THERMOHALINE FINESTRUCTURE AND ITS RELATION WITH THE WATER MASSES AND CURRENTS SYSTEM IN THE NORTHERN EAST CHINA SEA

Eighy-one CTD profiles gathered in springtime were used for northem East China Sea tbermohalinefinestructure studies indicating that the finestructure properties vaned with region and depth, as shown infinesructure specra, distribution of Cox numbers etc..Some results closely wiated to distribution of watermasses and Analysis of two typical profiles revealed differenes in autospectra of temperature,salihity and potential density gradients, probobility distribution of temperature finestructure gradient,Cox numberc.etc. The probability density function of vertical temperature gradients, which varied withsample interval, is given. The variances of temperatare finestructare gradient are used to estimate the lat-eral diffusivity and lateral temperatare flux, which were 10.3 (m~2/s) and 5.5×10~(-4) (℃ m/s),respectivly.     

四川盆地及其周缘下古生界页岩气保存条件研究

页岩气的勘探表明,页岩含气已成为一个不争的事实,但是含气的规模以及是否具有工业价值需要进一步研究。与美国相比,中国页岩气具有独特的地质条件,页岩气保存条件可能是中国南方下古生界页岩气勘探研究的重点。文中以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界下寒武统和上奥陶统-下志留统页岩层系为研究对象,从物质基础、构造作用和演化历史、地层水条件、盖层及其微观性质、天然气组分和压力系数等几个方面对页岩气的保存条件进行研究,并综合分析各种指标,提出页岩气保存条件综合评价指标体系,以期对四川盆地及其周缘下古生界页岩气勘探提供更进一步的参考资料。     

化学物相分析在物料成分全分析数据处理中的应用

讨论了化学物相分析在物料成分全分析数据加合平衡计算中的作用。根据对不同类型、不同共生组合且具有代表性的物料成分全分析数据平衡计算过程中所推荐的计算程序和计算结果,介绍了化学物相分析在物料成分全分析数据处理中的实际应用。同时阐述了具体应用对象、应用规则、应用模式以及应用过程中需要注意的问题等。     

亚硝基-R盐分光光度法测定铜镍锰矿中的钴

利用钴与亚硝基R盐在pH 5.5~7的乙酸溶液中,生成红色可溶性络合物,进行光度测定。拟定了刚果(金)高铜、高镍、高锰样品中钴的测定方法。实验确定了样品的溶解方式、显色剂的浓度及用量、煮沸时间和放置时间,并对矿样中铁、铜、镍、锰等主要干扰元素进行了试验。分析结果经标准样品验证、方法比对,均符合分析规范要求。     

Connotation and Evaluation Index System of Beautiful China for SDGs

The construction of Beautiful China is the vital way to realize ecological civilization and build a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also a new goal and a good vision for building a community with a shared future for mankind. This work deeply analyzed the historical evolution of the "Beautiful China" thought, its relationship with sustainable development and ecological civilization, and expounded the scientific connotation and key evaluation dimension of "Beautiful China". At the same time, the evaluation index system based on the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and supported by multi-source data such as Big Earth Data, network data and statistical data was constructed to provide reference for the evaluation of “Beautiful China”. The research showed that: \mathrm{①} The essence of Beautiful China is a complex “areal system of man-land relationship” composed of natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems; \mathrm{②} “Blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony” are the perfect interpretations of the construction of Beautiful China; \mathrm{③} The work builds a comprehensive index system of “Beautiful China” from the aspects of “blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony”. The index system consists of 13 specific targets and 43 specific evaluation indicators.     

Long-term thermal stability study of the typical embankment along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in warm permafrost regions北大核心CSCD

Using the long-term ground temperature monitoring data of the permafrost zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2006 to 2020,three types of typical roadbed structures were analyzed. Traditional embankment（TE）,U-shaped crushed rock embankment（UCRE）and crushed rock revetment embankment（CRRE）were included the three types of typical roadbed,which were selected to the long-term monitoring sections within the warm permafrost zones. The evolution of ground temperature field,mean annual ground temperature （MAGT）and annual maximum ground temperature（AMGT）in the depth range of 20 m under the embankment were analyzed and studied since 15 years of operation. The monitoring and analysis results show that：the growth rate of MAGT under the left and right shoulders of the TE is always higher than that of the same depth in the natural site. The MAGT under the UCRE is always lower than the natural site and always maintains a certain difference,whereas,the difference in ground temperature under the left and right shoulders is also not negligible. The MAGT of the left shoulder in the CRRE is not much different from that of the natural hole,while the MAGT of the right shoulder is always lower than that of the natural hole,and the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders is smaller than that of the UCRE. The artificial permafrost table（APT）under the TE is always lower than that of in the natural site. Both the UCRE and CRRE,the APT in the left and right shoulders of them has been elevated into the embankment,and the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders is about 1. 0~1. 5 m. the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders in the CRRE is slightly lower than that of UCRE. Overall,because of the influence of thermal disturbance about engineering and climate warming,the TE in the warm permafrost zones cannot keep the thermal stability of permafrost under the embankment. Some active-cooling and reinforcement measures need to be taken. Both of the UCRE and CRRE,have a certain active-cooling effect on the permafrost under embankment,but the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders still needs to be taken seriously. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

洞庭湖区水系格局及连通性优化

江湖关系演变及强烈人类活动改变了洞庭湖区的水系格局与连通性,加剧了湖区水环境与水生态的恶化形势,开展水系格局与连通性研究是洞庭湖区水系综合整治和河湖生态修复的重要内容。基于景观生态学中网络连通度分析方法,建立了水系格局与连通性评价指标体系,包括河频率、河网密度、水系环度（α）、节点连接率（β）和网络连接度（γ）等,分析评价了洞庭湖不同片区现状及规划水系格局与连通性的差异以及合理性,提出了水系连通规划的优化方案。结果表明:现状洞庭湖区水系格局和连通性总体较好,但各个片区存在较大差异,湘-资水尾闾地区的现状水系格局和连通性良好,北部地区和松澧地区的现状水系格局与连通性较差。松澧地区水系规划方案改善了该地区的水系格局与连通性,但北部地区的规划方案并不合理。经过比选与优化,北部地区的α、β、γ指标比现状提高了13.2%、6.9%和4.7%,比原规划方案提高26.0%、9.4%和9.4%。     

南水北调中线水源区土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局

土地利用/土地覆被 (简称LULC) 变化对流域水资源动态具有深刻的影响。这对于我国大规模跨流域的南水北调工程规划尤为重要。本文制定了该工程中线水源区约95 000 km² 面积的LULC分类系统,利用2000年前后的TM影像完成LULC分布现状图,并结合DEM分析了其土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局特征。结果表明：① 研究区域森林覆盖率为50.97%,灌丛25.58%;农田约占15%,其中旱地与水田的比例约10:3;石砾裸地等强烈退化类型合占5.66%;水域约占1%。② 区内秦岭南坡、汉-丹平原丘陵、巴山北坡三部分的LULC结构存在显著差异,强度土地利用类型和退化土地类型主要分布在汉-丹平原丘陵地区;秦岭南坡耕地的水分条件较巴山北坡好,但局部土地退化现象也更严重。③ 地形对LULC具有明显影响。海拔高度控制着自然植被的垂直分异和各种土地利用类型及利用强度的分布;各土地覆被类型的分布显示了坡度对土地开发强度的限制作用;坡向对局部LULC格局的影响并不显著,但在区域尺度上可能对秦岭南坡与巴山北坡的LULC结构差异具有贡献。南水北调中线工程水源区当前的LULC结构和空间格局显示,总体上植被状况良好,高强度的土地利用类型主要集中于海拔1000m以下的平缓地区,而退化土地类型也主要存在于这一区域,是流域水质保护和环境治理的关键区域。     

过去2000年冷暖变化的基本特征与主要暖期

根据近年国内外相关研究结果,分析了北半球与中国过去2000 年冷暖变化的阶段性,辨识了百年尺度暖期的起讫年代及其与20 世纪温暖程度的差别。结果表明:(1) 最近新建的多数北半球温度变化序列显示公元1-270 年温暖;271-840 年冷暖相间,但总体偏冷;841-1290年温暖;1291-1910 年寒冷;1911 年以后再次转为温暖;这些冷暖阶段虽分别与Lamb 指出的罗马暖期(约公元前1 世纪-4 世纪中期)、黑暗时代冷期(约4 世纪末-10 世纪前期)、中世纪暖期(约10 世纪中期-13 世纪末)、小冰期(约15-19 世纪) 以及20 世纪增暖大致对应,但各阶段的起讫时间与Lamb确定的时段存在一定差别。(2) 尽管过去2000 年冷暖变化过程及其变幅大小在中国境内各个区域间并不完全一致,但从全国平均看,中国与北半球百年尺度的冷暖波动阶段基本一致,仅起讫年代存在一定差异;其中公元1-200 年、551-760 年、941-1300 年及20世纪气候相对温暖,其他时段则相对寒冷。(3) 多数序列显示中世纪期间北半球的温暖程度至少与20 世纪相当。中国941-1300 年间的最暖百年和最暖30 年(暖峰) 的温度也略高于20 世纪,551-760 年间的最暖百年与20 世纪基本相当,但1-200 年间最暖百年的温暖程度则较20 世纪略低。     

吉林省南部太古宙花岗质岩石及其成因探讨

吉林省南部早太古宙高级区和晚太古宙花岗岩—绿岩带中的英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩等广泛发育,各岩体分布明显受太古宙边缘穹隆及中央卵形隆起控制。在岩石化学特征上明显反映出英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩和钙碱性两个演化趋势。经稀土模拟计算,英云闪长岩和奥长花岗岩可能由石英榴辉岩经10—40部分熔融形成。