flows. The preferential flows promote movement of water within the sand layer water that leads to deep penetration of water within the megadunes and ultimately to the recharging of groundwater and lake water. Our results indicate that a positive water balance promotes recharge of the megadunes, which depends on the high permeability of the megadune material, the shallow depth of the surface sand layer affected by evaporation, the occurrence of rainfall events exceeding 15 mm, and the sparse vegetation cover. Water balance estimates indicate that the annual water storage of the megadunes is about 7.5 mm, accounting for only 8% of annual precipitation; however, the shallow groundwater per unit area under the megadunes receives only 3.6% of annual precipitation, but it is still able to maintain a dynamic balance of the lake water. From a water budget perspective, the annual water storage in the megadunes is sufficient to serve as a recharge source for lake water, thereby enabling the long‐term persistence of the lakes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that precipitation is a significant component of the hydrological cycle in arid deserts.     

考虑土-结构相互作用的振动台实时子结构试验仿真分析

本文基于状态空间方程进行了实时子结构试验的初步探索,提出了一种新的实时子结构试验方法。通过simulink仿真发现,这种方法能很好地再现整体分析的结构反应。最后,对考虑土-结构相互作用的振动台实时子结构试验进行了仿真分析。     

论大陆岩石圈内的垂直转换断层

近些年来,地震测深和重力测量方法揭示出大陆岩石圈内存在一组穿透地壳并延深到上地幔的高角度断裂,经厘定,被命名为垂直转换断层(vertical trans-form fault)。原只认为它们存在于高亚洲,包括青藏高原。本文表明其也出现于低亚洲西伯利亚平原。大陆岩石圈内是否普遍存在垂直转换断层以及它们在大陆岩石圈动力学研究中的意义,是今后构造地质学研究的方向之一。      

SEMI-LAGRANGIAN ADVECTIVE SCHEMES AND THEIR NONLINEAR COMPUTATIONAL CHAOS*

In this paper,we have suggested several interpolating formulae which are convinient for vector computers to perform vector calculation.Analysis shows that for a simple advective problem,the semi-Lagrangian schemes constructed with these formulae are linearly unconditionally stable.Moreover,we have discussed the nonlinear computational chaos in the semi-Lagrangian schemes.It is found that for a simple nonlinear advective problem,we can introduce physically unreal and direct interaction of three or more waves.Numerical tests indicate that this phenomenon has certain influence on the simulated results of two-dimensional Benard convection.     

On Liaoximordellidae Fam. Nov. (Coleoptera, Insecta) from the Jurassic of Western Liaoning, China

A new insect family Liaoximordellidae (fam. nov.) has been named for a well-preserved specimen which was collected from the Upper Jurassic outcropping west of Daxinfangzi Village, Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province. The specimen can not be put into Mordellidae or Praemordellidae because it possesses some original and intermediate characters in morphology. It serves the study of mordellid evolution. Besides, the fossil group associated with the insect is important for the stratigraphic division of the Mesozoic in western Liaoning.     

The Geothermal Study of the Mid-Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Its Neighboring Region

In this paper,25 new terrestrial heat flow values newly observed along the mid-segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone are listed.With these geothermal data and 37 other terrestrial heat flow values(previously published),we describe the distribution features of terrestrial heat flows in the area.In this research,the two-dimensional temperature structure from the surface to lithospheric bottom of the Huaibei-Sixian-Jinhu profile is inferred by using the finite-element method and the temperature and heat flow of sedimentary,granitic,and basaltic layers is calculated.