黄河三角洲人类干扰活动强度变化及其景观格局响应

本研究以湿地变化较为剧烈的黄河三角洲为研究对象,基于RS技术和GIS空间分析方法,利用人为干扰度模型,结合区域人工沟渠建设情况,从区域和局地两个尺度直观揭示人类干扰强度时空分异特征,并探究区域景观格局对人类干扰活动的响应,以期为黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态保护与人类活动调控提供决策支持。结果表明：① 1995-2015年现代黄河三角洲区域人为干扰度和人工沟渠密度均明显增加,空间分布呈现从西南部向东部、北部,自内陆向沿海的扩展趋势;② 随着人类活动强度增强,研究区自然湿地面积减少,区域景观多样性和空间异质性增加,景观整体连通性减弱,景观复杂性降低;③ 景观格局对人类干扰强度变化的响应关系呈现出地区和时间差异;人类干扰活动强度相对较低的保护区受人工沟渠建设的影响,也呈现出斑块团聚程度降低、景观多样性增加和景观复杂性降低的变化趋势;④ 人为干扰度指数和人工沟渠密度指标互为补充,互相印证,可以较为全面、客观地反映黄河三角洲地区人类干扰活动强度。     

Sound speed dispersion characteristics of three types of shallow sediments in the southern yellow sea

To accurately characterize sound speed dispersion of shallow sediments in the Southern Yellow Sea, three types of sediments, i.e., silt, clayey silt, and silty clay, were selected to measure the sound speeds at 25–250?kHz. Over the frequency range, the sound speeds vary approximately from 1,536 to 1,565?m?s^?1 in silt sediment, from 1,511 to 1,527?m?s^?1 in clayey silt sediment, and from 1,456 to 1,466?m?s^?1 in silty clay sediment. The sound speed exhibits a slow increase with frequency in a nearly linear gradient, but these three types of sediments have different sound speed dispersion characteristics. The silt sediment with relatively coarse grains has the most significant sound speed dispersion, while the sound speed dispersions of the two others are relatively weak. Comparison between the measured dispersions and the model predictions shows that the grain-shearing model can match the measured data at most of frequencies. Nevertheless, when the grain bulk modulus was assigned 3.2?×?10¹⁰?Pa according to relevant references, the Biot–Stoll model predictions were higher than the measured values at high frequencies; when it was assigned a relatively small value of 2.8?×?10¹⁰?Pa, the model predictions achieved optimal matching with the measured values.     

我国大洋钻探船的建造需求和功能设计

为加快我国大洋钻探船的设计和建造,填补国内该领域的空白,保障我国对深海矿产资源的勘探和开发利用,文章概述世界主要大洋钻探船的基本情况,分析我国建造大洋钻探船的必要性和经验基础,并提出我国大洋钻探船的功能设计。研究结果表明:参与国际合作项目的大洋钻探船主要包括美国"格罗玛·挑战者"号、"乔迪斯·决心"号和日本"地球"号;从开发利用深海矿产资源和深度参与国际海底事务的角度,我国对大洋钻探船的需求迫在眉睫,且我国已在深水勘察船和钻井船等的设计和建造方面积累了宝贵经验;我国大洋钻探船的功能设计主要包括船型、总体布置、推进和定位方式、钻探和岩芯采集系统以及船载实验室等方面,应参考其他相关和类似船舶,结合我国深海大洋勘探和开发利用的具体任务需求综合设计。     

烟台市不动产数据整合建库关键技术研究

通过全面收集土地、房屋、林业、海域登记图形、属性和档案数据,实施清理、外业核查、信息补录等工作,得到完整、齐全的数据。按照建库标准和入库要求,对所有数据进行统一转换,分别对土地和房屋的图形数据、属性数据及档案数据建立一一对应关系,并开展关联校验工作。将土地和房屋各自关联后的数据成果进行空间逻辑组建及权属关联,实现"房地合一"。按照不动产数据库设计规范要求,将已整理完备的不动产数据统一入库,为不动产相关业务系统提供基础数据资源。     

农业景观格局演变及其生态效应研究进展

农业景观格局演变的驱动力及生态效应研究具有重要的意义, 目前研究主要集中在农业 景观格局及其组分的动态变化, 在驱动力和生态环境效应等方面的研究则是案例较多、归纳总结 和机制研究相对薄弱。分析了形成当前研究状况的原因并提出了今后研究的重点方向, 包括发展 能够反映生态过程的景观格局指数、归纳农业景观演变的驱动机制、农业景观格局变化的生态环 境效应机理研究、发展景观格局整体性指标和长期定位观测数据相结合研究方法、农业景观变化 所带来的生态恶化的恢复因子和恢复方法的研究、加强农业景观规划设计研究和实施、高效农田 景观结构设计机理研究。     

Microtektites in the Middle Pleistocene deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea*

This is a preliminary study on the microtektites that were found in large numbers from the interval between 7.80 and 8.10 m depth of core S095-17957-2 (10°53.9’N, 115°18.3’E, water depth 2 195 m), northern Nansha area of the South China Sea. The microtektites vary in shape, with spherules predominating, and are commonly less than 1 mm in diameter, transparent or semitransparent, brownish in color, with bubbles inside. Based on coarse fraction stratigraphy and foraminifera/nanofossil biostratigraphical events the microtektite layer was assigned to nearly the Bm-hes/Matuyama magnetic reversal boundary (some 0.78 MaBP). Obviously, the present microtektites, and those found from the middle Pleistocene of the Indian Ocean, Australia and loess of northern China, were products of the same impact event and therefore, are useful as a reliable mark in Quaternary stratigraphy, as well as in paleoclimatic studies. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49676287, 49732060).     

东亚地区气象参数卫星遥感反演理论和方法研究Ⅰ:ISPRM和SRRM

文中对10a来改进的同步物理反演方法(ISPRM)实践与发展进行了总结。在不违背先验信息和卫星测值之间独立的原则下,所做的改进都是针对这类非适定反演问题的欠定性(under-determinedness)进行的。由适定反演理论知道,正演是反演的基础,又是卫星辐射率测值输入和反演结果输出之间的桥梁。为了获得好的正演,就必须竭尽可能充分利用一切可以使用的先验信息,把非适定反演问题转化成适定的反演问题,从而通过Ridge回归或Bayes反演过程,把先验信息、理论模拟信息和卫星探测信息三者最佳地结合起来,以最大限度减少这类反演问题的欠定性对数值解的影响。     

对地震保险若干问题的思考

论述了地震保险中所涉及的一些有关问题,并提出了一些见解,包括：地震保险列独立险种还是附加险,地震保险是政策性业务还是商业性业务、地震保险是强制保险还是自愿保险、如何经营地震保险。     

利用航磁资料分析研究古冲沟及其分布规律

利用对原始航空磁测资料进行处理后而得到的方向导数和磁性基岩深度图等资料 ,结合钻井与地质资料总结归纳出东营凹陷地区古冲沟分布的磁场解释标志 ,分析推断出研究区内的古冲沟分布规律。经与地震资料对比验证 ,其结论基本吻合 ,为油气田的进一步开发提供有利的勘探远景区 ,对推测其它区域的古冲沟分布起到很大的类比和外推作用。     

Petrology of ureilites from Grove Mountains, Antarctica：Constraints on the origins

Ureilites are a common group of achondrites with a high abundance of carbon. They probably have a genetic relationship with chondrites, hence provide an insight into origin and evolution of terrestrial planets. A new meteorite-rich region, Grove Mountains (GRV), was found by the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition, with discovery of 9834 meteorites. Of 2433 meteorites classified, 9 ureilites have been identified. In this paper, we report petrography of 6 of these ureilites. Four ureilites contain graphite and exhibit triangle conjunction and common reduced margins of olivine. GRV 052382 probably experienced heavy shock metamorphism followed by fast cooling, as indicated by mosaic texture or fine-grained granular texture of olivine. GRV 022931 was highly reduced of these ureilites, with olivine as isolated grains in abundant carbonaceous matrix. All 9 ureilites are monomict, and are classified into subtype II (with medium FeO content, Fa15-18) and subtype I (with high FeO content, Fa>18) based on compositions of the cores of olivine. The diverse mineral compositions and petrography of these ureilites suggest that they are not paired and reveal a multi-event history of the parent body. Partial melting of the parent body produced carbon-rich magma, followed by crystallization of graphite and silicates. Later, graphite was partially inverted to diamond by shock events. Reburial of the shocked debris experienced various degree of thermal metamorphism. Finally, these rocks were excavated from the parent asteroid and ejected into Earth-cross orbit by another impact event.