一种改进的GVF蛇模型水域矢量边界更新方法

目的 利用现势性较好的真彩色遥感影像,基于已有水域矢量边界数据,提出了一种改进的GVF蛇模型水域矢量边界数据更新方法。将已有水域矢量边界数据作为GVF蛇模型初始位置,用真彩色遥感影像彩色梯度作为GVF求解中的边缘梯度,通过轮廓演化实现水域矢量边界精化,以满足水域矢量边界数据更新的要求。实验表明,本方法相比传统的GVF蛇模型、四元数及数学形态学方法具有更高的精度,而且在一定距离范围内对初始边界位置不敏感。     

Rock-slides on road cuttings in the Dinaric karst of Croatia: processes and factors

The northern Adriatic coast, which forms part of the Dinaric karst system, is bordered by high mountains. Here, the occurrence of rock-slides and rock-falls in road sections with high cuttings excavated in recent times and more than one century ago has been documented. Some of these old slopes were stable for a long time before rock-slides started to occur. We propose that these mass movements are favoured by karstification processes acting along joints in the exposed rock mass. The stress changes induced by overburden removal (excavation) cause dilation in the mass joint systems reducing the rock mass strength and facilitating the circulation of aggressive water. Changes in water pressure and temperature, wetting and drying cycles, and corrosion processes along discontinuity planes entail a reduction through time of the shear strength of potential failure surfaces.     

Variations in soil properties and their effect on subsurface biomass distribution in four alpine meadows of the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau of China

To understand and predict the role of soils in changes in alpine meadow ecosystems during climate warming, soil monoliths, extending from the surface to the deepest roots, were collected from Carex moorcroftii, Kobresia humilis, mixed grass, and Kobresia pygmaea alpine meadows in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monoliths were used to measure the distribution with depth of biomass, soil grain size, soil nutrient levels, and soil moisture. With the exception of the K. pygmaea meadow, the percentages of gravel and coarse sand in the soils were high, ranging from 37.7 to 57.8% for gravel, and from 18.7 to 27.9% for coarse sand. The texture was finest in the upper 10 cm soil layer, and generally became coarser with increasing depth. Soil nutrients were concentrated in the top 15 cm soil layer, especially in the top 10 cm. Soil water content was low, ranging from 3 to 28.4%. Most of the subsurface biomass was in the top 10 cm, with concentrations of 79.8% in the K. humilis meadow, 77.6% in the mixed grass meadow, and 62.3% in the C. moorcroftii meadow. Owing to deeper root penetration, the concentration of subsurface biomass in the upper 10 cm of K. pygmaea soil was only 41.7%. The subsurface biomass content decreased exponentially with depth; this is attributed to the increase in grain size and decrease in soil nutrient levels with depth. Soil water is not a primary factor influencing the vertical and spatial distribution of subsurface biomass in the study area. The lack of fine material and of soil nutrients resulted in low surficial and subsurface biomass everywhere.     

Emergence patterns and microhabitat preference of aquatic dance flies (Empididae; Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) on a longitudinal gradient of barrage lake system

Aquatic dance flies (Empididae; Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) are important components of freshwater assemblages, especially in running waters. They are predators as larvae and adults and thus essential for understanding aquatic food webs. This study was conducted in Plitvice lakes National Park (Croatia) representing a wide variety of freshwater habitats (springs, streams, lakes and tufa barriers). Adults were collected monthly from March 2007 until March 2009 using pyramid-type emergence traps at 13 locations. A total of 3865 specimens comprising 18 species were collected. The dominant genus was Chelifera, while the most abundant species was Hemerodromia unilineata. All species were univoltine except Chelifera precabunda, Chelifera pyrenaica and Chelifera stigmatica that were bivoltine. Considerable differences in composition and structure of aquatic dance flies assemblages were recorded along a longitudinal gradient of studied sites, primarily related to differences in physical and chemical parameters of water. Water temperature was the main factor influencing the timing of emergence. Hemerodromia species preferred variable water temperature throughout the year while the majority of the Chelifera species preferred stable water temperature characteristic of spring sites. Furthermore, discharge affected assemblage composition of aquatic dance flies. The highest abundance of aquatic dance flies was recorded in lotic habitats with fast water current over substrates of moss, gravel and particulate tufa with detritus. These results give a new insight on microhabitat preference and their distribution on unique karstic habitats.     

短波红外光谱技术在矽卡岩型矿床中的应用——以鄂东南铜绿山铜铁金矿床为例

铜绿山铜铁金矿床是长江中下游铜铁多金属成矿带最重要的矽卡岩型矿床之一,矿床的形成与铜绿山石英闪长岩株体密切相关,矿体主要沿北北东向断裂产于石英闪长岩与大理岩/白云质大理岩的接触带,形成钙-镁复合型矽卡岩铜多金属矿化。围岩蚀变由致矿岩体到接触-蚀变矿化中心为:绢云母-绿泥石-钾化带、高岭石-绿泥石-弱矽卡岩化带、皂石-绿泥石-强矽卡岩化带。蚀变矿化期次可分为岩浆-热液期和表生期,其中,岩浆-热液期可分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段。绿泥石是钻孔岩芯中出现最多且分布最为广泛的蚀变矿物之一。经短波红外光谱(SWIR)研究发现,从蚀变矿化中心到外围,绿泥石出现由铁绿泥石/铁镁绿泥石逐渐转变为镁绿泥石,且绿泥石Fe-OH特征吸收峰位值(Pos2250)显示出从高值变为低值的趋势。结合其他蚀变矿物的空间分布特征,文章提出绿泥石的高Fe-OH特征吸收峰位值(Pos22502253 nm)与金云母、蛇纹石、绿帘石、皂石和高岭石的大量出现,对指示铜绿山矽卡岩型矿床的矿化中心具有一定的作用。     

高频电磁法在鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起区砂岩型铀矿勘探中的应用

砂岩型铀矿已经成为中国非常重要的铀矿类型,不少资料表明,在含油气盆地中,砂岩型铀矿与油气藏的关系密切,大型沉积盆地不但是油气田勘探的重要靶区,也是寻找砂岩型铀矿的重要方向。在地球物理勘探中,每种地球物理方法都有其应用条件和优缺点,寻找一种快速经济有效的适合铀矿勘查手段显得非常重要。高频电磁法是一种野外数据采集设备轻便、观测时间短、可快速密点连续测量的方法。本文针对砂岩型铀矿的特点,在应用该项技术进行铀矿勘查方面进行了一系列研究,自行开发了针对性的二维反演软件,有效提高了测量分辨率和地质解释的精度。本文介绍了高频电磁法在寻找砂岩型铀矿勘探方面的应用实例与效果,提出了以后开展类似工作的建议。     

综合指数法在石城崮铁矿采空区稳定性评价中的应用

据初步统计,临沂市现有非煤矿山采空区101个,面积787万m2。在目前的资金和技术条件下,难以对所有采空区都进行工程治理,必须分类处理。为正确决策采空区的治理措施,需要全面评估采空区的稳定性。本文在充分调研各种采空区稳定性评价方法的基础上,应用综合指数法对石城崮铁矿采空区的稳定性进行了评价分析。通过计算地质因素和开采技术条件的综合评价指数,最终得到了该采空区的综合评价结果。评价结果显示该采空区目前处于较稳定状态,该评价结果与实际情况吻合较好。     

用优势应力分量逼近方法反演分析某水电站地下厂房区地应力状态

本文叙述了应用有限元优势应力分量逼近反演分析地应力场的方法。该方法通过少数点实测应力结果,结合工程地质资料,采用有限元数值模拟分析的方法反演工程区初始应力场。利用该方法并结合某水电站工程的实际情况进行了电站主厂房的地应力场分析,得到了在优势应力分量上与实测值相拟合的工程区剖面最大、最小主应力量值及其方向的分布图,并对工程区整体应力分布状况做了分析与探讨。     

Evaluation of equivalence between different methods for enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria before and after adoption of the new Bathing Water Directive and risk assessment of pollution

The quality of bathing water is of considerable public importance due to the possibility of fecal contamination. In 2009, Croatia implemented the new European Bathing Water Directive (BWD, 2006/7/EC) establishing stricter microbiological standards for new parameters with new reference methods. This study aims to evaluate the equivalence of different methods according to the old and revised BWD and to provide the possibility of data comparison. Furthermore, the directive requires the establishment of the bathing water profile (BWP) for pollution risk assessment. The estimation of consistency of pollution risk assessment with obtained microbiological results was also performed.     

基于时间序列的InSAR相干性量级估计

本文提出了一种适用于InSAR数据处理的自适应相干性量级估计方法,该方法能够满足复信号随机平稳的假设前提,并兼顾运算效率与估计精度.此方法生成的相干图具有很好的分布特征,避免了影像空间分辨率的损失.提出的算法分为两个步骤:(1)根据地物后向散射特性,对时间序列SAR影像进行聚类分析,选择具有同分布的样本,保证SAR影像质地平稳条件;(2)对干涉图进行条纹频率估计,采用极大似然(ML)条纹频率估计方法去除系统相位引起的复信号非平稳性,并根据Cramer-Rao边界条件改善条纹频率的估计精度.以美国南加州洛杉矶地区的ENVISAT ASAR数据集为例,本文将新方法与现有方法进行了量化分析.结果表明,较传统方法而言,基于时间序列的相干性估计方法能够得到更可靠、精度更高、空间特征更鲜明的干涉相干图.