雨涝灾害对舞钢市棉花生产的影响

通过田间调查，对2004--2006年棉花不同阶段雨涝情况对棉花生育及产量构成的影响进行了比较分析，并提出了相应的抗灾减灾对策。     

黄河中游山陕区间近50a降水分布特征及其变化特点分析

利用1951年以来的降水资料，分析了山陕区间近50a来降水的时空分布规律和变化特点。结果表明区间降水量的分布受地形影响十分显著，并且年内分配不均、年际变化大，阶段性和周期性比较明显。此外，近50a来降水量的变化除3月和6月外均呈减少趋势。     

大同－阳高2次地震前长治电感地应力的异常特征

大同－阳高２次中强地震前，长治电感地应力曾出现明显的趋势异常和短临异常。本文就长治地应力的观测条件以及地震前后的异常特征进行了分析研究，认为对于山西地震带北部地区的地震监测预报有参考价值。     

塔吉克斯坦吉萨尔─中国新疆阿克苏10年强震危险区的圈定研究

帕米尔与天山为当今大陆内部最活跃的地区之一。合作研究该处１０年强震危险区在联合国减轻自然灾害１０年活动中有重要现实意义。我们在共同编制１：５０００００地质图、新构造图、卫片解译图、活断层图、强震等震线图及在研究区域重力、磁场、地壳岩石圈厚度、基底等深线的基础上，圈出１４个５．５级以上地震危险区。卫片显示的线性构造是基底构造在地表的反映，已切到地表的线性构造─—活断层是重要的发震构造。危险区的大小按吉萨尔－阔克萨勒等震线理论模式圈定。震级大小按活断层闭锁段的长度或４级以上地震空区的范围估算。１０年内地震危险区的个数，据历史地震的活动水平判定。地震活动的时间及其顺序按强震迁移规律及危险区判据的充分程度确定。阿图什以东、乌什、吉萨尔以酉及加尔姆酉南是今后１０年的主要强震危险区。     

新疆乌苏一呼图壁县一带活断层及古地震

在解译法国斯波特(SPOT)卫星影象基础上,实地勘查了独山子背斜北翼地区,确定出7条活断层。古地震和活断层的研究表明,北天山西部山前一带为潜在震源区。     

二台断裂南段的第四纪活动

二台断裂南段在乌伦古河流域分叉、折尾,显示出破裂末端特征。据断层活动资料,自晚更新世中期以来南段有5次活动,主要为右旋逆走滑活动,末端为右旋正走滑。水平错动幅度达3个量级4个梯度,最大达350m。1984—1988年形变测量资料表明该段目前正以2.1mm/年的速率作左旋旷动。各种古地震活动标志表明南段大震平均复现期为3500±290年。     

新疆鄯善碱泉子—巴里坤洛包泉活动断裂带研究

通过对碱泉子—洛包泉活动断裂带中碱泉子、红山口及洛包泉3 条活断层断坎微地貌的实测,尤其是对洛包泉活断层地衣直径及醉汉林胸径的实测,认为碱泉子活断层中全新世以来的垂直活动速率为0.99±0.02 m m /a～1.85±0.03 m m /a;红山口左旋正断层构成顺坡向断层陡坎,坎高1.6～7.0 m ,中全新世以来垂直活动速率为0.26±0.02 m m /a～0.95±0.06 m m /a,按其形成的水系左错1.6～2.8 m 计算,其水平活动速率为0.22±0.01 m m /a～0.38±0.03 m m /a,红山口活断层滑动速率为0.35～1.02 m m /a;洛包泉活断层地表破裂带长13 km ,断坎高3.6～14.8 m ,是由1914 年8 月5 日发生的7 12 级地震造成的。     

基于“三调”成果的底图应用分析

在生态文明建设的背景下,自然资源管理面临新要求、新挑战。围绕自然资源部“两统一”职责的实现,统一的底图底数是开展部门各项工作的基础和前提。第三次国土调查是自然资源部组建以来最新、最全面的一次国土调查,为统一底图底数奠定了良好的基础。本文提出基于“三调”成果分步开展“基础调查与专项调查”“现状与管理”的数据融合方法,同时借助专项调查丰富自然资源的自然、经济、社会、生态属性内容,形成一张支撑自然资源管理工作的应用底图。     

Responses of soil fauna structure and leaf litter decomposition to effective microorganism treatments in Da Hinggan Mountains, China

Microorganisms are nutritious resources for various soil fauna.Although soil fauna grazing affects microorganism composition and decomposition rate,the responses of soil fauna and leaf litter decomposition to added microorganism is little understood.In this study,in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest of Tahe County in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains,China,three sampling sites(each has an area of 10 m2) were selected.The first two sites were sprinkled with 250 times(EM1) and 1000 times(EM2) diluted effective microorganism(EM) preparations evenly,and the third site was sprinkled with the same volume of water as a control site.The responses of soil fauna structure and leaf litter decomposition to EM treatment were conducted during three years.The results revealed that EM treatment resulted in significant increase of soil organic matter.The number of soil fauna in the EM1 and EM2 sites increased by 12.88% and 2.23% compared to the control site,and among them springtails and mites showed the highest increase.However,the groups of soil fauna in the EM1 and EM2 sites decreased by 6 and 9,respectively.And the changes in the diversity and evenness index were relatively complicated.EM treatment slowed the decomposition of broad-leaved litter,but accelerated the decomposition of coniferous litter.However,the decomposition rate of broad-leaved litter was still higher than that of coniferous litter.The results of this study suggested that the added microorganisms could help individual growth of soil fauna,and this method led to a change in the process of leaf litter decomposition.This paper did not analyze the activity of soil microorganisms,thus it is difficult to clearly explain the complex relationships among litter type,soil fauna and soil microorganisms.Further research on this subject is needed.