高密度电阻率法在四川高川茶园沟滑坡勘察中的应用

将高密度电阻率法用于四川省高川乡茶园沟滑坡地质勘察中,结合钻孔资料确定了滑坡体主滑动面的位置、基岩的埋深及含水程度,为滑坡治理提供可靠的地球物理依据。     

成都经济区不同地貌景观区土壤有机碳分布特征及储量估算

利用四川省成都经济区多目标区域地球化学调查获得的土壤有机碳含量数据,探讨了成都经济区不同地貌景观区土壤有机碳的分布特征。山区表层土壤有机碳含量(SOC)最高(22 g/kg左右),较平原区、丘陵区高一倍以上,丘陵区最低(9.49 g/kg)。成都平原区和东部丘陵区深层土壤碳含量相差不大,且均低于研究区深层土壤碳含量均值(6.99 g/kg)。利用指数模型对单位土壤平均碳量(USCATOC)、有机碳储量(USCATOC,h)、有机碳丰度指数(R)进行了估算。结果表明:各地貌单元土壤碳含量、单位土壤平均碳量、有机碳储量、有机碳丰度指数(R)分布具有山区高于平原区、丘陵区最低的一致性特征。龙门山区、西南山区面积约占全区的42%,土壤有机碳储量约占全区的59%;成都平原区、丘陵区面积占58%,土壤有机碳储量约占全区的41%。单位土壤平均碳量、有机碳储量在不同地貌单元中分布的差异主要与不同地貌单元的土壤有机碳含量有关,此外还可能与成土母质、植被发育情况、土地利用方式有关。     

Remediation of saturated Shanghai sandy silt contaminated with p-xylene using air sparging

Air sparging is an effective technique for the remediation of soil and groundwater polluted by volatile organic compounds. In this paper, this technique was investigated by conducting air-sparging test in the laboratory on the Shanghai sandy silt that was artificially contaminated with p-xylene. A test tank was designed for this purpose. During the air-sparging process, aqueous p-xylene solutions were extracted from the observation holes, and their concentrations were quantified by the spectrophotometric detection method. The mechanism of mass transfer process of p-xylene in the vicinity of sparging well and the remediation of the contaminated groundwater by air sparging were explored. The results showed that the removal zone of the p-xylene was mainly located within a radius of about 20?cm around the air injection well, with 90?% p-xylene removed after 20-day air sparging. Within the initial 5-day sparging, the concentration of p-xylene decreased rapidly in the mass transfer zone. By contrast, in the area far from the injection well, the p-xylene concentration decreased evenly and slowly. Thus, the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater by air sparging is space?Ctime dependent. For further analysis, the adsorption of silt was taken into account, and the distribution coefficient, K _d , was introduced to the modified Shackleford??s mass transfer model. The comparison between the simulated and measured results indicates that the modified model can satisfactorily describe the p-xylene mass transfer observed in this study.     

资源依赖、权力与利益博弈：村寨型景区开发企业与社区关系研究——以西双版纳勐景来景区为例

以西双版纳勐景来景区为案例地,通过访谈、观察等方法,在构建村寨型景区开发企业与社区之间资源相互依赖关系分析框架的基础上,探讨村寨型景区开发企业与社区关系动态演变背后的逻辑。研究发现,村寨型景区开发企业与社区关系的动态演变是二者资源相互依赖程度变化作用的结果。在景区发展初期,开发企业对社区的依赖程度小于社区对开发企业的依赖程度,即在两者的利益博弈中,开发企业的权力比社区大,社区得到的利益从零开始不断增大,二者矛盾较少。在景区发展成熟期,开发企业对社区的依赖程度大于社区对开发企业的依赖程度,即在两者的利益博弈中,社区的权力比开发企业大,此时在已有的利益分配机制不变的情况下,会因利益分配导致社区与开发企业冲突。此外,还推论出在政府干预和协调下,村寨型景区开发企业在与社区的利益冲突中会让步于社区这一结论,可为企业投资村寨型景区开发提供现实指导。     

基于土地利用变化的甘肃省黄河流域生态系统服务价值研究北大核心CSCD

为探究1995—2020年甘肃省黄河流域基于土地利用的生态系统服务价值时空变化,选取甘肃省黄河流域1995、2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年6期土地利用数据,分别利用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度指数和土地利用转移矩阵分析了研究区土地利用时空变化特征;通过对单个生态系统服务价值当量的经济价值进行修正,计算分析了研究区6个不同时期的生态系统服务价值,进而探讨了研究区土地利用程度对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:(1)1995—2020年,研究区耕地和未利用地面积总体减小,林地、草地、水域和建设用地面积总体增加,变化最大的是建设用地;(2)1995—2020年,研究区草地的土地利用程度最高,其他地类转为草地的面积最大;(3)1995—2020年,研究区生态系统服务价值总体呈增加趋势,共增加5.104亿元;(4)从2020年土地利用类型来看,草地的生态系统服务价值最大,达255.016亿元;从2020年生态系统服务类型来看,保持土壤生态服务价值最大,达87.94亿元;从生态敏感性指数来看,研究区生态系统服务价值敏感性指数均<1,研究结果可信;从生态系统服务加之分级来看,中级比重较大,面积占比为82.07%;(5)研究区土地利用程度与生态系统服务价值呈显著负相关,相关系数为0.912。     

风积沙漠地区三维地震勘探资料处理中Q补偿应用实例

在有效波组为低频、低噪且地质任务以小构造解释为目标的地区,采用Q补偿技术有利于提高有效波组的主频,达到提高纵向分辨率的目的。以鄂尔多斯某勘探区为例,采用Q值补偿技术,以克服该区沙漠地貌明显的吸收衰减滤波效应问题,提高其地震资料的中、高频成分。通过对Q补偿参数进行测试,发现Q值为50时有效波响应明显。应用结果表明,经Q补偿后,地震时间剖面有效波主频明显提高,DF7、DF8断层在补偿后的地震时间剖面上较补偿前断点更清晰、位置解释误差更少。     

煤心损失气量计算方法在页岩气中应用的适用性分析

煤心损失气量计算方法在工程条件、煤心性质等方面均有约束条件和适用范围,探讨该方法在页岩气中应用的适用性尤为重要。分析认为,该方法约束条件和适用范围的提出,主要是基于煤层气赋存状态的多样性以及不同煤心损失气、解吸气和残余气占比的差异性。煤层气赋存受控于煤层演化程度及结构,损失气、解吸气和残余气占比与工程条件密切相关。页岩与煤相比,在岩石性质、组成、孔隙结构、比表面特征等方面存在较大差异,加之页岩岩心与煤心钻取条件的不同,决定了煤心损失气量计算方法应用于页岩气的适用条件是:页岩中微孔占有明显优势;比表面积大、具有很强的气体吸附能力;页岩气赋存状态以吸附态为主;提心过程中逸散气量小。     

Historical variation and recent ecological risk of heavy metals in wetland sediments along Wusuli River,Northeast China

The 150-year historical changes in concentrations of pollution elements (Pb, Cu and Zn) in sediment profiles from two riparian freshwater wetlands along the Wusuli River (boundary river between China and Russia) were studied, and the ecological risk of heavy metals and their effects on four riparian wetlands during the urban development from Khanka Lake to Black Bear Island along the Wusuli River were assessed. Results showed that there are sharp increases of the enrichment factor and the ratio of anthropogenic/total of heavy metals in the sediment profiles during the 2000s, which showed that intensive human activities during city development had greatly affected heavy metals distribution since the 1960s. According to the principal component analysis, sediment textures, redox regimes, and organic matter contents accounted for 45.7, 23.6 and 16.5 % of the total variance of element concentrations, respectively. This study also showed that ecological risk of heavy metals was increased along the Wusuli River and closely related to the water quality of the rivers as their hydrological regimes likely affect wetlands.     

青海省日月山断裂对公路工程的致灾机理研究

通过对青海省内一条北北西向右旋走滑断裂对公路工程危害现象的野外实地调查和室内有限元分析,对其蠕滑运动下的致灾机理进行了讨论。结果表明。断层蠕滑作用下的灾害多分布在上盘,且上盘公路南半侧多发张剪性破裂,北半侧多发压扭性破裂,交汇位置的先期破裂是由南侧路沿开始并向路内扩展的。     

The model of tracing drift targets and its application in the South China Sea

A Leeway-Trace model was established for the traceability analysis of drifting objects at sea. The model was based on the Leeway model which is a Monte Carlo-based ensemble trajectory model, and a method of realistic traceability analysis was proposed in this study by using virtual spatiotemporal drift trajectory prediction. Here,measured data from a drifting buoy observation experiment in the northern South China Sea in April 2019,combined with surface current data obtained from the finite volu...