青藏高原羌塘北部托和平错一带二叠系展金组火山岩的特征及构造环境

西藏改则县托和平错地区展金组中发育一套早—中二叠世以玄武岩类为主、玄武安山岩次之、安山岩少量的海相火山岩组合。该火山岩中玄武岩、玄武安山岩的SiO2含量为44.43%～54.87%,TiO2含量多在4%以上,K2O+Na2O平均为4.57%,玄武岩类富K,玄武安山岩富Na。区内火山岩富集K、Ba、Th、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Sm、Ti、Cr,亏损Rb、Nb、Hf、Sc,Y/Nb在0.322～0.499之间。综合常量元素和微量元素特征,可将该火山岩归入碱性玄武岩系列。区内火山岩从基性到中性稀土元素总量基本没有变化,REE平均为402.31×10-6,LREE/HREE为8.17～12.69,为轻稀土强烈富集型,δEu为0.93～1.04,平均为0.99,无Eu异常,玄武岩的Th/Ta值多数大于1.6。火山岩的地质特征和地球化学特征表明,本区火山岩产出的大地构造环境为冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂谷环境。     

中国煤层气勘探开发进展综述

综述了中国煤层气勘探开发利用现状,尤其是“十五”期间中国煤层气取得的进展。总结了中国煤层气资源勘探开发成果:基础研究和应用研究齐头并进;勘探方向更加明确;煤层气勘探开发关键技术类型多样,试验推广应用范围扩大;十大重要勘探成果初露煤层气产业化曙光。国家级沁南潘河煤层气开发示范项目、晋城寺河煤层气开发项目、沁南枣园煤层气开发试验项目、阜新煤层气开发试验项目的建成和投产,标志着中国开始进入煤层气商业化开发阶段。     

中国煤层气选区评价标准探讨

煤层气选区评价关系到勘探的成功与否,是煤层气勘探研究最基础的工作。近年国内外煤层气成藏理论、开发技术的快速发展,使得低煤阶气藏、连续薄层气藏、高煤阶低渗气藏等都获得成功开发,大大拓宽了煤层气的开发领域。此前国内在中煤阶成藏优势论基础上建立的选区标准已不适合当前的要求。根据当前存在的问题,结合煤层气成藏类型、地质特点和技术现状,对中国煤层气勘探选区评价标准进行了研究,试图建立一套煤层气选区评价标准,以期对国内煤层气选区评价工作提供借鉴。     

新疆二叠纪泛准噶尔超级湖盆之商榷

新疆准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地二叠纪沉积的显著特征是,湖盆长期持续沉降堆积了巨厚的湖相建造,包括厚达上千米的暗色泥岩/油页岩,是现今该区油气勘探中的主力烃源岩层。目前对湖盆的规模、潜力等有不同认识,这直接涉及到对烃源岩层油气勘探潜力的评价,影响油气资源的勘探。1新疆地区泛准噶尔二叠系二叠纪在新疆地史发展中有着承前启后的特殊作用,既是槽台发展的结束,又是中、新生代盆地发展的开始。二叠系是北疆各盆地的主要油源岩,在油气勘探中具有重要地位[1]。海西运动使新疆大多数海域相继回返褶皱成山,结束地槽发展的历史。北疆海水几乎全…     

European winter precipitation extremes and large-scale circulation: a coupled model and its scenarios

Summary The physical coupling between the occurrence of winter heavy precipitation in Europe and the surface large-scale circulation is studied by isolating their coupled modes with a singular value decomposition technique. The leading mode is a clear manifestation of the North Atlantic Oscillation forcing. The second mode reflects the influence of a centre-of-action in the pressure field westward of the British Isles. The Hadley Centre Coupled Model (3^rd generation) is skilful in reproducing these two modes and an eastward extension of the North Atlantic Oscillation towards the Mediterranean Basin is projected under two future climatic scenarios. This extension yields an increase in the North Atlantic Oscillation forcing over the occurrence of heavy precipitation in several regions of Southern Europe, which is corroborated by the changes in the coupling of the daily precipitation. A combination of the first six coupled modes of the daily precipitation revealed that its amounts in some parts of Western Europe and the Mediterranean are effectively governed by the large-scale circulation. The model is still reasonably skilful in reproducing this large-scale coupling. The projected modifications, both in the strength and in the patterns of the coupled modes, explain important fractions of the projected changes in variance, which ultimately have implications in the occurrence of heavy precipitation in several European areas. Therefore, the ability of a model in reproducing the large-scale forcing over the daily precipitation is important for the reliability of its projections of the occurrence of heavy precipitation in Europe.     

Dissolution mechanisms of goethite in the presence of siderophores and organic acids

In dynamic natural systems such as soils and surface waters, transient biogeochemical processes can induce strong chemical non-steady-state conditions. In this paper, we investigate the effects of non-steady-state conditions on ligand-controlled iron oxide dissolution. The rates of goethite dissolution at pH 6 in the presence of low molecular weight organic acids (oxalate, citrate or malonate) were observed. Non-steady-state conditions were induced by rapid additions of fungal, bacterial or plant siderophores. In the presence of the low molecular weight organic acids, dissolved iron concentrations are below detection limit as predicted by equilibrium solubility calculations. The rapid addition of the siderophores triggered reproducible, fast dissolution of kinetically labile iron from the iron oxide surface. The same effect was observed upon rapid additions of high citrate concentrations to goethite-oxalate suspensions. The concentration of the labile iron pool at the mineral surface was a function of the surface concentration of the low molecular weight organic acids and of the reaction time before addition of the siderophores. Isotopic exchange with ⁵⁹Fe independently confirmed the existence of the labile iron pool before addition of the siderophore. A dissolution mechanism was elucidated that is consistent with these observations and with accepted models of ligand-controlled dissolution. We conclude that the fast dissolution reaction observed here is an important process in biological iron acquisition and that it is based on a general geochemical mechanism.     

陕西凤县八方山-二里河（铜）铅锌矿床地质特征及成矿模式

在综合分析凤-太矿集区成矿构造特征的基础上，依据以往总结的凤．太矿田铅锌、金矿聚矿构造模式，通过对八方山-二里河铅锌矿床地质特征的分析，总结了找矿标志，初步认为八方山-二里河（铜）铅锌矿床的成矿模式为：“前泥盆纪海底热水喷流沉积一印支-燕山期构造改造型”铅锌矿床。认为成矿物质来源于基底，后期的构造-岩浆改造使基底成矿元素活化，沿同生断裂迁移、改造，最后在泥盆系中形成的扩容性构造部位富集成矿。提出了下一步扩大找矿的方向和建议。     

新疆东天山十里坡自然铜矿化区马头滩组玄武岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄及其意义

新疆北部东天山十里坡地区近年来新发现了与玄武岩有关的自然铜矿化这一新类型。自然铜的赋矿地层-马头滩组中的赋矿玄武岩锆石 LA-ICPMS 年龄为307±4Ma,对应于晚石炭世,显示该套赋矿地层属于上石炭统。从该区自然铜赋矿火山岩所限定的时间看,成矿背景应属于后碰撞环境。东天山十里坡地区自然铜矿化的构造背景、成矿系统和矿化类型与峨眉山玄武岩自然铜矿化和美国基威诺铜矿床均存在差异,自然铜矿化的成因可能也存在差异。     

四川“金土地工程”区农业地质调查评价的方法

简要介绍了四川省地质调查院在"金土地工程"区开展农业地质调查评价试点研究项目的背景、目标任务、方法技术和提交的主要成果。通过试点研究,确定了该项工作的内容以土壤地球化学测量为主,地质、遥感等多种综合调查手段为辅的综合调查,其核心是土地质量的地球化学综合评估。     

塔河地区加里东中期古岩溶作用及分布模式

地震资料解释、地层古生物、钻井地质及地球化学等方面的证据证实塔北地区存在加里东期运动及该期岩溶作用。本文探讨了原岩性质、断裂裂缝发育程度、古地貌形态、古气候等岩溶发育的控制因素,从岩石学、锶同位素、包裹体特征等方面建立了识别加里东期大气水作用的标志,指出早期断裂及伴生裂缝发育程度是加里东中期岩溶作用的主控因素,总结了该期岩溶具有以下特征:①层控性:岩溶发育具有发育面积广,深度浅,在不整合面以下0～35m发育;②断控性:较大溶洞发育在断裂附近;③有效储层具较强非均质性。由此预测该储层发育区位于古风化壳剥蚀区和加里东期断裂发育区的叠合部位,主要位于阿克库勒凸起的轴部倾没端和塔河西南部、东南部的北东向、近南北向断裂发育区。该期岩溶的存在与发现,对塔河油田南部的油气勘探具有重要意义。