Predicting soil erosion hazard in Lattakia Governorate(W Syria)

The main objective of this study is to predict soil erosion in the Lattakia Governorate(WSyria)using the Water Erosion Prediction Project model(WEPP)and to compare the result with that of the RUSLE.Field survey and data collection were carried out,and 44 soil samples were analyzed.In addition,all the necessary input files were prepared for use in the WEPP model and RUSLE.Results show that more than of 80%of the locations studied experience slight to moderate erosion(less than 5 t/ha/y),whereas the rest of the locations experience severe soil erosion hazard.Moreover,the volume of runoff estimated by the WEPP model is in the range of 51e321 mm,and the R^2 between the simulated soil erosion and the predicted runoff reached 0.68.Interestingly,the R^2 between the WEPP model and RUSLE is 0.56,which indicates a good correlation between the two models.     

降水变化对陕北黄土高原植被覆盖度和高度的影响

植被特性及生长模式是土壤侵蚀研究的重要因子，而降水是植被生长的主要限制因素。通过 3年的观测数据，分析了陕北黄土高原地区降水年际变化和年内变化对 6种植被覆盖度和高度的影响，得到如下主要结论：①年降水量对刺槐林、灌木林、荒草地和农地植被的影响较大，平水年份和干旱年份最大覆盖度相差约一倍。而对于植被高度来说，受影响最大的是休闲地和农地植被。②降水的年内分布，尤其是 6～8月份的降水量是限制植被覆盖度和高度的主要原因。对于荒草地、农耕地覆盖度和高度的影响尤为显著。农作物覆盖度、高度甚至每年播种日期和种类都受到生长季降雨量的制约。研究结果对于估计黄土高原地区植被参数的变化，以及对土壤侵蚀模拟和退耕还林还草都具有参考价值。     

Relocating ruptures of two M6 earthquakes in Zhongba, South-central Tibet in 2004 and 2005 with seismological and geodetic methods

To better understand repeatability of strong earthquakes in previously ruptured zones during one seismogenic period, we studied the rupture zones of the doublet of M6 earthquakes in Zhongba region of southcentral Tibet, China, in 11 July 2004 and 7 April 2005, respectively. We focused on the overlapping degree of two strong quakes’ aftershock areas one week after the mainshocks by using the SQH station in China Seismic Network and a 68-stations temporary broadband seismic array, a part of the international ...     

2003年云南大姚两次强震破裂区重叠程度的研究

地震破裂后,破裂区应变能是否已经充分释放.能否在破裂面内再次发生震级接近的地震,是双主震研究的重要问题.通过对2003年云南大姚两个地震序列的双差定位,发现余震区扩展,但两余震区无论在深度上还是在水平位置上基本不重叠.又通过相对定位的方法,发现7月21日主震位于10月16日主震的北西西方向.此外,还通过P波初动极性分析...     

深水湍急河流水上勘探施工工艺与技术措施

结合芜湖长江公路二桥水上勘探工程实例,对深水湍急河流段的水上勘探施工工艺和施工安全管理进行了总结,同时主要针对施工过程中出现的钻探平台准确抛锚定位、固定,护孔套管的固定,护孔套管弯曲、变形、断裂,水位涨、落,护孔套管的伸缩等4大技术难点问题,利用现场现有条件,在保证工期和充分降低成本的情况下,采取了行之有效的技术处理措施,大大降低了钻探成本,顺利完成了钻探施工任务,获得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

清平-汉旺国家地质公园资源类型、评价及保护

四川省绵竹市清平一汉旺国家地质公园是以地质灾害链遗迹及治理工程为资源特色的地质公园,具有极高的科学科普和美学价值。对公园典型地质遗迹资源进行调查的基础上,结合其形成的区域地质背景资料进行分析,参考国家标准和前人分类方法,对其地质遗迹资源进行分类、评价,提出保护建议,以期促进地质遗迹资源的保护及地质公园的长足发展。     

中太平洋海山富钴结壳成矿的空间分布规律研究

海山是富钴结壳主要的成矿载体,结壳成矿分布不仅受到海洋最低含氧带、碳酸盐补偿深度、生物生产力、物质来源、海水氧含量等大尺度宏观因素的影响,同时也受到海山地形、沉积作用和底层海流冲刷等小尺度微观因素的控制。通过对以中太平洋R海山为主的水下结壳成矿与分布的深入研究,发现结壳富集区以海山浅水区域为主;地形地貌上的尖顶高地区、顶坡过渡带、山体鞍部、山脊、斜坡上部等区域结壳质量较好,覆盖率高;下斜坡、山谷、山顶平坦区和斜坡区平缓台地是结壳贫乏区,结壳厚度小、覆盖率也低;15°以下的小坡度地形结壳成矿较好,3°~7°最佳,15°以上的大坡度区质量有所下降,陡崖区最差。地形对结壳分布和成矿起基础性影响作用,沉积作用和底流冲刷分别起到阻滞和促进作用,海流是保持低坡度区结壳长期稳定生长的关键因素,地形控矿本质上是和底层流联合对抗沉积堆积作用的过程。     

Simulation and causes of eastern Antarctica surface cooling related to ozone depletion during austral summer in FGOALS-s2

Two parallel sets of numerical experiments （an ozone-hole simulation and a non-ozone-hole simulation） were performed to investigate the effect of ozone depletion on surface temperature change using the second spectral version of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model （FGOALS-s2）, focusing on the eastern Antarctica （EA） continent in austral summer. First, we evaluated the ability of the model to simulate the EA surface cooling, and found the model can successfully reproduce the cooling trend of the EA surface, as well as the circulation change circling the South Pole in the past 30 years. Second, we compared the two experiments and discovered that the ozone depletion causes the cooling trend and strengthens the circumpolar westerly flow. We further investigated the causes of the EA surface cooling associated with the ozone hole and found two major contributors. The first is the ozone-hole direct radiation effect （DRE） upon the surface that happens because the decrease of the downward longwave （LW） radiation overcomes the increase of the downward shortwave （SW） radiation under clear sky. The second is the cloud radiation effect （CRE） induced by ozone depletion, which happens because the decreased downward SW radiation overcomes the increased downward LW radiation in the case of increased cloud. Although the CRE is theoretically opposite to the DRE, their final net effect makes comparable contributions to the EA surface cooling. Compared with the surface radiation budget, the surface heat flux budgets have a much smaller contribution. We additionally note that the CRE is basically ascribed to the circulation change.     

雷电灾害风险评估在实际工作中的运用

对新建项目进行雷电灾害风险评估,根据风险值提出防雷设计方案的不足,提出科学合理的评估意见,可作为防雷装置设计参考依据。根据项目自身风险找出侧重点,有针对性的给出经济合理的设计方案。     

A comparative study of intensive Litopenaeus vannamei culture on four bottom substrates without water change

The effect of four bottom substrates, oyster shell powder (OP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), a mixture of OP and SB (OS) and fresh soil (FS), on the water quality and bacterial and zooplankton density of intensive shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture tanks without water change and the growth performance of cultured shrimp were compared in this study. At the end of a 110 days culturing trial, the total ammonium-N (TAN) of the water on SB and the nitrite nitrogen (NO₂-N) on OS was significantly lower than that on the other substrates (P<0.05), which coincided with the high density of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the water on SB and OS, respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) increased slowly on OP, SB and OS but remained low on FS. The density of total bacteria on OP, SB and OS was one order of magnitude higher than that on FS, and the density of zooplankton on SB and OS was significantly higher than that on FS or OP (P<0.05). The improved water quality and increased density of bacteria and zooplankton on SB and OS may have had a synergistic effect on shrimp culture, improving its growth performance (high survival rate and yield and low feed conversion rate). SB and OS were more effective for improving the growth performance of intensively cultured L. vannamei without water change than OP and FS. To our knowledge, this study presents the first evidence regarding the effect of different bottom substrates on intensive shrimp culture.