春季西亚地表热力异常与初夏东北冷涡活动年代际变化的联系

基于1979~2015年中国月平均站点温度资料,计算了初夏东北冷涡指数,分析了初夏东北冷涡活动的年代际变化特征。在此基础上,进一步探讨了东北初夏冷涡活动与春季西亚地表热力异常之间的可能联系,并初步讨论了前期西亚地表热力异常影响东北初夏冷涡活动的可能过程。结果表明:（1）1979~2015年间,初夏东北冷涡强度表现出明显的年代际变化特征,2000年前,冷涡活动总体偏强,之后总体减弱。（2）春季西亚地表热力状况在2000年前后也发生了明显的年代际转变:2000年前总体偏冷,之后明显偏暖。（3）春季西亚地区的地表热力异常与东北冷涡活动的在年代际尺度上联系密切。西亚地表异常偏冷,东北冷涡活动偏强;而西亚地表异常偏暖对应了偏弱的冷涡活动。初步分析发现,西亚地表热力因子可能通过影响大气环流分布并通过遥相关型影响我国初夏东北地区冷涡,当然相关的机理还有待深入分析。     

An improvement of soil temperature simulations on the Tibetan Plateau

The simulation of soil temperature on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a dominant role in the performance of both global climate and numerical weather forecast models. To improve the simulation of soil temperature on the TP, the Johansen soil thermal conductivity parameterization scheme was introduced into Community Land Model 3.5 (CLM3.5) and Regional Climatic Model 4 (RegCM4). The improved CLM3.5 and RegCM4-CLM were utilized to conduct offline and regional simulation experiments on the TP. Comparison of the new and old schemes revealed that CLM3.5 provides high thermal conductivity parameters of mineral soil solid on the TP. The Johansen scheme is more practical for the TP than the soil thermal conductivity parameterization in CLM3.5. The simulation of soil temperature and liquid water content was improved in offline experiment. The improved parameterization scheme can also reduce the simulation error of soil temperature in winter throughout the entire TP.     

城市建设工程竣工测量成果的规范化及其应用

CH/T6001—2014和CH/T9025—2014于2015年1月1日颁布实施,对于城市建设工程竣工测量成果的规范化和应用推广具有重要意义。本文分析了两部标准的关系、主要内容、使用方法及其优缺点。期盼城市建设工程竣工测量成果更进一步用于地下管线数据库更新和城市三维数据建模,测绘地理信息行业主管部门尽快制定、出台相关标准。     

汕头3种人工红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落的比较

对广东省汕头市莲阳河口区恢复背景相同的拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)、海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)3种人工林和光滩湿地中大型底栖动物群落进行比较研究。结果显示,4种生境中大型底栖动物优势种(Y0.02)存在差异;相似性分析检验(One-Way ANOSIM)表明4种生境间大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著。等级聚类和非参数多变量标序也显示4种生境间的大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著。3种人工林中,无瓣海桑、海桑人工林中大型底栖动物群落结构较为相似;3种人工林中大型底栖动物物种多样性和生物量从大到小的排列次序为:拉关木海桑无瓣海桑。BIOENV分析表明大型底栖动物分布与林地土壤p H、有机质、砂粒和粉粒含量、红树植物平均株高、平均胸径、平均基径和冠幅(南北×东西)这些理化因子显著相关,这进一步证实了红树植物种类对林地大型底栖动物多样性和分布的影响。     

深圳市海岸带土地利用遥感监测方法探索

随着遥感对地观测技术的发展,卫星遥感在海岸带动态监测中占据愈来愈重要的地位,探索海岸带遥感监测的最佳方法,对今后的海岸带监测工作有重要的意义。文章从数据源、信息提取方法、监测频率这3个维度出发,选择深圳市两个典型的海岸带区域(人类活动频繁区域和人类活动稀少区域)作为研究区,针对两种海岸带区域寻求其海岸带土地利用遥感监测的最佳方法。研究结果表明:对于人类活动频繁区域(深圳湾北岸),数据源最好选择高分辨率ZY-3卫星影像,土地利用信息提取方法选择支持向量机分类,监测周期1~2年为最佳;对于人类活动稀少区域(大鹏湾东岸),数据源则可以选择分辨率较低的Landsat 8卫星影像,土地利用信息提取方法依然以支持向量机分类方法为最佳,监测周期则为5年。     

铜陵矿集区深部发现126Ma的正长花岗岩:来自3000m科学钻探的证据

铜陵矿集区3000 m科学钻揭示,舒家店地区在1775 m以下存在红色的正长花岗岩,从该深度继续钻进约700 m后仍为这种岩石,而这种岩石在地表或其他钻孔中从未见到过。研究表明,正长花岗岩以富硅、富碱,富含高场强元素如Zr、Nb、Y和轻稀土元素(Eu除外)和较低的Mg O、Ba和Sr的含量为特征,全岩的10000Ga/Al比值为2.6,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y350×10-6,稀土元素配分模型具有明显的Eu负异常,微量元素原始地幔标准化曲线具有明显的Ba、Sr、P、Ti亏损,表现出A型花岗岩的地球化学属性。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,该A型花岗岩的年龄为126 Ma,与长江中下游地区其他A型花岗岩的时代一致,属于长江中下游地区三期岩浆活动当中的第二期岩浆活动的产物。研究表明,长江中下游地区3次岩浆作用与岩石圈的多次拆沉作用密切相关,而且每一次拆沉作用都会使壳幔附近的深位岩浆房向地壳浅部迁移,而A型花岗岩则是迁移到浅部的深位岩浆房诱发的地壳部分熔融形成的岩浆,沿断裂带侵位而形成,也标志着本区的构造背景在126 Ma时处于拉张的高峰期。     

Numerical analysis of the geotechnical behaviour of energy piles

Energy geostructures are rapidly gaining acceptance around the world; they represent a renewable and clean source of energy that can be used for the heating and cooling of buildings and for de‐icing of infrastructures. This technology couples the structural role of geostructures with the energy supply, using the principle of shallow geothermal energy. The geothermal energy exploitation represents an additional thermal loading, seasonally cyclic, which is imposed on the soil and the structure itself. Because the primary role of the piles is the stability of the superstructure, this aspect needs to be ensured even in the presence of the additional thermal load. The goal of this paper is to numerically investigate the behaviour of energy pile foundations during heating–cooling cycles. For this purpose, the finite element method is used to simulate both a single and a group of energy piles. The piles are subjected to a constant mechanical load and a seasonally cyclic thermal load over several years, imposed in terms of injected–extracted thermal power. The soil and the pile–soil interface behaviours are reproduced using a thermoelastic‐thermoplastic constitutive model. The thermal‐induced stresses inside the piles and the additional displacements of the foundations are discussed. The group model is used to investigate the interactions between the piles during thermo‐mechanical loading. The presented results are specific to the studied cases but lead to the conclusion that both the thermal‐induced displacements and stresses, despite being acceptable under normal working conditions, deserve to be taken into account in the geotechnical design of energy piles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.