Hydrological cycle and water balance estimates for the megadune–lake region of the Badain Jaran Desert,China

The hydrology and water balance of megadunes and lakes have been investigated in the Badain Jaran Desert of China. Field observations and analyses of sand layer water content, field capacity, secondary salt content, and grain size reveal 3 types of important natural phenomenon: (a) vegetation bands on the leeward slope of the megadunes reflect the hydrological regime within the sandy vadose zone; (b) seepage, wet sand deposits, and secondary salt deposits indicate the pattern of water movement within the sandy vadose zone; (c) zones of groundwater seeps and descending springs around the lakes reflect the influence of the local topography on the hydrological regime of the megadunes. The seepage exposed on the sloping surface of the megadunes and gravity water contained within the sand layer confirm the occurrence of preferential flow within the vadose zone of the megadunes. Alternating layers of coarse and fine sand create the conditions for the formation of preferential flows. The preferential flows promote movement of water within the sand layer water that leads to deep penetration of water within the megadunes and ultimately to the recharging of groundwater and lake water. Our results indicate that a positive water balance promotes recharge of the megadunes, which depends on the high permeability of the megadune material, the shallow depth of the surface sand layer affected by evaporation, the occurrence of rainfall events exceeding 15 mm, and the sparse vegetation cover. Water balance estimates indicate that the annual water storage of the megadunes is about 7.5 mm, accounting for only 8% of annual precipitation; however, the shallow groundwater per unit area under the megadunes receives only 3.6% of annual precipitation, but it is still able to maintain a dynamic balance of the lake water. From a water budget perspective, the annual water storage in the megadunes is sufficient to serve as a recharge source for lake water, thereby enabling the long‐term persistence of the lakes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that precipitation is a significant component of the hydrological cycle in arid deserts.     

多尺度空间分析技术遥感影像去雾方法

基于多尺度空间分析技术构建了两种影像去雾方法。多时相参考影像去雾方法利用同一地区没有雾的影像作为参考,运用多尺度空间分析技术获取地面低频信息将雾去除。自动影像去雾方法是基于拓扑分析的多尺度空间分析技术,分析影像的纹理和特征信息,将同一场景中的雾和地面信息分离,从而获得去雾后影像。通过青岛地区大量遥感影像数据测试,证明该方法是非常有效的。     

基于北斗短报文的震源船跟踪系统设计与实现

通过在震源船上部署3套GPS接收机,并对3个点的位置信息进行汇总和压缩,利用北斗短报文将压缩后的位置信息推送到陆海联测指挥部,实现对震源船航速、航向的实时监控.根据3个点位信息计算的实时震源船航向,有助于准确把握震源船在进行固定点悬停激发时的航向,克服了以往使用前后两个时刻推算的平均航向代替实时航向等问题.使用我国自主知识产权的北斗短报文进行通讯,大大提高了系统的安全性、可靠性和稳定性;同时陆海联测指挥部可以实时查看震源船是否按事先设定的测线、事先设定的速度和航向进行作业,有效保障了监控平台对震源船的监控,进一步提升安全生产的风险控制能力.     

厚层覆盖区综合物化探方法找金试验研究——以广西兴安金石金矿为例

在兴安金石金矿外围 4号分散流异常区 ,通过地电化学提取金测量法 ,查明测区存在 5个走向规模小于 5 0 m的金异常区 ,W( Au) 最大值为 72 .4× 10 - 9,高出背景值十几倍 ,并藉综合土壤吸附汞测量 ,高精度磁测和激发极化法等多种物化探方法来确定这些异常区的地质、地球化学和地球物理特征 ,提出金矿成矿的有利部位在金的地电提取高异常区、高汞量异常区、高磁性异常区、低视电阻率异常区和中等视极化率异常区的“三高一低一中”的找矿模式。确定测区的北北东角 (右下角 )一带具备有利的金矿成矿条件     

锆石中磷的分带趋势、成因及地质意义

本文用电子探针对岩浆和变质重结晶锆石进行了成份分带的研究，结果表明，变质重结晶锆石具有从晶体中心至边缘Ｐ２Ｏ５含量增大的特点，可作为它们的成因标型特征，岩浆锆石则Ｐ２Ｏ５含量变化不稳定，本文论述了它们的成因。     

面向LiDAR/Radar松组合的迭代加权IEKF-BP组合算法精度分析

为了验证目前高精度定位中多传感器组合定位模型性能的优越性,以更好地解决自动驾驶场景下自主定位中出现的预测精度标准不一致、预测不及时及误预测率高等问题,本文利用LiDAR与Radar数据,建立了一种基于迭代加权的IEKF-BP组合算法的松组合模型,并对两种传感器组合定位结果精度进行了分析.试验表明,迭代加权的IEKF-B...     

粗粒碎屑岩砾石定向性定量表征方法及应用

砾石定向性可用于辅助判断粗粒沉积物沉积环境的介质动力性质与强度。在岩芯图像分析与测量的基础上,运用砾石长轴视倾角玫瑰花图中任意相邻三个小扇形的半径之和的最大值（参数a）和小扇形半径大小偏离程度（参数σ）对玛湖地区百口泉组砂砾岩中砾石定向性进行等级划分和定量表征。通过该方法的应用,建立了该区不同级别砾石定向性的定量划分方案:有明显定向性（a大于35%且σ大于4）、有一定定向性（a大于35%且σ小于4）、有模糊定向性（a小于35%且σ大于4）、定向性杂乱（a小于35%且σ小于4）。并对研究区典型季节性辫状河道和暂时性辫状河道的定向性进行了实测,结果表明季节性辫状河道中σ为4.8~8.13,a为40%~62%,而暂时性辫状河道中σ小于4,a小于35%。该方法能够有效表征砾石定向性,并为沉积环境判断提供依据。     

Intensity ratios of spectral cores Ca ii K to H across a sunspot

Ratios of the intensity in the core of the Ca ii K line to the intensity of the H line core across a sunspot (SPO 5007) were determined from measurements of spectra made simultaneously with the Echelle spectrograph at the Vacuum Tower Telescope, Sacramento Peak Observatory. The measured values averaged over the neighboring nonspot region, the penumbra and the umbra are found to be 1.13 ± 0.04, 1.19 ± 0.05, and 1.25 ± 0.03, respectively.This work was supported by the U.S.-Republic of Korea Cooperative Science Program (K-24).     

Sliding mode fuzzy control: Theory and verification on a benchmark structure

A sliding mode fuzzy control (SMFC) algorithm is presented for vibration reduction of large structures. The rule base of the fuzzy inference engine is constructed based on the sliding mode control, which is one of the non‐linear control algorithms. In general, fuzziness of the controller makes the control system robust against the uncertainties in the system parameters and the input excitation, and the non‐linearity of the control rule makes the controller more effective than linear controllers. For verification of the present algorithm, a numerical study is carried out on the benchmark problem initiated by the ASCE Committee on Structural Control. To achieve a high level of realism, various aspects are considered such as actuator–structure interaction, sensor noise, actuator time delay, precision of the A/D and D/A converters, magnitude of control force, and order of control model. Performance of the SMFC is examined in comparison with those of other control algorithms such as H_{mixed 2/∞}, optimal polynomial control, neural networks control, and SMC, which were reported by other researchers. The results indicate that the present SMFC is efficient and attractive, since the vibration responses of the structure can be reduced very effectively and the design procedure is simple and convenient. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于经验模态分解的分数维地震随机噪声衰减方法

经验模态分解算法（EMD）是一种基于有效波和噪声尺度差异进行波场分离的随机噪声压制方法,但由于实际地震数据波场复杂,导致模态混叠较严重,仅凭该方法进行去噪很难达到理想效果.本文基于EMD算法对信号多尺度的分解特性,结合Hausdorff维数约束条件,提出一种用于地震随机噪声衰减的新方法.首先对地震数据进行EMD自适应分解,得到一系列具有不同尺度的、分形自相似性的固有模态分量（IMF）;在此基础上,基于有效信号和随机噪声的Hausdorff维数差异,识别混有随机噪声的IMF分量,对该分量进行相关的阈值滤波处理,从而实现有效信号和随机噪声的有效分离.文中从仿真信号试验出发,到模型地震数据和实际地震数据的测试处理,同时与传统的EMD处理结果相对比.结果表明,本文方法对地震随机噪声的衰减有更佳的压制效果.