基于XRF的紫金山铜矿床硫地质特征

福建紫金山铜矿床属高硫浅成中低温热液矿床,矿石中主要含铜矿物为蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝和硫砷铜矿等,且铜矿物与黄铁矿密切共生。由于铜矿石中硫含量较高,导致铜精矿中硫含量超标,w(S)/w(Cu)比值为2.0~2.1,远高于冶炼要求的1.15~1.20,影响其经济价值。使用X射线荧光(XRF)光谱分析对紫金山铜矿中S元素的分布进行数字化研究,查明硫的空间分布规律和赋存状态,划分铜矿石类型,为紫金山铜矿今后的采选工作提供参考。     

汶川MS8.0地震前四川地区前兆异常及其统计分析

研究了2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震前四川地区观测到的各种异常．异常项与所有测项(或测站、台、场地、井点、泉点)之比称为异常测项（测点）比,以下类同. 地震前四川地区流动短水准观测存在中长期趋势异常的场地比为0.28,异常测项比为0.20;流动短基线存在中期趋势异常的场地比为0.13,异常测项比为0.13;地倾斜类观测存在中期趋势异常的台站比0.17,异常测项比为0.13;地下水位观测存在中期趋势异常的水位井点比为0.20;温泉观测存在水温短期异常的泉点比为0.15;温泉水氡、气氡观测存在短期异常的台点比为0.08,异常测项比为0.04;井泉水质组分观测存在短期异常的台点比为0.20,异常测项比为0.04;视电阻率观测存在中期异常的台站比为0.17, 异常测项比为0.06．对同一观测台或场地有不同观测手段,分别计算了台或场地数:四川地区在汶川8.0级地震前各类观测台或场地共有172个,存在观测异常台或场地比为0.14,其中出现中期与短期异常场地比分别是0.08和0.03;各类观测项共有335项,异常测项比为0.09,其中出现中期与短期异常测项的占比分别是0.06和0.01．可见,震前仪器微观监测台或测项多数没有观测到突出异常现象．本文中其它没有提及的观测手段或观测项的资料,经过研究没有分析检测出异常项．      

数字地理空间框架建设的形势与任务

数字地理空间框架建设是推进国土资源信息化和构建数字中国的重要基础性工作,是测绘部门面临的紧迫任务。本文总结了十一五以来数字地理空间框架建设取得的主要进展,分析了存在的主要问题和面临的机遇挑战,研究提出了下一步数字地理空间框架建设的基本思路、主要任务和对策措施。     

江苏省冬季连阴雨（雪）期间异常环流特征及其成因

利用江苏省24个国家站降水、日照时数观测资料,以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、海温指数、HadISST全球海表温度资料,采用EOF分析、合成分析等方法,分析了1961—2019年江苏省冬季连阴雨（雪）出现次数全省一致偏多年份的异常环流特征及其成因。结果表明：江苏省冬季连阴雨（雪）出现次数的空间分布主要为全省一致型和南北相异型,前者为主要模态。连阴雨（雪）出现次数全省一致偏多型年份,中高纬高层欧亚地区上空环流形势为“＋ － ＋”分布型,位于青藏高原北部高压脊以及东亚大槽和欧洲东部低压槽均较常年偏弱。低层位于欧亚地区中部的冷高压较常年偏弱,导致冷空气势力偏弱。中低纬低层西太平洋(菲律宾附近)存在异常反气旋环流,其西部的异常偏南气流加强了水汽的向北输送,冷暖气流在30°N交汇抬升,为江苏省连阴雨（雪）天气过程提供了有利的水汽条件和抬升条件。当中部型El Nio事件发生时,Walker环流在西太平洋的异常下沉气流会激发出异常反气旋,使得东亚冬季风减弱,向北水汽输送加强,导致江苏省一致偏多型连阴雨（雪）天气的发生。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000491

Based on the interpretations of three seismic profiles and one wide-angle seismic profile across the Northwest Sub-basin, South China Sea, stratigraphic sequences, deformation characteristics and an extension model for this sub-basin have been worked out. Three tectonic-stratigraphic units are determined. Detailed analyses of extension show that the event occurred mainly during the Paleogene and resulted in the formation of half-grabens or grabens distributed symmetrically around the spreading center. Sediments are characterized by chaotic and discontinuous reflectors, indicating clastic sediments. Farther to the southwest, the sub-basin features mainly continental rifting instead of sea-floor spreading. The rifting would have been controlled by the shape of the massif and developed just along the northern edge of the Zhongsha-Xisha Block, rather than joined the Xisha Trough. After 25 Ma, a southward ridge jump triggered the opening of the Southwest Sub-basin. The NW-directed stress caused by the sea-floor spreading of the Northwest Sub-basin may have prevented the continuous opening of the sub-basin. After that the Northwest Sub-basin experienced thermal cooling and exhibited broad subsidence. The deep crustal structure shown by the velocity model from a wide-angle seismic profile is also symmetrical around the spreading center, which indicates that the Northwest Sub-basin might have opened in a pure shear model.     

广东东莞不同类型云的雨滴谱和降水特征

利用设置在东莞站的Parsivel激光降水粒子谱测量系统于2010年获取的观测资料,对数据有效性进行验证并开展15次降水的特征参量分析。层状云降水（S）、积层混合云降水（M）、积雨云降水（C）各选取两次典型过程,对各种特征参量之间的相关性和雨滴谱特征进行细致分析,结果表明：平均粒子直径、平均雨强、平均雨水含量、过程最大立方根直径、过程最大雨强的分布规律明显,基本遵循“C>M>S”的规律;同种类型降水的雨滴谱型非常接近,层状云存在单峰谱,混合云和积状云是明显的双峰谱或多峰谱; M、C型降水的大雨滴明显多于S型降水;雨水含量与雨强的相关性最好,雷达反射率因子与雨强的相关性次之;层状云降水主要为1 mm以下小粒子,积状云和积层混合云降水雨滴谱宽较大,1 mm以上大粒子数浓度较大。     

Spatio-temporal variation and focal mechanism of the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake sequence

Based on abundant aftershock sequence data of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008, we studied the spatio-temporal variation process and segmentation rupture characteristic. Dense aftershocks distribute along Longmenshan central fault zone of NE direction and form a narrow strip with the length of 325 km and the depth between several and 40 km. The depth profile (section of NW direction) vertical to the strike of aftershock zone (NE direction) shows anisomerous wedgy distribution characteristic of aftershock concentrated regions; it is related to the force form of the Longmenshan nappe tectonic belt. The stronger aftershocks could be divided into northern segment and southern segment apparently and the focal depths of strong aftershocks in the 50 km area between northern segment and southern segment are shallower. It seems like 'to be going to rupture' segment. We also study focal mechanisms and segmentation of strong aftershocks. The principal compressive stress azimuth of aftershock area is WNW direction and the faulting types of aftershocks at southern and northern segment have the same proportion. Because aftershocks distribute on different secondary faults, their focal mechanisms present complex local tectonic stress field. The faulting of seven strong earthquakes on the Longmenshan central fault is mainly characterized by thrust with the component of right-lateral strike-slip. Meantime six strong aftershocks on the Longmenshan back-range fault and Qingchuan fault present strike-slip faulting. At last we discuss the complex segmentation rupture mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake.     

无锡极端气温事件的气候分析

为了解气候增暖情况下,无锡地区极端最高和最低气温的气候特征,用阈值检测方法对无锡市1959-2007年的日最高气温、日最低气温进行了研究,分析了极端事件的发生规律,得出主要结论:(1)从年代际看,不论是日最高气温或日最低气温,2001-2007年偏高事件最多,偏低事件最少.(2)最低气温从1980s初开始稳定上升.(3)在3、5、7、12月比较容易出现异常的气温.月内异常气温出现次数多少主要与季节更替和天气系统的转换有关.(4)日最低气温不论冬春夏秋,都是明显升高.日最高气温冬、春、秋季呈升高趋势,而夏季震荡加大.即在夏季,日最高气温偏高的事件增多,日最高气温偏低的事件也增多.     

三维电阻率测深数据Zohdy近似反演方法

Zohdy方法近似反演三维电阻率测深数据。正演计算采用有限单元法。反演初始模型由测量视电阻率数据给出。通过比较实测视电阻率值和预测模型计算的视电阻率值对数差来修改模型网格电阻率．为了解决任意电极距测深数据的反演,采用大、小双网格剖分。大网格反映地下电性分布情况。小网格用于实际有限元正演计算．在电阻率调整公式中加入一个迭代系数,能够加快收敛速度．并对加5％随机噪声的模型理论视电阻率测深断面数据进行反演,得到的电阻率分布与模型电阻率基本一致．