Evidence for strengthening of the tropical Pacific Ocean surface wind speed during 1979–2001

Using multiple surface wind speed (SWS) data sets and trend empirical orthogonal function analysis, we have explored the trend in SWS associated with the large-scale tropical Pacific atmospheric circulation for the period 1979–2001. The present research provides a robust evidence of strengthening of the tropical Pacific Ocean SWS during this period and the magnitude is generally in line with the finding of Wentz et al. The strengthening in SWS is closely associated with the so-called La Ni?a-like sea surface temperature (SST) trend pattern rather than the changes in the ENSO, ENSO Modoki, or PDO. The present results, together with those from some recent climate model simulations, suggest that global warming forcing may have caused an intensification of SWS in the tropical Pacific Ocean by inducing the La Ni?a-like SST trend pattern due to ocean dynamics. Meanwhile, the strengthening in the tropical Pacific Ocean surface trade winds may also feedback to enhance the La Ni?a-like SST trend pattern under the positive wind-upwelling dynamic feedback mechanism.     

重塑黄土的加载速率效应研究

为了揭示不同加载速率条件下重塑土的变形与强度特性对工程实践的影响,通过不同围压、含水率条件下重塑土样在4种加载速率条件下的三轴CU试验,对重塑土在不同状态下的加载速率效应进行分析,并从土的结构性入手对其与原状土加载速率效应的差异进行讨论。基于重塑土样的三轴试验成果,得到了加载速率对重塑土变形与力学特性的影响规律:重塑土的应力-应变曲线在不同加载速率条件下均表现出应变硬化特性;破坏强度随着加载速率的增大而表现出先增大后减小的特性,存在临界加载速率;随着加载速率的增大,黏聚力c先增大后减小,也存在临界加载速率,而内摩擦角φ则保持了小幅减小的趋势。     

Prediction for potential landslide zones using seismic amplitude in Liwan gas field,northern South China Sea

The Liwan (Lw) gas field located in the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS) is extremely complex for its sea-floor topograghy, which is a huge challenge for the safety of subsea facilities. It is economically impractical to obtain parameters for risk assessment of slope stability through a large amount of sampling over the whole field. The linkage between soil shear strength and seabed peak amplitude derived from 2D/3D seismic data is helpful for understanding the regional slope-instability risk. In this paper, the relationships among seabed peak, acoustic impedance and shear strength of shallow soil in the study area were discussed based on statistical analysis results. We obtained a similar relationship to that obtained in other deep-water areas. There is a positive correlation between seabed peak amplitude and acoustic impedance and an exponential relationship between acoustic impedance and shear strength of sediment. The acoustic impedance is the key factor linking the seismic amplitude and shear strength. Infinite slope stability analysis results indicate the areas have a high potential of shallow landslide on slopes exceeding 15° when the thickness of loose sediments exceeds 8 m in the Lw gas field. Our prediction shows that they are mainly located in the heads and walls of submarine canyons.     

松达煤田煤岩层的物性特征及测井曲线对比

松达煤田位于巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国信德省塔塔区（Thatta district,Sindh province,Pakistan）,地层自老至新由由侏罗系Chiltan组,古新统Bara组、Lakhra组,始新统Laki组和第四系组成。通过对松达煤田煤岩层测井物性参数的统计和曲线形态的分析,总结出该区煤岩层测井曲线独有的物性特征。根据密度、三侧向电阻率、自然伽马、声波等测井曲线在煤层、灰岩、砂岩、泥岩、细砂岩等岩性上的组合特征,进行了岩煤层的对比。全井田自上而下共解释分煤层组11个与灰岩层组3个,其中对6个较发育煤层进行了详细的说明。     

基于全球降水数据估计值的地表径流模拟--以长江上游地区为例

为了评价在相对较短时间内针对长江上游地区地表水径流所建立模型的模拟效果,以及检验以GCM模型和其他卫星数据所估算的降水数据作为输入数据的可行性,选择分布式水文模型HSPF以及1987年和1988年的ISLSCP降水数据作为输入数据。模型模拟结果表明:从整个长江上游地区看,在校正期内,5天平均流量的Nash–Sutcliffe相关系数(R2) 为0.94;在验证期内,Nash-Sutcliffe相关系数(R2) 为0.95。此外,该模型对长江上游主要支流的5天平均流量的模拟效果也很好,R2的值在0.46到0.96之间。例外的情况主要发生在沱江和嘉陵江,模型对2年洪水期的峰值流速的估计值偏低,沱江只有实际值的71%,嘉陵江只有实际值的61%。ISLSCP估计的降水比实际测量的降水频繁且程度要弱,这可能是HSPF不能在所有时间和所有区域都具有较好模拟效果的一个主要原因。     

东亚地区气象参数卫星遥感反演理论和方法研究I:ISPRM和SRRM

文中对10a来改进的同步物理反演方法（ISPRM）实践与发展进行了总结。在不违背先验信息和卫星测值之间独立的原则下,所做的改进都是针对这类非适定反演问题的欠定性（under－determinedness）进行的。由适定反演理论知道,正演是反演的基础,又是卫星辐射率测值输入和反演结果输出之间的桥梁。为了获得好的正演,就必须竭尽可能充分利用一切可以使用的先验信息,把非适定反演问题转化成适定的反演问题,从而通过Ridge回归或Bayes反演过程,把先验信息、理论模拟信息和卫星探测信息三者最佳地结合起来,以最大限度减少这类反演问题的欠定性对数值解的影响。     

火－沉粘土岩的成因标志及研究方法

论述了火－沉粘土岩的概念、产状、岩石特征、矿物成分、化学成分和自然伽马测井曲线等成因标志以及研究方法,对其命名问题也提出了意见。      

工具种轮叶黑藻的组织培养与快速繁殖

利用组织培养技术对工具种轮叶黑藻进行快繁研究,建立无菌体系后,在0.5和l倍MS培养液中添加0.5-2mg/L BA及O.1-0.2mg/L IAA进行芽诱导;在0.25、0.5和l倍MS培养液中添加0.1-0.2mg/L LAA进行根诱导.结果发现,1倍MS lmg/LBA 0.1mg/LIAA培养基获得最大芽数及芽生物量,最适合芽诱导;0.5倍Ms O.1mg,LIAA或l倍MS 0.2mg,LIAA培养基最能促进根的发展.芽增殖使轮叶黑藻繁殖效率达每季度1800倍以上;再经根诱导,快速形成完整植株,提高定居能力.在室外水体中以两种密度(100株/m2,320株/m2),三种底质(沙,泥,泥 沙(1:1V/V))上进行移栽,成活率100%.21d后,高密度群落覆盖度大于70%.表明该技术不仅可在短期内获得大量种苗,且种质优,为沉水植被恢复工程奠定关键的基础.     

Identification of Microplankton in South China Sea with Image-Matching Individual PCR

In this study, marine microplankton were identified by combining standard light microscopy with Sanger 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The image-matching individual PCR technique was applied to identify the image collectable unicellular microplankton to genera. Instead of pure strain culture and morphological identification, microplankton individual cells were isolated and fixed with glutaraldehyde, frozen and stored for months. Finally, they were imaged under a microscope and molecularly identified via phylogenetic analysis of their 18S ribosomal RNA gene(18S rDNA). Microplankton cells were collected at 30 locations in South China Sea, and were assigned to 21 known and 4 unidentified genera(2 uncultured fungi and 2 uncultured stramenopiles) with phylogenetic analysis in parallel to the morphological identification.     

水库地震震源深度校核方法研究与应用

采用人工方法对溪洛渡库首区流动台和距离地震震中最近的4~5个台站的原始数据进行重新分析,将获得的地震震源深度与台网目录的震源深度进行对比分析,发现二者存在明显偏差。流动台和距离震中最近的台站确定的震源深度能更合理地解释地震的成因及水库诱发地震的机理,可为其他水电工程研究水库诱发地震成因时运用地震观测数据确定较为可信的地震震源深度方法提供参考。