用气象卫星资料监测冬麦长势和估测产量的研究

利用１９９２、１９９３年的气象卫星资料，分析植被指数与甘肃省冬麦区３３个县市冬麦产量的关系，发现绿峰植被指数与产量存在极好的相关性。另外，从预测产量的角度和预报时限要求出发，可用４月中下旬累积植被指数预测冬麦产量，并给出了预报方程。     

黑龙江伊春红山华夏—安加拉混生植物群

系统研究了黑龙江省伊春红山地区晚二叠世红山组植物群,认为其性质为华夏—安加拉混生植物群。华夏植物区与安加拉植物区的界限,应以内蒙古陆及其东、西延展部分为界。     

Comparison of the spatial distribution of ground motion between main shocks and strong aftershocks

Using the ground motion attenuation relation, we calculated and compared the effective peak acceleration (EPA) generated by main shocks and their strong aftershocks of 21 earthquake sequences with MS≥7 occurred in Chinese mainland and offing of China during 1966~2002. The result shows that EPA of strong aftershocks usually exceed that of main shock for 76.2% earthquake sequences and EPA of more than 50% strong aftershocks are greatly lar-ger than that of main shocks in large area, which suggests that it is necessary to take damage produced by strong aftershock into account in the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the seismic design.     

无缝立体正射影像数据库的概念、原理及其实现

为了充分地开发和利用航空摄影测量所形成的立体模型,在二维无缝正射影像数据库的基础上,提出了无缝立体正射影像数据库的概念,即在摄影测量所形成的区域范围内,利用原始影像、定向参数及DEM,通过数字投影处理的方法,用无缝镶嵌的数字正射影像和立体辅助影像形成对摄影区域范围内无缝立体覆盖,即可以恢复摄影时记录的地形表面和地物碎部的三维信息,又可以通过立体观察设备进行无缝立体观察、浏览量测。为了方便立体观察、高精度立体量测和应用,对数字正射影像、立体辅助影像、像片定向参数及其DEM通过数据库的方式进行管理,形成区域范围内的无缝立体正射影像数据库。试验表明,无缝立体正射影像数据库具有良好的应用价值和应用前景。     

多尺度的DMC彩色合成影像辐射再处理方法

在分析DMC（digital mapping camera）彩色合成影像存在的色彩过渡不平滑现象的特点和成因的基础上,提出了一种多尺度辐射再处理方法来改善影像质量。该方法采用多尺度处理策略,能自动定位拼接线和过渡区域的具体位置。实验表明,本文方法能够有效地改善DMC彩色合成影像的质量。     

Demersally drifting invertebrates from Kongsfjorden,Svalbård (Arctic Ocean)–a comparison of catches from drift-pump and drift-nets

Demersally drifting organisms were collected at Ny Ålesund (Svalbård–Arctic Ocean) to study the taxon composition and relative abundances in the Arctic summer. Catch potentials of two collection devices for demersal drift were compared. A lowvolume submersible drift-pump and a drift-net unit were employed for the collection of demersally drifting biota, particularly for shallow aquatic habitats. With the exception of Appendicularia, Chaetognatha, Coelenterata, and Ctenophora, which were damaged at times, the pump catches were in good condition and sufficient for identification and quantification of less mobile fauna. A comparison of the two devices revealed that the drift-pump collected more specimens than the drift-net. However, the drift-net may have caused an underestimation of the abundances of invertebrates. No differences in identified taxon number and indices of richness, evenness and diversity were found. However, the proportion of invertebrate animals in the two devices was different for the three groups: zooplankton, macrofauna and meiofauna. At Svalbård, zooplankton, larvae of macrofauna, and meiofauna were successfully collected by the two collecting devices. However, the catchibility of the two devices in collecting various invertebrate taxa was different and, therefore, a sound ‘Device Effect’ was revealed.     

球体模型的视电阻率特征及其影响因素的分析

利用计算机模拟技术,以直流电法中二极装置为研究对象,讨论了地下均匀无限半空间中存在球形异常体的测深曲线的异常特征和探测深度问题。这里定义了最小、最大、最佳探测可靠异常极距,并讨论了最小、最大、最佳探测可靠异常极距与球体半径、球体中心埋深、相对电阻率的关系,来说明二极装置在球形异常体条件下的勘探深度。     

基于情景分析的天津市滨海新区地面沉降预测

鉴于地面沉降演化的地质系统渐变性特征,从主要致灾因子考虑建立地面沉降数值模型。设计3种地下水开采情景,编译计算机程序预测地下水位动态变化过程中的地面沉降值。至2020年,在最不利、适中和最理想3种情景下天津市滨海新区最大累计沉降量分别达640 mm、520 mm和150mm;全区平均累计沉降量分别达268 mm、177 mm和95 mm。     

宁夏红石湾煤矿涌水量评价

在分析红石湾煤矿区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,对矿井的充水因素进行了论述,认为区内的古近系孔隙水含水层分布广,厚度大,富水性较强,但由于其距首采区的主采煤层(三煤)较远,导水裂隙带的最大破坏高度尚未达到该含水层,且其间有近20m厚的隔水层,所以该含水层对煤矿开采影响较小;影响区内煤矿涌水量的主要含水层为二叠系石盒子组砂岩含水层和山西—太原组砂岩含水层。采用富水系数比拟法、狭长水平巷道水动力学法、大井法对煤矿涌水量进行了计算,通过对各种计算方法适应性的评述及计算结果的对比,最后选用狭长水平巷道水动力学计算结果作为矿井正常涌水量,大井法计算结果作为矿井的最大涌水量。     

长白山区暗棕壤成土作用地球化学特征

以代表性暗棕壤垂直剖面土壤地球化学数据为依据,研究了长白山区特定的森林景观条件下成土过程中元素的分异与富集特征。研究结果表明,在岩石风化过程中主要以CaO、 Na2 O、 Sr淋溶为主,有机酸淋溶过程中SiO2、 Al2 O3、 K2 O部分被淋溶,部分游离铁下渗到土体中下部氧化成铁锰胶膜;微量元素在风化过程中被次生黏土矿物吸附,不同程度地富集,在腐殖质积累过程中Cd、 Zn、Pb、 Mo、 Hg、 Co、 Mn、 Cr等亲生物元素进一步富集于表层土壤, Ce、 Ni、 Sb、 Ti、 V、 Y、 Zr在表生环境中地球化学性质稳定,残留富集于土壤表层。母质层继承和保留了基岩元素地球化学分布的基本特征。