5 ka BP以来阿尔金山北缘冲洪积扇沉积环境变化和戈壁动力过程初步研究

中国西北干旱区有大面积的戈壁地貌,但对其形成过程的研究不多。阿尔金山北缘的沉积物记录着临近戈壁地貌的发育过程。选择甘肃敦煌南湖绿洲附近的山水沟剖面作为研究对象,在独立的光释光测年基础上,通过对比分析粒度特征、磁化率和有机碳同位素值变化,探讨5 ka BP以来阿尔金山北缘戈壁沉积动力过程及其环境控制因素。结果表明：戈壁发育进程具有波动性,戈壁沉积动力在百（千）年时间尺度上受到环境因素制约,在2.67～3.57 ka BP和1.65～1.95 ka BP干热气候条件下,沉积物搬运动力较弱,戈壁发育受限;在4.27～4.84 ka BP时期水量较大,戈壁发育范围较广,属于扩张阶段。这一结果初步揭示了戈壁地貌演化与气候环境变化的联系。     

灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)形变预测模型

结合加权非等距GM(1,1)模型与线性回归理论,构建灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型,并给出对模型预测精度起决定性作用的灰指数v和参数m的优化方法。与加权非等距GM(1,1)模型和线性回归预测模型相比,灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型的精度更高,预测有效时间更长,模型的稳定性更好。优化v和m后,灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)预测模型的实用性、稳定性进一步提高。     

前陆盆地斜坡带勘探丛式平台优选评价——以厄瓜多尔奥连特盆地TW区块为例

针对南美前陆盆地斜坡带圈闭规模小、热带雨林地貌勘探投资大、丛式平台优选难的问题,以厄瓜多尔奥连特盆地TW区块为例,在圈闭地质风险评价后,进行平台控圈闭群经济性评价,最终实现丛式平台优选评价。评价方法流程包括：1）圈闭地质风险评估和圈闭资源量评价（传统六要素评价）;2）丛式平台经济评价,设计N个平台（每个平台控制圈闭不同）,对单一平台控制范围内的圈闭进行经济性评价,包括投资（钻井、平台建设、道路及管线建设、射孔费用、地表植被复原费等）和收益（原油出售）,剔除没有经济价值的圈闭后重新对单一圈闭的经济性进行评价,直至单一平台内所有圈闭均具有经济价值;3）丛式平台和圈闭优选：根据单一平台控制圈闭总经济价值大小,优选出最优的丛式平台,按照经济价值大小对最优平台控制圈闭进行优选获得圈闭排序;4）新一轮平台和圈闭优选,删除已选出的圈闭后重新进行步骤2）-3）,最终获得研究区的平台及圈闭优选排序。运用该方法提出TW区块平台建设和圈闭钻探建议,实施效果良好。     

Changes in inland lakes on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 40 years

Inland lakes and alpine glaciers are important water resources on the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding their variation is crucial for accurate evaluation and prediction of changes in water supply and for retrieval and analysis of climatic information. Data from previous research on 35 alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were used to investigate changes in lake water level and area. In terms of temporal changes, the area of the 35 alpine lakes could be divided into five groups: rising, falling-rising, rising-falling, fluctuating, and falling. In terms of spatial changes, the area of alpine lakes in the Himalayan Mountains, the Karakoram Mountains, and the Qaidam Basin tended to decrease; the area of lakes in the Naqu region and the Kunlun Mountains increased; and the area of lakes in the Hoh Xil region and Qilian Mountains fluctuated. Changes in lake water level and area were correlated with regional changes in climate. Reasons for changes in these lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed, including precipitation and evaporation from meteorological data, glacier meltwater from the Chinese glacier inventories. Several key problems, e.g. challenges of monitoring water balance, limitations to glacial area detection, uncertainties in detecting lake water-level variations and variable region boundaries of lake change types on the Tibetan Plateau were discussed. This research has most indicative significance to regional climate change.     

大兴安岭多宝山铜成矿区植物地球化学特征及找矿意义

在森林覆盖区利用植物地球化学找矿具有一定优势。对黑龙江省呼玛县多宝山铜矿区和相邻的呼玛县罕达气－白石砬子－宽河对照区进行植物地球化学找矿研究。植物样品采集以植物样方测量中常见植物为主,分别采集植物的根、茎、叶,并配套采集岩石和土壤各层位的样品,植物样品使用ICP-MS方法测试。植物中成矿元素对比和总富集系数(TEC)显示,在铜成矿区可以形成比较明显的植物地球化学异常。通过矿化岩石-土壤-植物元素相关分析和屏障系数(SC)证明,植物中元素异常与成矿作用具有成因联系。植物地球化学找矿干扰因素比较多,可利用元素在植物根、茎、叶器官内的分配特征来确定采样介质。提出利用衬度系数(CC)、组合衬度系数(CCC)、屏障系数(SC)等多指标方法选择有效指示植物,综合分析后认为白桦和胡枝子可作为多宝山铜成矿区有效指示植物。在大兴安岭森林覆盖区利用植物地球化学找矿是可行的。     

黑龙江省松江Cu-W-Zn多金属矿床地球化学特征及矿质来源

松江Cu-W-Zn多金属矿床是我国东北地区开发较早的一个矿床,随着开采的深入已进入危机矿山阶段。结合区域地质背景、矿床特征、地球化学特征综合分析认为：松江矿床具有典型接触交代成因特征,成矿作用与花岗闪长岩体有密切关系,且花岗闪长岩形成环境具有典型岛弧或活动大陆边缘火山岩相类似的属性。花岗闪长岩、矽卡岩矿石和大理岩三者在稀土丰度、配分型式上均具有较强可比性。W、Mo等成矿元素主要来自花岗闪长岩,Pb主要来自碳酸盐围岩,而Cu、Zn则可能同时来源于二者,但Cu更趋向于后者,Zn更趋向于前者;这很好地解释了松江矿床由岩体到围岩依次出现的Mo-W矿化、Fe-Cu矿化、Cu-Pb-Zn矿化、Pb-Zn矿化的分带现象。     

南美东缘盐岩发育特征及其与油气聚集的关系

通过对南美东缘13个被动陆缘盆地系统解剖,总结了南美东缘盐岩发育特征：平面上盐岩主要发育在中部7个盆地中,发育薄层区、过渡区和厚层区等3种类型盐岩发育区;纵向上发育在白垩纪Aptian时期,发育时间先北后南;主要发育3种盐构造类型--整合型(非刺穿)盐构造、不整合型（刺穿）盐构造和过渡型盐构造,对应发育8种油气圈闭类型。分析了盐岩的发育对南美东缘油气富集的重要控制作用：平面上盐岩层平面展布控制油气的平面富集,中部7个盐岩发育盆地富集了整个南美东缘油气总量的95%;纵向上盐岩层将含盐盆地一分为二,形成盐上和盐下两套含油气层系,厚层盐岩区油气主要富集在盐下层系,薄层区和厚度剧烈变化区的油气则主要富集在盐上层系;岩性上倾尖灭、不整合遮挡、滚动背斜和断层遮挡型等4种盐构造相关圈闭是主要的油气成藏圈闭类型;盐构造运动形成的“盐天窗”是下部烃源岩与上部储集层沟通的主要通道;厚层盐岩层的存在为盐下油气的富集提供良好的封盖条件。     

A modified method to estimate eddy diffusivity in the North Pacific using altimeter eddy statistics

The method proposed by Stammer (1998) is modified using eddy statistics from altimeter observation to obtain more realistic eddy diffusivity (K) for the North Pacific. Compared with original estimates, the modified K has remarkably reduced values in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) regions, but slightly enhanced values in the Subtropical Counter Current (STCC) region. In strong eastward flow areas like the KE and NECC, owing to a large difference between mean flow velocity and propagation velocity of mesoscale eddies, tracers inside the mesoscale eddies are transported outside rapidly by advection, and mixing length L is hence strongly suppressed. The low eddy probability (P) is also responsible for the reduced K in the NECC area. In the STCC region, however, L is mildly suppressed and P is very high, so K there is enhanced. The zonally-averaged K has two peaks with comparable magnitudes, in the latitude bands of the STCC and KE. In the core of KE, because of the reduced values of P and L, the zonally-averaged K is a minimum. Zonally-integrated eddy heat transport in the KE band, calculated based on the modified K, is much closer to the results of previous independent research, indicating the robustness of our modified K. The map of modified K provides useful informationfor modeling studies in the North Pacific.     

Analysis of geological conditions and thermal reservoir characteristics of Guantao Formation in new coastal region

Geothermal resources is one of the most practical and competitive new energy at present, and there is abundant geothermal resources in the new coastal region. The article get the three following conclusion through the geothermal geological condition by the drilling strata and the condition of the reducing test ： stratigraphic division is done by the analysis of formation lithology and the drilling aging; the water yield is higher than 100 m3/h, the flow temperature is 67℃-71℃ ; the average geothermal gradient of the overlying strata is 3.08℃-3.33℃/100 m.     

黄姑鱼雌核发育的人工诱导及鉴定

采用紫外线（UV）灭活的同源精子通过冷休克抑制第二极体排放诱导黄姑鱼的雌核发育。黄姑鱼精子最适的灭活剂量为420 mJ/cm2,紫外照射剂量与黄姑鱼精子和卵子授精后的受精率及孵化率之间表现出明显的Hertwig效应。多次试验筛选的黄姑鱼雌核发育的最适条件为授精后2min在3℃处理8min。雌核发育仔鱼经形态学和流式细胞仪鉴定为二倍体。进一步利用10对微卫星分析了遗传物质在亲本和子代中的传递情况,结果表明雌核发育后代的等位基因完全来自于母本,没有父本基因参与;雌核发育后代在5个位点微卫星位点具有较高的重组率,使其与母本保持了高度同质性。