新疆阿吾拉勒西段流纹岩及其对该区岩石圈深部过程的约束

西天山二叠纪的岩石圈深部过程是备受关注的地球动力学问题,新疆阿吾拉勒西段下二叠统流纹岩提供了理解这个问题的良好机会。阿吾拉勒西段流纹岩发育流纹构造、斑状结构,斑晶主要为条纹长石、斜长石和石英,长英质基质呈雏晶微晶结构。岩石为富硅(66.97%~79.00%)、高钾(2.86%~11.07%)钙碱性、准铝质(A/CNK=0.91~0.99)岩浆系列。流纹岩富集U、Th和K等元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Eu、P等元素,显示εNd(t)正值(4.7~5.1)和低的初始锶比值((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705 1~ 0.705 6),锆石饱和温度为818~909 ℃,幔源物质明显。与高分异I型花岗岩地球化学性质相似,岩浆可能起源于壳幔边界早石炭世新生下地壳的部分熔融。流纹岩锆石U Pb法测年获得(290.9±3.3) Ma和(296.3±3.1) Ma的早二叠世成岩年龄,岩浆的起源可能与北天山洋关闭之后洋壳岩石圈板块尾部断离导致软流圈物质和能量上涌并引起新生下地壳底部重熔等深部过程有关。     

红笛鲷NCCRP-1基因原核表达条件的优化及纯化

通过克隆编码红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)非特异性毒性细胞受体蛋白-1(nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein-1,NCCRP-1)成熟肽基因序列,然后与载体连接构建pET21a-NCCRP融合蛋白表达载体,将其转入大肠杆菌BL21进行诱导表达并优化条件。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)浓度0.8 mmol/L、37℃条件下培养3 h后表达量最大,分子大小与预期值相符,融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式高效表达,通过HisTrap HP柱子使其得到进一步纯化;Western blot分析表明,该融合蛋白可与鼠抗His-tag单克隆抗体发生特异性结合,说明获得该表达产物。     

苏通大桥结构健康状态评估技术研究与应用（1）：拉索损伤识别

采用改进的RBF神经网络建立了苏通大桥拉索损伤识别方法。2个不同阶固有频率之比是仅与损伤位置有关的结构振动参数,据此定义了用于损伤定位的损伤特征指标,并用其来训练神经网络;提出了基于R＋^2准则与Jackknife校验的改进RBF算法,以有效地控制RBF网络的过拟合现象。算例结果表明,所提出的方法可以较好地对苏通大桥斜拉索进行损伤识别。     

基于有限断层模型的芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震强地面运动特征

基于芦山地震的震源破裂过程反演结果,利用有限断层模型,以芦山地区三维地壳速率结构模型为基础,对芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震引起的强地面运动进行了模拟.对这次地震中由典型盲断层引起的强地面运动数值模拟结果反映了与实际震害相近的分布特征:断层上盘的宝盛、龙门及芦山以北位于极震区,也是强地面运动的高强度集中区,特别是垂向分量的速度、加速度峰值均在该地区达到了最大值,最能反映地表震害特征的竖向地震加速度在龙门一带达到了350gal,与极震区Ⅸ度的烈度相当,而在芦山以北龙门一带,瞬时竖向位移峰值高达110cm,这些特征与实际震害分布是非常相近的.综合分析认为,这次地震强地面运动表现出了明显的逆冲断层引起的强地面运动的分布特征,同时在强地震动传播过程中,由于高陡峭地形地貌特征及四川盆地内山间盆地的影响,地形地貌和盆地效应对地震波的反射和放大作用明显加强,也是该地区地震破坏强度增大的重要因素.     

Analysis of the Trends of Thunderstorms in 1951–2007 in Jiangsu Province

Based on the 1951–2007 thunderstorms in Jiangsu, a study is conducted for their climate trends, periodicity, spatiotemporal patterns, and the distributions of the first and last days of the thunderstorms at different guarantee rates (GRs) using climate tendency rate, wavelet analysis, and GR for diagnosis. Results suggest that the inter-annual number of thunderstorm days (TSDs) exhibits a decreasing trend in this province. The trend is displayed mainly in the decreasing TSD number in summer and autumn except in spring, when the variation is not significant in the study period. In this province, the TSD number declines by ~2 days per 10 years. On an inter-annual basis, the pronounced positive departures of the number take place chiefly in the early 1960s, the late 1960s to the early-mid-1970s, the late 1980s, and the late 1990s compared with the negative anomalies dominant in the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, the mid-to-late-1990s, and the late 1990s to 2007. There are vast differences in the initial and ending days at diverse GRs in different areas of the province. At 50% GR, the earliest (last) days occur from mid-March to early April (early to late September) while at 80% GR, the initial (last) days are from late March to early May (early to late October). For the distribution of periods, the periods >8–10 years are relatively stable for the entire province. Based on 1951–2007 period analysis, the region north (south) of the Huaihe River experiences TSDs less (more) than normal days in recent years.     

中国工业废水达标排放的区域差异与收敛分析

水体中污染物主要来自人们的生产和生活活动.工业发展所排放的大量工业废水不仅影响着人们的饮水安全,也给生态环境带来一定程度的破坏.本文以工业废水排放达标率为着眼点,对1998～2008年我国八大区域T业废水达标排放的区域差异进行了σ收敛和β收敛分析.研究表明,中国区域间工业废水达标排放的总体差异没有呈现出显著的σ收敛.从...     

Effects of Mixing Granular Iron with Sand on the Kinetics of Trichloroethylene Reduction

A substantial cost of granular iron permeable reactive barriers is that of the granular iron itself. Cutting the iron with sand can reduce costs, but several performance issues arise. In particular, reaction rates are expected to decline as the percentage of iron in the blend is diminished. This might occur simply as a function of iron content, or mass transfer effects may play a role in a much less predictable fashion. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the performance consequences of mixing Connelly granular iron with sand using the reduction kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) to quantify the changes. Five mixing ratios (i.e., 100%, 85%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of iron by weight) were studied. The experimental data showed that there is a noticeable decrease in the reaction rate when the content of sand is 25% by weight (iron mass to pore volume ratio, Fe/V_p = 3548 g/L) or greater. An analysis of the reaction kinetics, using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation, indicated that mass transfer became an apparent cause of rate loss when the iron content fell below 50% by weight (Fe/V_p = 2223 g/L). Paradoxically, there were tentative indications that TCE removal rates were higher in a 15% sand + 85% iron mixture (Fe/V_p = 4416 g/L) than they were in 100% iron (Fe/V_p = 4577 g/L). This subtle improvement in performance might be due to an increase of iron surface available for contact with TCE, due to grain packing in the sand-iron mixture.     

黏性土剪切带的形成与其屈服的内在联系的探索

为了深入了解黏性土的应力应变特性,对黏性土进行了量测侧向变形的不排水平面应变压缩试验。分析试验结果发现,黏性土局部化变形的起始点与黏性土样中的孔隙水压力的突然增长的转折点非常接近,而孔隙水压力开始急剧增长变化的转折点为其屈服点,说明黏性土剪切带开始形成的偏应力为其屈服点,超过此点后黏性土局部化变形加剧,这个发现将有助于土体在强度理论、变形和稳定分析等方面的深入研究。     

三峡工程一期蓄水后长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

根据2003年6月和2007年4月长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn和Cd等重金属元素含量的实测资料,采用3种评价方法(基于沉积物质量标准的评价、生物效应浓度阈值法和潜在生态危害指数法)对其污染及生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明:三峡工程一期蓄水后Cu在第二类沉积物中的比例上升,偶尔对生物产生的负面效应有增加趋势,Cr则恰好相反,Pb、Zn和Cd在不同沉积物标准中所占比例基本不变,对生物的负面效应较低。从总的污染程度来看,长江口及其邻近海域污染程度和潜在生态风险为低级。典型污染要素的污染程度由高到低的顺序为:Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd;各污染物对生态风险影响程度由大到小的顺序为:Cd > Cu > Cr > Pb > Zn,前两种元素是研究区主要的潜在生态风险因子。在三峡工程一期蓄水早期(2003年),长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物总的潜在生态风险指数和单个污染物的潜在生态风险系数较蓄水前有所增加,2007年的风险水平与1988-1992年基本持平。     

华北板块北缘中段含铁变质岩系的时代和构造环境初探

内蒙北部苏尼特右旗以北二道井、哈拉干和红格尔地区的含铁变质岩系中变质基性火山岩Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ全岩等时线年龄为１５１１±７６Ｍａ，这表明该岩系属中元古代而不是以往推测的早古生代，等时线的εＮｄ（ｔ）值为＋６．３±１．７，属亏损型地幔源区岩相学分析表明它形成于规模不大，具中等水深和较弱水动力条件的较封闭海域。据上述特征推测，华北板块北缘中曾存在中元古代初动型火山陆缘。