Google Earth在地质解译中的应用

利用二维遥感影像资料解译倾向、倾角较困难,在Google Earth中利用三维遥感影像对走向、倾向、倾角的解译进行了有益的尝试,并结合Google Earth中的高分辨率遥感影像资料对一些地质现象立体观察,阐述了解译方法和步骤,实验表明具一定应用价值。     

ICP-MS测定矿泉水中锂和锶含量的不确定度分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对饮用天然矿泉水中的锂和锶进行测定,分析了测定过程中不确定度的主要来源,按JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》对各个不确定度来源进行分析评定,给出了此法测定过程中的扩展不确定度,使得测定结果的表达更加客观和真实.     

吉林南部通化地区集安群的年代学

对辽吉裂谷带吉林段集安群火山岩和碎屑沉积岩以及裂谷带内的花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb的年代学研究.测年结果显示, 集安群火山岩形成于2156~2189Ma, 并于1870~1 881Ma接受区域变质作用改造.伴随集安群的火山-沉积和变质作用, 有2期花岗岩侵入: 一期形成于裂陷期的2156~2189Ma; 另一期形成于造山期的1870~1881Ma.同时, 碎屑锆石和捕获锆石获得了2471~2494Ma和2633~2653Ma的岩浆成因锆石年龄, 代表结晶基底的2次岩浆事件.集安群的物质来源于太古宙基底和裂陷期的岩浆事件产物.      

U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopes of zircons from newly identified Permian–Early Triassic plutons in western Liaoning province along the northern margin of the North China Craton: constraints on petrogenesis and tectonic setting

Mafic to felsic gneisses along the northern margin of the North China Craton (NMNCC), in western Liaoning province, China, were previously assumed to be part of Archean metamorphic basement but are here identified as younger (Permian–Early Triassic) intrusions. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb isotopic dating reveals that the magmatic precursors of the mafic gneisses were emplaced from 295 ± 3 to 259 ± 2 Ma and that the magmatic precursors of the dioritic and monzogranitic gneisses were emplaced at 267 ± 1 and 251 ± 2 Ma, respectively, thus recording a continuum of Permian to Early Triassic magmatism. The mafic and dioritic rocks exhibit zircon ε_Hf(t) values from ?20.7 to ?3.3, suggesting they were mainly derived from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source, possibly involving some crustal contamination. The monzogranitic rocks display their zircon ε_Hf(t) values of +0.9 to +4.7, indicating the acidic magma was derived from partial melting of juvenile crustal materials from the depleted mantle source. Crustal model ages (T _DM ^C ) obtained from zircon Hf isotopes of these monzogranitic rocks range from 976 to 1,215 Ma, with an average of 1,074 ± 32 Ma, possibly implying an episode of Grenvillian crustal growth in western Liaoning province. These new lines of evidence show that the NMNCC witnessed abundant magmatic activity and interaction of the crust and mantle during the Permian and Early Triassic and that the mafic magmatism was earlier than the monzogranitic activity. These findings indicate that the monzogranitic activity was the result of underplating of mafic magma with an enriched mantle source. In the context of regional Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic magmatic activity, the Permian magmatism occurred in an Andean-style continental margin setting when the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate was subducted beneath the NMNCC, and in this context, the Late Permian to Early Triassic magmatism may have been linked to post-collisional extension and asthenospheric upwelling, suggesting that the western Liaoning province in the NMNCC may be an eastward extension of the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic active continental margin.     

Moon night sky brightness simulation for the Xinglong station

Using a sky brightness monitor at the Xinglong station of National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,we collected data from22 dark clear nights and 90 moon nights.We first measured the sky brightness variation with time for dark nights and found a clear correlation between sky brightness and human activity.Then with a modified sky brightness model of moon nights and data from these nights,we derived the typical value for several important parameters in the model.With these results,we calculated the sky brightness distribution under a given moon condition for the Xinglong station.Furthermore,we simulated the sky brightness distribution of a moon night for a telescope with a 5 field of view(such as LAMOST).These simulations will be helpful for determining the limiting magnitude and exposure time,as well as planning the survey for LAMOST during moon nights.     

Temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture and its response to temperature and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

ABSTRACT

The temporal and spatial characteristics of soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) were analysed to explore the relative contributions of temperature and precipitation to soil moisture change. Non-significant changes in soil moisture were observed for the TP over the period 1950–2010, while a seasonal cycle was evident, with higher values in summer and smaller values in winter. The soil moisture showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, with higher values in the south than in the north of the TP. The soil moisture fluctuated with time, jointly influenced by precipitation and temperature changes, with precipitation the dominant factor, while temperature regulated the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation. The relative contribution of precipitation to soil moisture changes was over 80%, except for winter in which temperature was the dominant factor, with a relative contribution of more than 70%. Because of the sharp increase in temperature in winter, the uneven spatial distribution of soil moisture over the TP might harm the fragile ecological environment.     

龙岗金龙顶子火山空降碎屑物数值模拟及概率性灾害评估

Located in Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the Xilinhot-Abaga volcanic cluster is in the centre of the Daxing’anling-Datong volcanic eruption belt.More than 300 Quaternary basaltic volcanoes of different types are developed in the volcanic eruption belt.Maars are found for the first time in the study area,with those in Haotewula in the southeast of Abagaqi,and Chelewula and Esigewula in the northwest of Abagaqi to be the most representative.They all are large in scale,with cone diameters generally 3~4km,with the largest up to 6.5km.The maars show intact structure,a similar two-ringed mountain landscape and obviously phased eruption which contained a vigorous phreatomagmatic explosion at the earlier stage,and weak magmatic explosion at the later stage,and basaltic lava effusion in the last stage.The eruption sequence reflects the interaction between magma and water,the change of intrusive speed and outflow rate of magma.The Middle Pleistocene deposits of sand and gravel in the valley are covered by basal surge deposits.The TL age of sandstone-shale "xenolith"which was found in the spatter deposits close to the crater is( 0.112 ± 0.0096) Ma,indicating that the eruption time of the Maars was the early Late Pleistocene.     

中国国家级风景名胜区旅游资源空间结构研究

选取中国国家级风景名胜区为样本,利用数量地理的方法和ArcGIS分析工具,对中国国家级风景名胜区旅游空间结构进行了分析。揭示了目前中国国家级风景名胜区的空间分布类型属于凝聚型,区域间、省际间分布差异较大;高密度区域主要集中在以江苏、浙江为中心的长三角地区,以京津冀鲁为中心的环渤海地区和资源禀赋优越的福建、贵州地区。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗阿木伊勒特铜、铅、锌矿地质、物、化、遥特征及找矿方向

在朝不楞——梨子山成矿带的西延部分,华力西晚期第三次花岗岩侵入到下泥盆统砂岩、板岩中.外接触带上出现1∶20万化探异常,经1∶5万化探查证后得到重现.常规激电中梯扫面没有激电异常显示,无法解释化探异常.换用复电阻率(CR)法做测深,发现低阻高极化体多出现在构造的复合部位.通过遥感资料信息分析本区的构造序次关系,了解了本区的构造时空特征.通过钻探验证,证明低阻高极化体是矿化(体)的反映.进而更加明确控矿因素和找矿方向.     

多方法融合判别复杂砂砾岩岩性

砂砾岩储集体为快速沉积环境下形成的沉积物,具有很强的非均质性,因此,利用测井数据进行岩性识别的结果准确性较差。笔者针对该问题,从砂砾岩储集体中岩性测井特征提取和模式识别算法2方面进行分析。在测井特征提取上,针对其粒度跨度大、成分复杂、过渡岩性测井特征多样的特点,利用沉积相、物源体系控制岩石的成分和结构特征的多样性,达到准确提取岩石骨架颗粒参数的目的。在模式识别算法上,选取支持向量机、极限学习机和概率神经网络3种基于不同分类原理的模式识别算法,构建SEP岩性判别算法。在松辽盆地南部梨树断陷下白垩统营城组砂砾岩储集体岩性识别中,采用SEP法,利用GR-AC-CNL-DEN-RLLD-w(K-PE测井数据组合,对13口钻井的284块样本岩性进行判别,SEP识别结果与3种单方法相比,能够提高岩性判别结果的准确性和稳定性,识别符合率均值达到83.64%。