海岸带临港工业、海运物流与全球化大生产的探讨

海岸带是世界人口密集、经济发达的地带，在全球经济一体化和全球化大生产中具有重要的地位。近半个世纪以来，海岸带临港工业迅速崛起并持续高速发展，依托海港建设、大型船舶运输发展起来的临港工业和海运物流，在跨国公司的运作下形成了现代意义上的全球化大生产。这种生产方式使资源贫乏的日本快速发展成发达国家；深圳赤湾临港工业区成为中国高效益工业的典范。本文着重讨论了海岸带经济建设中大力发展临港工业对地区、国家和全球经济的影响，指出中国21世纪应大力开发利用海岸带港湾资源、重点建设全球化大生产的大进大出的基地，建立若干个具有国际竞争力的海岸带产业中心，推动国民经济持续、快速发展。     

Climatic characteristics of convective and stratiform precipitation over the Tropical and Subtropical areas as derived from TRMM PR

Climatic characteristics of convective and stratiform precipitation over the Tropical and Subtropical areas are investigated based on the measurements of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s(TRMM) Precipitation Radar(PR) from 1998 to 2007.Results indicate that convective precipitation are distributed mainly over the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ),the South Pacific Convergence Zone(SPCZ),the Asian Monsoon Region,regions between the South America and the Mid-America,and the Tropical Africa where the frequencies lie between 1% and 2%.But in four seasons,total area fractions of convective precipitation frequencies less than 1% all exceed 85%.The frequencies of stratiform precipitation are much higher than those of convective precipitation,and total area fractions of stratiform precipitation frequencies >1% are over 55% during four seasons.However,frequencies of the two rain types show not only remarkable regionality,but also distinct seasonal variations.Conditional rain rates of convective precipitation range from 6 to 14 mm/h whereas those of stratiform precipitation are smaller than 4 mm/h.Meanwhile,rain tops of convective precipitation are higher than those of stratiform precipitation.The mean profiles of the two rain types show significant latitudinal dependency.And the seasonal variations of precipitation profiles are displayed mainly in the variations of rain tops.The frequencies and conditional rain rates of both rain types over ocean are higher than those over land,but rain tops are just the opposite.Moreover,the seasonal variations of both rain types over ocean are weaker than those over land because of the different stable states of underlying surfaces.     

Physics of Seismic Source Ⅲ. Statistical Mechanics of Earthquakes

The statistical mechanics of earthquakes adopts the concepts and methodology of statistical mechanics, especially the theory of critical phenomena, in studying the preparation, initiation, propagation and healing of earthquake rupture, which forms a new branch in the physics of seismic source in recent years. This article introduces to the fundamental concepts of the statistical mechanics of earthquakes. The introduction includes the seismic Hamiltonian, percolation model, earthquake rupture nucleation, and Burridge-Knopoff spring-block model. It is pointed out that some of the statistical mechanical models of earthquakes have a sound seismological basis. There is a smooth "transition" from the "classical" theory to the "modern" theory of seismic source.     

Study on Variation of Fitting Goodness of Relation Between Earthquake Frequency and Magnitude before Moderately Strong Earthquakes (Ms≥5.0)

In this paper,characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of linear fitting goodness before some moderately strong earthquakes(Ms≥5.0)in the eastern part of China(east of longitude 180)are studied according to the famous Gutenberg-Richter's relation expressed as lgN=a-bM,by using the moderate and small events that occurred in and around the source area.The results show that the linear goodness of fitting varies abnormally prior to these moderately strong earthquakes.In the early stage of the earthquake preparatory process,distribution of the energy released through small events in and around the source area is isostatic and the fitting goodness approximates 1,while the distribution of the energy turns to be isostatic before moderately strong earthquakes,leading to the obvious decrease of the linear goodness of fitting.This phenomenon could be a medium term anomaly and a medium term criterion for moderately strong earthquake prediction.     

香山绝对点周围的局部地壳变形及其对重力测量结果的影响

为了监视北京地区的地壳稳定性，北京测绘院对10多个基岩点和北京市区进行了多次沉降观测，结果表明香山点近10多年来高程变化只有几毫米，其重力效应可略而不计，但测点东北和东南方有两个较大的下沉区。用线积分法计算了两个局部沉降的重力效应，在沉降区中心其影响可达0.38μms^-2，但对香山点的重力效应非常小，完全可以忽略。因此得出如下结论：香山点观测到的重力变化不是地壳变形引起的。     

浅议矿业权转让市场建设与地勘行业改革的关系

笔者从地勘单位由事转企改革的角度,分析论证矿业权转让市场建设的迫切性,并对矿业权转让市场建设中有关的交易对象、矿业权价值认定、矿业权利益取得以及市场的启动与运作等问题,提出了一些具体的意见,使该市场真正对地勘改革和社会主义市场经济建设起到积极地促进作用。     

大坂山含“铬矿物”石英闪长岩岩石特征

大坂山“铬矿物”产出于灰绿色中细粒石英闪长岩中,笔者从区域地质特征、岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学、同位素等方面对石英闪长岩进行了较全面的研究后认为,该套岩石成因为壳幔混合型,构造环境为北祁连加里东洋盆收缩阶段板块俯冲作用下形成的火山弧,岩石成岩时代为早奥陶世,铬矿物形成深度约30km,受区域性岩石圈断裂带控制。     

A geochemical survey of thermal springs in western part ofRepublic of Yemen and their geothermometric characteristics

The high-mineral contents of some thermal waters are believed to have medicinal properties. Numerous spas and bathhouses might be built at these hot springs to take advantage of theses supposed healing properties such as skin diseases, rheumatism and so on. This paper is to find thermal reservoir and to classify the kinds of water. The majority of thermal springs are found discharging from igneous centers of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic fields of the western Yemen (research area). Structurally these volcanisms are connected to N-NW faults that are parallel to the main Red Sea trend. Temperature and pH values of the thermal spring range 37℃-96℃, and 6.3-8.7 respectively. The Yemen/thermal waters indicate high variability in composition since they are ofNa (K) -CI, Na=HCO3 and Ca (Mg) =SO4 types, whereas the surficial waters have the typical worldwide Ca (Mg) -HCO3 composition. Different liquid phase geothermometers,such as SiO2, K^2/Mg and Na/K. Estimated reservoir temperatures ranging 70℃-140℃ perform equilibrium temperature evaluation of the thermal reservoirs.     

山东济阳坳陷始新统-渐新统天文地层界线年龄分析

山东济阳坳陷沙河街组上部天文地层研究是以牛38井沙三段中亚段顶界年龄34.892Ma作为标定,分析和计算出沙二段下亚段底年龄为33.799Ma、沙段二段上亚段底为33.338Ma、沙一段底为32.940Ma和东营组底为31.829Ma。从天文地层界线年龄分析,沙三段-沙二段界线的年龄大致可对比为"国际地层表(2004)"始新统-渐新统界线年龄33.90Ma,而沙二段下亚段-上亚段界线年龄比国际始新统-渐新统界线的滞后大约600ka。在"中国区域地层表"始新统-渐新统界线年龄(32Ma)和"国际地层表"的始新统-渐新统界线年龄(33.9Ma)之差的1.9Myr,大致相当于本区计算的沙一、二段的持续时间。SP数据的小波分析表明,在沙二段-沙三上亚段界线附近,即约33.8Ma之后,约405ka周期开始变得不明显、不规则,幅度亦下降,剧烈突变发生时间在33.4Ma左右。上述界线对应偏心率周期的理论值突变的时间。因此推论始新世-渐新世转折期是偏心率多个理论周期重迭而导致的一个特殊的时期,也是本区沙二段下亚段这段地层形成不整合面的时间,大约在33.8—33.4Ma期间。     

大别山太湖地区榴辉岩峰期变质条件与构造意义

大别山太湖地区曾被作为“冷”、“热”榴辉岩带的交界处所在,我们对大别山太湖地区的进行了1：10000地质填图,并详细研究了该地区榴辉岩的岩相学和矿物成分变化,以及KD值、峰期变质P-T条件。研究表明榴辉岩自南向北可分为三类：①朱家冲型榴辉岩;②大坝型榴辉岩;③金河桥型榴辉岩。其中朱家冲型榴辉岩和金河桥型榴辉岩显示出明显的温度、压力差异,它们形成的P-T条件分别为：P=2．14GPa、T=563℃和P=3．76GPa、T=791℃。大坝型榴辉岩的峰期变质P-T条件差别较大,在柯石英-石英相变线附近徘徊,变质环境相当于高压一超高压过渡环境。朱家冲型榴辉岩与大坝型榴辉岩分别对应于前人所划分的“冷”、“热”榴辉岩,并且两者在峰期,变质温、压条件上是连续变化的,没有明显的温、压间断。因此,我们认为本区所谓的“冷”、“热”榴辉岩带界线是不存在的。