稳定层结140米以下风廓线的研究

在稳定层结情况下,考虑到140米以下大气中局地摩擦速度u_*随高度的减小及混合长l随高度的非线性变化,将近地层由理论获得的通量—梯度关系推广到140米以下大气,得到了改进的风廓线公式.利用北京325米气象塔的资料进行检验,误差较小.若将近地层的廓线公式直接应用到140米以下大气,则误差明显比改进的风廓线公式的误差大.     

豆荚状铬铁矿床的成因——以西藏自治区罗布莎铬铁矿床为例

本文以西藏自治区罗布莎铬铁矿床为例并结合世界其它地区同类矿床实例,讨论了豆荚型铬铁矿床的成因机制。研究表明,铬铁矿与纯橄岩-斜辉辉橄岩都是由同一原始地幔岩(尖晶石二辉橄榄岩)经不同程度熔融的产物。铬铁矿及纯橄岩是这一过程中高度熔融的最终产物。其熔融的机制是两种辉石(斜方辉石和单斜辉石)不一致熔融转变为橄榄石和铬尖晶石,并伴随着副矿物铬尖晶石及造岩矿物成分的调整和再造,从而导致铬铁矿床与纯橄岩的紧密伴生。该研究成果对认识世界上同类矿床的成因有普遍意义。     

ENERGY MECHANISMS IN THE SPLITTING AND REBUILDING PROCESSES OF POLAR VORTEX AT 100 HPA

The energy mechanisms responsible for the splitting and rebuilding of the 100 hPa polar vortex are studied.They are the energy transporting upwards of the wave with wavenumber 2 in the troposphere and the nonlinear interaction between waves.The former mechanism appears to play an important role in making the polar vortex splitting,and the latter is minor in this process.However,in the rebuilding of the polar vortex,the latter seems to be more important than the former.     

新疆库木库里盆地沉积特征及其找矿远景

在1：25万区域地质调查和矿产资源评价工作中，通过对新疆库木库里盆地地层层序、岩石、沉积物粒度分布、沉积构造、古生物特征的研究，识别出冲积扇、三角洲、湖泊三种沉积相。认为本区是寻找砂(砾)岩型铜矿、油气、岩盐、石膏等与沉积有关矿产的远景地区。     

Source process of the 14 November 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M S=8.1 earthquake

Based on digital teleseismic P-wave seismograms recorded by 28 long-period seismograph stations of the global seismic network, source process of the November 14, 2001 western Kunlun Mountain M _S=8.1 (M _W=7.8) earthquake is estimated by a new inversion method. The result shows that the earthquake is a very complex rupture event. The source rupture initiated at the hypocenter (35.95°N, 90.54°E, focal depth 10 km, by USGS NEIC), and propagated to the west at first. Then, in several minutes to a hundred minutes and over a large spatial range, several rupture growth points emerged in succession at the eastern end and in the central part of the finite fault. And then the source rupture propagated from these rupture growth points successively and, finally, stopped in the area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position (35.80°N, 92.91°E, focal depth 15 km, by Harvard CMT). The entire rupture lasted for 142 s, and the source process could be roughly separated into three stages: The first stage started at the 0 s and ended at the 52 s, lasting for 52 s and releasing approximately 24.4% of the total moment; The second stage started at the 55 s and ended at the 113 s, lasting for 58 s and releasing approximately 56.5% of the total moment; The third stage started at the 122 s and ended at the 142 s, lasting for 20 s and releasing approximately 19.1% of the total moment. The length of the ruptured fault plane is about 490 km. The maximum width of the ruptured fault plane is about 45 km. The rupture mainly occurred within 30 km in depth under the surface of the Earth. The average static slip in the underground rocky crust is about 1.2 m with the maximum static slip 3.6 m. The average static stress drop is about 5 MPa with the maximum static stress drop 18 MPa. The maximum static slip and the maximum stress drop occurred in an area within 50 km to the east of the centroid position. Foundation item: Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (103066) and Foundation of the Seismic Pattern and Digital Seismic Data Application Research Office of Institute of Earthquake Science of the China Earthquake Administration.     

梅雨期区域边界水汽输送模型及其数值试验

通过诊断分析,提出梅雨期中国区域边界水汽输送特征模型,即高原中部区域西边界与低纬南海、西太平洋南边界为水汽输送流入主体,西太平洋东边界为水汽“流出”主体。数值模拟研究表明:1998年洪涝特大暴雨过程6月与7月份水汽输送通道特征存在差异,6月中下旬长江流域暴雨过程以西边界与南边界水汽流共同输送为主体,其中南海西太平洋区域水汽输送显著,7月份水汽输送过程以高原中部区域西边界“水汽流”为主体。因此,高原中部区域西边界与中国区域南边界的水汽输送对长江流域特大暴雨的形成均具有重要的作用。区域边界水汽流的时空特征分析及其理论模型将为长江流域暴雨预报提供科学依据。     

超声波自动雨量计的电路工作原理

介绍了超声波自动雨量计的电路构成及自动测量降雨量的电路实现过程。     

地闪回击通道几何结构对VLF/VHF辐射场特征的影响

云地闪电回击通道分叉或者曲折引起的电流传播方向改变可以在回击辐射波形上面引入一系列次峰结构乃至影响其VHF辐射特征。本文用回击传输线模式探讨了回击通道几何结构对回击VLF／VHF辐射场的影响，结果显示：(1)VLF信号波形次峰幅度与通道片断的尺度以及取向有关，尺度为100m量级且具有较大的垂直分量的电流变化过程可以在回击波形下降沿上面引入与回击幅度相当的次峰结构，而小尺度(1m量级或者更小)的通道曲折在回击波形上面引入的次峰幅度只有回击主峰幅度的10％以下。水平方向的电流传播过程几乎不在回击波形上面产生可以辨别的次峰结构。曲折通道的所有曲折片段的平均长度是描述曲折通道的一个重要参数，次峰时间间隔与幅度均与平均曲折尺度成正相关。(2)曲折通道能够明显增加回击高频辐射分量的能量，出现最大辐射能量增加的频率相当．于波长等于曲折尺度的电磁波频率的1／8。小尺度的曲折或者分叉结构能够使得回击高频分量的强度提升一个数量级，但是这一强度的增加仍比我们实际测量的VHF辐射强度小一个数量级，说明通道曲折和分叉很可能不是回击过程VHF辐射产生的主要原因。     

SMA-1强震仪原理及特殊故障维修

美国生产的SMA—1强震仪在我国的应用较为广泛，因使用多年，故障率逐年递增。从仪器的工作原理入手，简略介绍了常见故障的维修和仪器的改进方法。改进的仪器，经三年多的考验，运行正常。     

主体结构隔震的二次结构减振分析

二次结构常常在大震甚至中小地震中发生损坏或中断工作，急需寻找安全有效的设计方法。对一幢典型结构，考虑不同场地条件、主体结构隔震以及二次结构不同阻尼比的影响，计算各层的楼面绝对加速度与相对位移反应谱。分析表明，主体结构隔震或同时增大二次结构阻尼是取得二次结构较好减振效果的有效途径，主体结构的隔震阻尼不宜太大，主体结构隔震后二次结构对所在楼层位置的敏感性大大降低。