Modeling of the Correlation Between Mineral Size and Shale Pore Structure at Meso- and Macroscales

Mathematical Geosciences - Inorganic pore structures are critical to understand the oil and gas transport and storage properties of unconventional reservoirs. However, it can be difficult to...     

Numerical modeling of cyclic mobility based on fuzzy-set concepts in plasticity theory

In this paper, the application of an efficient, transparent and accurate kinematic-cyclic constitutive model based on the fuzzy-set concepts and incremental plasticity theory is presented to show its capability in modeling cyclic mobility of saturated granular soil. The nature and kinematic mechanism of the membership functions in the fuzzy-set constitutive model are illustrated. The model’s capability of modeling soil dilatancy is investigated. Important features of volume change and pore water pressure build-up related to soil cyclic mobility are captured. The formulation of the proposed model is relatively simple and it can be readily implemented in finite element codes. The enhanced fuzzy-set model is capable of simulating ground motion problems particularly related to cyclic mobility, soil liquefaction, and spreading behavior.     

GIS-based multi-dimensional risk assessment of the grassland fire in northern China

This study presents a methodology for risk analysis and assessment to manage grassland fire in northern China based on the Geographical Information Systems from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, disaster science, and environmental science and so on. Using natural disaster and risk assessment theory, a multi-dimensional grassland fire risk index (MGFRI) was proposed by integrating weighted comprehensive method, analytic hierarchy process, and fuzzy gamma method into natural disaster risk index. The developed MGFRI will be an easily understandable tool to manage grassland fire by comparing the risk of regions in the northern China and relative contributions of various factors, for example, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and management ability. A scale of one to five was derived to measure the risk degree. It shows that 4.4?% of grassland falls in the category of ??very high?? risk, followed by 9.6, 19.1, 60.9, and 5.9?%, respectively, in the categories ??high??, ??middle??, ??low??, and ??very low??. The assessment results show reliability by test. The results in this study are intended to support local, provincial, and national government agencies to: (1) make resource allocation decisions; (2) make high-level planning decisions; and (3) raise public awareness of grassland fire risk, its causes, and ways to manage it.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部泊尔江海子断裂对上古生界天然气成藏的控制

为了揭示泊尔江海子断裂对鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区上古生界天然气成藏的控制作用,应用地震和钻井资料,在断裂活动性分析的基础上,根据断层泥比率和断层连通概率法对泊尔江海子断裂的侧向和垂向封闭性进行半定量评价,探讨断裂和天然气富集区的关系。结果表明：泊尔江海子断裂呈现3次明显的活动高峰期,分别为加里东期-早海西期的断裂形成期、印支期-早燕山期的挤压逆断裂活动期、中晚燕山期的走滑撕裂活动期,而中晚燕山期的走滑撕裂控制了上古生界天然气主要成藏期。断裂的封闭性具有“横向分段、纵向分层”的特点;横向上,以断层泥比率(SGR)等于0.3为界将泊尔江海子断裂分为侧向优势输导区和侧向封闭区;纵向上,在石千峰组和上石盒子组断裂启闭系数基本都小于1.0,断裂垂向封闭,在下石盒子组和山西组断裂启闭系数主要集中在4.0~10.0,断裂垂向开启。在断裂侧向优势输导区,断裂南部主力烃源区生成的天然气,经断裂发生垂向和侧向运移,易在断裂北部地区富集成藏;在侧向封闭区,则易在断裂南部地区富集成藏。     

西秦岭略阳地区鱼洞子杂岩变形花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年及地质意义

鱼洞子杂岩是秦岭地区最古老的复杂的地质体。前人对鱼洞子杂岩不同的地质体采用多种方法进行了年龄测定,但结果差异较大,且总体测试精度不高。依据锆石CL影像的特征,结合锆石成因分析和锆石微区的U-Pb同位素,进行了LA-ICP-MS测定,在鱼洞子杂岩糜棱岩化细粒黑云母花岗岩和强片理化黑云母花岗岩中分别获得2661Ma±17Ma和2703Ma±26Ma的岩浆结晶年龄,同时在糜棱岩化细粒黑云母花岗岩中获得2647Ma±65Ma的变质锆石年龄。其中2703Ma±26Ma是秦岭造山带目前发现的最古老的侵入岩的形成年龄,为研究秦岭造山带早前寒武纪构造岩浆事件和地球早期的形成演化提供了新的资料。     

水文模型参数区域化研究进展

参数区域化方法是解决资料缺乏地区水文模拟和预报的有效手段,主要包括回归法、空间邻近法和属性相似法三类方法,可将有资料流域的水文模型参数移用到资料缺乏流域。首先回顾了区域化方法的基本原理和应用方法,并分析了三类主要区域化方法的适用性。从流域特征因子、水文模型及参数、不确定性探讨三个方面综述了区域化方法的研究进展。分析发现,当前区域化方法缺乏完善的理论基础,流域特征因子选择存在主观性,水文模型及参数的适用性方面研究不足。最后展望了未来的研究重点：（1）多维度适用性比较;（2）水文过程和参数的空间分布规律;（3）参数的尺度问题;（4）参数区域化的不确定性问题。     

超长DX桩在软土地区某高层建筑中的应用

DX桩是在钻、冲孔灌注桩基础上发展起来的一种变截面的新桩型。由于其桩身多个扩径体(承力盘或承力岔)能承受较大的荷载,充分发挥扩径体周边土体的承载力,从而大幅度提高单桩承载力。介绍了DX多节挤扩灌注桩及在浙江软土地区某高层建筑桩基工程中的应用效果。     

阿姆河右岸东南部吉萨尔山前中下侏罗统构造格架及成因分析

以现有地质及地震资料为基础,对阿姆河右岸区块东南部靠近吉萨尔山前地区的中下侏罗统主要构造特征进行探讨,一方面有利于促进该区中下侏罗统油气勘探,同时也有利于深化对造山带向盆地过渡的山前地区构造变形规律的认识。研究表明：该区中下侏罗统整体表现为由三列近似呈雁行状排列的NE向背斜带组成的褶皱-冲断构造。从控制背斜构造发育的断裂活动特征看,东部山前断层表现为由南东向北西方向逆冲,活动强度大,向西逆断层运动的强度逐渐减弱,且由南向北西部断层的逆冲运动方向发生反向变化,在研究区的北部发育典型的构造三角带。西部背斜带可视为断裂运动方式由南向北变化导致的调节构造。沿构造带走向,三列背斜构造高点由南向北逐渐升高。通过对中下侏罗统构造变形与上覆地层构造特征的比较,结合该区侏罗系沉积特征,认为中下侏罗统构造变形是与上覆地层构造变形共同形成于新近纪喜山期统一的区域构造运动背景下。其主要构造变形机制是晚古近-新近纪以来,在印度板块、阿拉伯板块和欧亚板块碰撞远程效应影响下,受吉萨尔山脉的隆升挤压和研究区北部NW向的大型断裂如布哈拉断裂、曼格什拉克断裂的右旋压扭共同作用而成。     

Flood vulnerability and buildings’ flood exposure assessment in a densely urbanised city: comparative analysis of three scenarios using a neural network approach

Natural Hazards - Advances in the availability of multi-sensor, remote sensing-derived datasets, and machine learning algorithms can now provide an unprecedented possibility to predict flood events...     

内蒙古西部银额盆地及邻区晚古生代海平面变化与沉积响应

晚古生代银额盆地发育一套石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩-碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩,沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序和沉积体系域发育清楚。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征和侧向变化分析,初步划分出了4个Ⅱ级层序,8个Ⅲ级层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面,沉积层序具有伸展型层序特征,Ⅲ级层序Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ形成过程中盆地海平面上升速度快,对形成厚度大的暗色泥岩层有利。盆地沉积演化与构造活动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面的变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,从而更好地预测暗色泥岩和有利储层形成的有利环境。