2019年山东夏季降水异常特征及成因分析

2019年夏季山东平均降水量为414.6 mm,较常年偏多3.0%。降水过程较少,时空分布不均,降水偏多主要是由台风“利奇马”影响所致,如果去除台风降水,夏季平均降水量较常年偏少41.8%。夏季西太平洋副热带高压持续偏强、偏西、偏南,配合欧亚中高纬的“两槽一脊”环流型,是去除台风影响后造成山东夏季降水明显偏少的直接原因;2018年9月至2019年6月的厄尔尼诺事件和热带印度洋海面温度的持续偏高对西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西、偏南起到重要作用;北大西洋海面温度三极子持续的正位相与贝加尔湖高压脊偏强有着密切联系。     

2000-2015年华北地区8月极端干旱的异常环流型及其波活动特征

利用1961-2015年华北地区54个国家级气象观测站夏季8月逐日降水资料和2000-2015年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)再分析数据,研究了华北地区8月极端干旱的异常环流型及原因.结果 表明:华北地区极端干旱事件以年际变化为主,2000-2015年华北地区极端干旱年在中高纬500 hPa高度距平场上存在“-、+...     

黑龙江东风沟金矿赋矿岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

东风沟金矿床位于东宁县老黑山晚古生代断陷盆地内。围岩蚀变类型主要为硅化、碳酸盐化、绢云母化和绿泥石化。赋矿岩石地球化学研究表明,赋矿岩石主要为一套英安质、流纹质火山岩,属于高硅、低碱钙碱性系列岩石(σ3.3)。Rb、Ba、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素(LILE)相对富集,Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)相对亏损;轻稀土元素(LREE)相对重稀土元素(HREE)轻度富集。Nb/Ta值(平均14.7)和Zr/Hf值(26.23~38.37)显示岩浆具有壳源特征,形成于与俯冲带有关的陆缘环境,与库拉板块俯冲关系密切。     

南岭万洋山加里东期花岗岩地质地球化学特征及其成因

通过岩体地质地球化学等特征的调查研究,对万洋山花岗岩体进行了岩石谱系单位划分,认为它是加里东期多阶段岩浆活动形成的复式岩体.花岗岩岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩,其中,黑云母花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩中含有较多的暗色镁铁质微粒包体.SiO2含量为66.99%～73.04%,K2O平均含量为3.91%,Na2O K2O为6.26%～7.39%,K2O/Na2O平均值为1.45,Al2O3平均值为13.74%;Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti亏损较明显,Rb、(Th U)、(La Ce)、Nd、(Zr Hf Sm)、(Y Yb)等则相对富集;∑REE平均为264.43×10-6,重稀土富集;∑Ce/∑Y平均比值为1.8;(La/Yb)N比值平均7.13;Eu弱亏损,δEu值平均为0.53;I 值为0.71223～0.71376.εSr(t)值为109.8～131.5,εNd(t)值为-7.1～-8.3,t2DM为1.74～1.86 Ga;研究表明万洋山花岗岩属铁质、(强)过铝高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩,形成于后造山构造环境;岩浆源区的物质是多源的,主要是含有深源岩浆固结产物的地壳物质;或是加里东期间扬子地块和华夏地块间发生碰撞前的侵入有深源岩浆岩或岛弧型岩浆岩的地壳物质:早期次单元花岗岩的岩浆源可能还有幔源岩浆混染或局部混合.     

Formation and composition of cemented layers in low-sulphide mine tailings, Laver, northern Sweden

Cemented layers (hardpans) are common in carbonate or sulphide-rich mine tailings and where pyrrhotite is the predominating Fe-sulphide. Laver, northern Sweden, is an abandoned Cu-mine where the tailings have low pyrrhotite content, almost no pyrite and no carbonates. Two cemented layers at different locations in the Laver tailings impoundment were investigated, with the aim to determine their effects on metal mobility. The cementing agents were mainly jarosite and Fe-oxyhydroxides in the layer formed where the tailings have a barren surface, whereas only Fe-oxyhydroxides were identified below grass-covered tailings surface. Arsenic was enriched in both layers which also exhibit high concentrations of Mo, V, Hg and Pb compared to unoxidised tailings. Sequential extraction indicates that these metals and As were mainly retained with crystalline Fe-oxides, and therefore potentially will be remobilised if the oxic conditions become more reducing, for instance as a result of remediation of the tailings impoundment.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Pyrite geochemistry in the Toarcian Posidonia Shale of south‐west Germany: Evidence for contrasting trace‐element patterns of diagenetic and syngenetic pyrites

Authigenic pyrite grains from a section of the Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale were analysed for their trace‐element contents and sulphur‐isotope compositions. The resulting data are used to evaluate the relationship between depositional conditions and pyrite trace‐element composition. By using factor analysis, trace‐elements in pyrite may be assigned to four groups: (i) heavy metals (including Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Bi and Tl); (ii) oxyanionic elements (As, Mo and Sb); (iii) elements partitioned in sub‐microscopic sphalerite inclusions (Zn and Cd); and (iv) elements related to organic or silicate impurities (Ga and V). Results indicate that trace‐element contents in pyrite depend on the site and mechanism of pyrite formation, with characteristic features being observed for diagenetic and syngenetic pyrites. Diagenetic pyrite formed within anoxic sediments generally has a high heavy metals content, and the degree of pyritization of these elements increases with increasing oxygen deficiency, similar to the degree of pyritization of reactive Fe. The highest gradient in the increase of the degree of trace element pyritization with bottom‐water oxygenation was found for the elements Ni < Cu < Mo = As < Tl. In contrast, syngenetic pyrite formed within a euxinic water column typically is enriched in As, Mo and Sb, but is low in heavy metals, and the geochemical variation reflects changes in sea water composition.     

Role of carbonates in mitigation of metal release from mining waste. Evidence from humidity cells tests

 Leaching of two contrasting types of sulphidic tailings in humidity cells has been performed. The release of heavy metals and the oxidation rate have been studied. Tailings from the Laver mine contain a few percent sulphides and lack carbonates, whereas tailings from the Stekenjokk mine are both sulphide- and carbonate-rich. The results showed that in the leachates from the Laver samples, the metal concentrations increased and pH decreased with time, indicating an increased oxidation rate. In the Stekenjokk samples, pH remained high during the experiment, thereby keeping the metal concentrations low in the leachates. The oxidation rate also decreased with time, probably due to Fe-hydroxide coatings on sulphide surfaces. The results show that addition of carbonates and the maintenance of a high pH not only reduce the solubility of heavy metals, but also decrease the oxidation rate of sulphides. Received: 20 January 1998 · Accepted: 2 April 1998     

基于Web GIS的长沙市雷暴天气短期预报模型的研究与应用

基于对长沙地区1971-2000年30年雷暴气候特征的分析研究,采用数值模式输出统计、指数与经验指标、诊断分析三者相结合的MED法,同时引入莱克力指数、修正的K指数等物理量,综合应用数值预报产品、经验指标及区域气象站资料,研究开发出该地区249个站点3-10月甚短期(6 h,6～12 h)雷暴危害度等级潜势预报模型;同时,采用MOS法,研制出短期0～48 h雷暴活动移动趋势预报模型.模型以Web GIS技术为依托,建立了集数据采集、存储、开发、管理、分析和信息传输与发布、信息实时处理等功能于一体的网络信息服务平台.长沙市甚短期雷暴危害度等级潜势预报模型两年(2006-2007年)的业务运行情况表明,该模型对雷暴落区及强度均有较强的预报能力.     

胶东辽上金矿床C、O、S、Pb同位素组成及矿床成因

辽上金矿床是胶莱盆地东北缘地区近年来新发现的一处特大型金矿床,以黄铁矿、白云石为载金矿物而区别于"焦家式"、"玲珑式"金矿床.为探讨新类型金矿床成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,对该矿床载金白云石C、0和黄铁矿S、Pb进行了同位素分析.结果显示,载金矿物白云石中δ13Cv-PDB值为-4.60％c～-3.60‰,δ18Ov....     

基于核酸适配体的差减荧光法检测鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)可感染鳗鲡、虹鳟和大菱鲆等多种水产动物,是水产养殖中的一种重要病原菌,对其进行快速检测是病害防控的前提和基础。利用鳗弧菌与其核酸适配体之间有较强的亲和特异性,首次建立了一种基于核酸适配体的可定量检测鳗弧菌的差减荧光法。该方法对鳗弧菌有较好的特异性,对鳗弧菌的检测荧光值是其他菌(溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、铜绿假单胞菌、变形假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌和大肠杆菌)的4～11倍,对鳗弧菌的最低检测限为10²CFU/mL,可用于10²～10⁸CFU/mL的范围内的定量检测。通过对不同盐度海水和鱼体组织样品进行加标回收检测,结果表明,回收率和相对标准偏差等指标均符合相应的标准,说明该检测方法可用于海水样品和水产动物组织中鳗弧菌的检测。