永登地震剪切波分裂及电性各向异性的变化特征

依据永登地震前后小震三分量数字记录和中法合作松山电磁台的观测资料,基于EDA裂隙模型,从各向异性的角度,将地震剪切波(S波)分裂方法和大地电磁测深(MT)方法共同应用于地震孕育过程中前兆的各向异性特征的研究.结果表明,永登地震前,快S波偏振方向由北偏东逐渐转为北偏西,发震后又急转为北偏东,快、慢S波的时间延迟在震前也是急剧上升的.另外,MT电性主轴的计算表明,各频点的电性主轴方向基本一致,原与断层近于垂直的电性主轴(ρxy),从震前为北偏东17°左右逐渐转为北偏西15°并发震,震后恢复到北偏东.相应的视电阻率变化表明160～226秒周期的变化最大,其对应的深度与该次地震的震源深度相当.而震前平行于断层的电性主轴其视电阻率ρyx变化相对小些.这次地震的震源机制解表明其发震应力场的P轴是北偏西15°.结论是(1)从各向异性的方向特征看,不同方法得到的3个方向在总体上是一致的,时间演化过程是协调的,其机理就是应力所致的EDA裂隙定向排列.(2)不同频率电性主轴变化的一致性表明,震前应力所致裂隙定向排列而导致的各向异性在地壳一定范围内是广泛存在的.(3)视电阻率量值的变化也存在各向异性并有其自己的特点.视电阻率静态的各向异性特征是由台站所处构造条件决定的,但动态各向异性变化受地震应力场作用的影响;与P轴一致的电性主轴视电阻率ρxy变化最大;震前同一方向、不同频率视电阻率变化的差异表明其变化强度还取决于介质的分层性质.     

基于C-V-T模型的盾构穿越既有桥梁施工风险评估

由于城市轨道交通建设逐年增多,新建隧道与既有桥梁间冲突愈发明显。针对盾构隧道穿越既有桥梁施工风险问题,基于系统思想引入C-V-T模型将待评工程风险划为后果严重性（C）、既有桥梁系统脆弱性（V）与新建隧道系统威胁性（T）,构建致灾-承灾-灾后三系统风险评估流程。引入双因素突变理论并建立三级指标体系,得出既有桥梁突变级数,以定量表达脆弱性。采用交互矩阵衡量新建隧道指标间交叉影响,给出指标-系统权法,并利用多维云及正向发生器优化算法,客观表达多定量指标与定性概念间复杂映射关系及转换态势,以提升T值准确性。明确了后果严重性分级标准,给出三系统风险评估结果耦合方法,由此构建盾构穿越既有桥梁施工风险综合评估模型。将该模型应用于昆明地铁5号线穿越怡心桥工程风险评估中,评估结果与工程实际情况吻合,施工监测数据验证了评估模型的合理性、规范性与适用性。该研究成果有效保证了施工期间桥梁安全与正常使用,可为近似工程提供借鉴与参考。     

琼东南盆地深水区WN-A井渐新世—中新世孢粉地层学及古气候

琼东南盆地深水区是21世纪南海北部大陆架地区天然气勘探的重点区带之一。为了划分该盆地WN-A井的地层时代及探明其沉积物所记录的古气候条件,笔者对该井分布于3 261.25~5 079.00 m井段共计108份岩屑样品进行了孢粉分析。研究结果显示,该井孢粉化石种类较丰富且分布连续,由下至上可划分为4个孢粉组合: Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Juglanspollenites-Quercoidites E-Quercoidites D组合、Pinuspollenites-Juglanspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Dicolpopollis kockelii组合、Quercoidites E-Polypodiaceoisporites-Pinuspollenites-Polypodiisporites组合和Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Randiapollis reticulatus-Quercoidites E组合。其中：4 425.00~5 079.00 m井段孢粉组合的优势组分是Pinuspollenites、Juglanspollenites和Quercoidites D,指示热带、亚热带针叶、常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候较温凉;3 261.25~4 425.00 m井段孢粉组合中Quercoidites E占优势,指示热带、亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候温暖湿润。WN-A井孢粉组合记录了一次明显的由温凉转为温暖的气候变化,与全球渐新世—中新世的气候变化可以对比,其发生位置,即4 425.00 m可以作为WN-A井渐新统和中新统的界线。     

In-situ nitrogen fate in the vadose zone of different soil types and its implications for groundwater quality in the Huaihe River Basin,China

Acta Geochimica - This paper focused on nitrate fate in the vadose zone (VZ) and its implications for groundwater vulnerability under different soil types in the agricultural area of Huaihe River...     

北戴河潮间带现代介形虫的分布

由北戴河潮间带的12个样品分析得到介形虫29属46种。由于具体的小生境,缺少淡水介形虫, 北戴河潮间带底栖动物丰富,介形虫组合的主要特征与胶州湾东北角小海湾及东、黄海潮间带和潮下带介形虫的组合相似。在风化、潮汐和波浪等作用下,潮间带介形虫的壳体表面受机械磨蚀和破坏保存不好,充分反映出其异地埋藏特点。 通过研究北戴河潮间带介形虫,为研究我国辽阔沿海地区潮间带和潮下带介形虫的组合特征、分布范围及地理分区提供了很有价值的资料,并对海洋地质学、古生态学及沉积相等的研究具有重要意义。     

2019年5月18日松原M5.1地震构造机制分析

基于区域地震台网的数字化波形资料,使用ISOLA方法对2019年5月18日吉林松原M5.1地震进行矩张量反演,研究地震的震源机制,并且收集了地震序列中M_L2.5以上地震的震源机制解,采用FMSI（focal mechanism stress inversion）方法反演震中区构造应力场。结果显示：松原M5.1地震的矩震级为4.9,矩心深度为6 km,双力偶分量为91.5%,主压应力P轴方位角、倾角分别为76°和3°,主张应力T轴方位角、倾角分别为166°和16°,震源机制解显示典型的构造地震特征;震中区构造应力场理论应力轴σ₁方位角、倾伏角分别为88.0°和0.9°,σ₂方位角、倾伏角分别为178.2°和9.6°,σ₃方位角、倾伏角分别为352.5°和80.4°,这一结果与区域构造应力场一致。推断认为区域构造应力场触发了2019年松原M5.1地震活动,地震震源机制解的北西向节面与震中区附近的第二松花江断裂现今活动性质完全一致,认为第二松花断裂可能是松原M5.1地震的发震断层。     

The seismicity and tectonic stress field characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake

The seismicity of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinities before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake is studied. Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional seismic networks and mobile stations, the focal mechanism solutions are determined. Our analysis results show that the seismicities of Longmenshan fault zone before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were in stable state. No obvious phenomena of seismic activity intensifying appeared. According to focal mechanism solutions of some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the direction of principal compressive stress P-axis is WNW-ESE. The two hypocenter fault planes are NE-striking and NW-striking. The plane of NE direction is among N50°?70°E, the dip angles of fault planes are 60°?70° and it is very steep. The faultings of most earthquakes are dominantly characterized by dip-slip reverse and small part of faultings present strike-slip. The azimuths of principal compressive stress, the strikes of source fault planes and the dislocation types calculated from some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are in accordance with that of the main shock. The average stress field of micro-rupture along the Longmenshan fault zone before the great earthquake is also consistent with that calculated from main shock. Zipingpu dam is located in the east side 20 km from the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The activity increment of small earthquakes in the Zipingpu dam is in the period of water discharging. The source parameter results of the small earthquakes which occurred near the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake indicate that the focal depths are 5 to 14 km and the source parameters are identical with that of earthquake.     

Spatio-temporal variation and focal mechanism of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake sequence

Based on abundant aftershock sequence data of the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008, we studied the spatio-temporal variation process and segmentation rupture characteristic.Dense aftershocks distribute along Longmenshan central fault zone of NE direction and form a narrow strip with the length of 325 km and the depth between several and 40 km.The depth profile(section of NW direction) vertical to the strike of aftershock zone(NE direction) shows anisomer-ous wedgy distribution characteristic of aft...     

The seismicity and tectonic stress field characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone before the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake

The seismicity of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinities before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake is studied.Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional seismic networks and mobile stations, the focal mechanism solutions are determined.Our analysis results show that the seismicities of Longmenshan fault zone before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were in stable state.No obvious phenomena of seismic activity intensifying appeared.According to focal mechanism solutions of ...     

微型生态系统中鲢、鳙下行影响的实验研究——2.营养物水平

链、镛放养使微型生态系统的水柱氮、磷浓度和磷的分布发生了明显的变化。至实验结束时,各实验组的水柱颗粒磷、总磷和氨氮浓度都比对照组高,而正磷酸盐浓试和沉积物磷的量均低于对照组。这种变化以鳙单养系统为最大,其次是链、镛混养系统,链单养系统的变化最小。微型生态系统中正磷酸盐浓度同浮游动、植物密度和初级生产力显著相关,氨氮浓度同所述变量之间的相关关系则多半与正磷酸盐相反。实验观测期间浮游植物密度与总磷浓度