基于TM影像的哈尔滨市主城区绿地降温作用研究

选取2001年、2005年、2013年和2015年的4期同季TM影像为数据源,利用单窗算法反演哈尔滨市主城区地表温度,以SPOT影像为数据源提取30块城市绿地斑块,将地温空间格局与城市绿地斑块进行空间耦合分析,以揭示绿地对城市热岛地温格局的干扰影响。结果表明：从空间上看,哈尔滨市主城区热岛效应显著,主城区分布着大面积高温区和次高温区,极高温区则呈点状、面状或带状孤岛型分布特点;从动态上看,城市热岛的空间格局呈现从城市中心的老城区逐渐向外围新开发建设区域扩展的特点。绿地斑块内部平均温度除与自身特征有关外,还与其空间布局和周边景观格局相关。绿地斑块降温程度和降温范围与绿地斑块面积呈正相关关系,与绿地斑块形状指数呈负相关关系,绿地降温范围与绿地斑块周长呈正相关关系。当绿地斑块面积为0.055 km²时,绿地斑块对周边温度的降温效率较好,当绿地斑块面积在0.070 km²时,绿地斑块对周边降温的面积效率较好。     

施甸地震强震观测记录及其初步分析

在2001年4月12日发生的施甸5．9级地震中，依据地震预报意见布设在滇西的短临跟踪临时强震台网获取了该次地震的强地面运动记录，最大加速度峰值达515gal(未校正），获取大于500gal主震记录，这在我国还是首次，对记录的情况作了简要的介绍。     

基坑开挖中的环境岩土工程问题研究

基坑工程是一涉及岩土工程、结构工程和环境工程等众多学科领域的综合工程,基坑工程往往是在城市中心地带建筑密集区进行,基坑工程的建设,不仅受周围环境的限制,也对周围环境会造成不同程度的影响,因此,研究基坑开挖中环境岩土工程地质问题有重要意义.本文分析了基坑开挖中环境岩土工程地质现象的主要类型,探讨了这些类型之间的有机联系和环境岩土工程地质现象变异的危害,并提出了基坑开挖中预防环境岩土工程地质现象发生的途径与措施.     

GIS-Based Evaluation of Danger in Karst Collapse

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On the optimal risk based design of highway drainage structures

For a proposed highway bridge or culvert, the total cost to the public during its expected service life includes capital investment on the structures, regular operation and maintenance costs, and various flood related costs. The flood related damage costs include items such as replacement and repair costs of the highway bridge or culvert, flood plain property damage costs, users costs from traffic interruptions and detours, and others. As the design discharge increases, the required capital investment increases but the corresponding flood related damage costs decrease. Hydraulic design of a bridge or culvert using a riskbased approach is to choose among the alternatives the one associated with the least total expected cost.In this paper, the risk-based design procedure is applied to pipe culvert design. The effect of the hydrologic uncertainties such as sample size and type of flood distribution model on the optimal culvert design parameters including design return period and total expected cost are examined in this paper.     

东亚冬季冷暖变化与El Ni?o事件

近十年来,东亚冬季气温明显升高。本文分析证明,东亚温度变化与赤道东太平洋和北太平洋重要洋流区的海表面温度(SST)有密切的遥相关。如果赤道东太平洋SST异常偏高(或异常偏低),即出现埃尔尼诺(或反埃尔尼诺)事件,则在其后7～24个月中,我国华北和东北将出现暖冬(或冷冬),渤海冰情将出现轻冰年(或重冰年)。据此建立的回归预报方程,对1988/1989年和1989/1990年冬季渤海海冰的预报结果完全正确。     

溆浦县龙王江锑金矿带地质特征

矿带主要赋存于板溪群五强溪组上段之韧性剪切断裂带内,由近80条规模不等、含金性不一的锑金石英脉组成。金的富集与金属硫(砷)化物关系密切,毒砂是其主要载金矿物。褪色带内硅化、毒砂化是近矿围岩标志,砷是其标型元素。     

Non-adiabatic interactions in excitedC 2 H molecules and their relationship toC 2 formation in comets

A unified picture of the photodissociation of theC ₂ H radical has been developed using the results from the latest experimental and theoretical work. This picture shows that a variety of electronic states ofC ₂ are formed during the photodissociation of theC ₂ H radical even if photoexcitation accesses only one excited state. This is because the excited states have many avoided corssings and near intersections where two electronic states come very close to one another. At these avoided crossings and near intersections, the excited radical can hop from one electronic state to another and access new final electronic states of theC ₂ radical. The complexity of the excited state surfaces also explains the bimodal rotational distributions that are observed in all of the electronic states studied. The excited states that dissociate through a direct path are limited by dynamics to produceC ₂ fragments with a modest amount of rotational energy, whereas those that dissociate by a more complex path have a greater chance to access all of phase space and produce fragments with higher rotational excitation. Finally, the theoretical transition moments and potential energy curves have been used to provide a better estimate of the photochemical lifetimes in comets of the different excited states of theC ₂ H radical. The photochemically active states are the 2²₊, 2²II, 3²II, and 3²₊, with photodissociation rate constants of 1.0×10^–6, 4.0×10^–6, 0.7×10^–6, and 1.3×10^–6s^–1, respectively. These rate constants lead to a total photochemical lifetime of 1.4×10⁵ s.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR THE IMPACT OF ANTARCTIC ICE COVER AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON CLIMATE VARIABILITY*

By using a three-level atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM),we have completed several numerical experiments to study the impacts of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) and antarctic ice cover anomaly(AICA) during 1981-1983 on climate variability.The results show that during the El Nino period of 1982-1983 the impact of SSTA overrides that of AICA.SSTA mainly affects equatorial zonal circulation and produces PNA wave train,and SE-NW wave train in East Asia to influence the weather of China.AICA produces west-east anomalous vortex streets in the middle latitudes of both hemispheres and affects the intensity of the polar vortex of Southern Hemisphere.     

Effects of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scophthalmus maximus</Emphasis>)

A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio(CHO:LIP) on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus(initial body weight 8.75 g ± 0.04 g). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic low protein level(39%) diets were formulated with increasing ratios of dietary carbohydrate to lipid(2:18, 6:18, 18:12 and 28:6). A high protein level(50%) diet with the 2:12 ratio of carbohydrate to lipid was used as the control. Results showed that the survival rate, contents of moisture, crude protein and ash in muscle were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. With the dietary CHO:LIP ratio increased from 2:18 to 18:12, weight gain rate significantly increased(P < 0.05). Higher dietary CHO:LIP ratio(28:6) resulted in the significantly decreased weight gain rate(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, this treatment also resulted in the highest daily feed intake and liver glycogen content, as well as the lowest feed efficiency(P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen content in fish fed the diet with 2:12 or 2:18 CHO:LIP ratio was significantly lower than those fed with the other three diets(P < 0.05). The present results confirmed that the juvenile turbot can utilize carbohydrate. Furthermore, the appropriate ratio of dietary carbohydrate to lipid was important to the growth and feed utilization of turbot. The proper CHO:LIP ratio based on the growth performance in the present study was determined to be 18:12 when the dietary protein level was 39%.