康滇地轴东侧的铅锌矿床与铅同位素地球化学

康滇池轴东侧的铅锌矿带是我国的主要铅锌矿带之一。铅同位素地球化学研究是铅锌矿床研究的重要内容之一。本文探讨了康滇地轴铅锌矿床研究中的铅同位素地球化学应用问题,指出铅同位素模式年龄不能用作矿化年龄,应当用铅同位素示踪来追踪成矿物质来源。     

基于机器学习算法的县域台风灾害损失风险评估

基于2008—2019年我国台风县(区)灾情的直接经济损失数据,根据经济损失率将台风灾害经济损失风险分为五类,考虑台风灾害的致灾因子和孕灾环境因子共选取10个解释变量,采用五种经典的机器学习算法,包括支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、AdaBoost、XGBoost(Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine)和LightGBM(Light Gradient Boosting Machine),分别构建台风灾害经济损失风险评估模型,选出准确率最高的模型,应用于经典台风过程并进行检验评估。结果表明:基于RF算法的台风灾害经济损失风险模型的准确率最高;利用RF、XGBoost、LightGBM、AdaBoost和SVM算法构建模型的准确率依次为0.69、0.63、0.62、0.45和0.41。选择RF算法构建的台风灾害经济损失风险模型的解释变量表明,致灾因子是最主要的解释变量,其中,降雨导致损失的重要性超过风速。该模型在训练集和测试集上对风险分类的TS评分为0.55和0.51,但对每种风险类别的辨别能力存在差异,对于最低风险和最高风险的分类效果较好,对于较高风险和中等风险的分类能力不足。利用该模型对2017年第13号台风“天鸽”的经济损失进行检验评估,评估结果与实际台风灾害经济损失的风险等级较一致,各风险等级的准确率均达到0.7以上,TS评分在0.58以上,空报率和漏报率分别在0.31和0.25以下。      

漫游峨眉山

峨眉山位于成都西南约１３０ｋｍ,主峰３０９９ｍ,矗立在海拔不到５００ｍ的峨眉平原上。２６００多米的高差造就了“一山有四季,十里不同天”的气候垂直分带,这使峨眉山有非常丰富的动,植物资源,拥有３２００多种植物,享有“植物王国”,“绿色宝库”的美称,拥有２３００多种动物,这造成了峨眉山优美,秀丽的景色,峨眉山是中国佛教胜地的四大名山之一,孕育了悠久,灿烂的佛教文化,“蜀国多仙山,峨眉邈难匹”漫游雄,秀     

云南永善金沙矿区砷硫锑铅矿的发现

砷硫锑铅矿产于金沙矿区的上部矿中。与闪锌矿一起构成矿石的主要金属矿物。含矿围岩为硅质磷块岩。矿床属沉积（成岩）成因。砷硫锑铅矿呈灰色,具金属光泽,为板状晶体;单偏光下为灰色或灰白色微带浅绿色,反射率较高;以具清晰的非均质性为特征。电子探针成分分析,主...     

Serum antibody levels against select bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins,Tursiops truncatus,from Beaufort NC USA and Charleston Harbor,Charleston, SC,USA

Concern over the emergence of zoonotic diseases in marine organisms is growing. In response to this concern, this study set out to measure antibody activities against bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the coastal estuaries of NC and SC, USA. Individuals from Charleston SC harbor, a heavily industrialized shipping harbor estuary, and from Beaufort NC, a non-shipping estuary, were examined. Purified IgG was obtained from pooled sera using ammonium sulfate precipitation steps and protein-G procedures, which was then used to generate a panel of IgG-specific monoclonal antibodies. Two of these antibodies, mAbs BB-10-2 (IgG1) and BB-32-2 (IgG2b), were then used to determine total serum IgG concentrations using a sandwich capture ELISA. Circulating IgG levels were variable between individuals and between the two pods. MAb BB-10-2 was then used in an indirect ELISA to determine serum antibody activities against several common marine bacteria as well as the human pathogens E. coli and E. coli strain 0157:H7, Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, Mycobacteria marinum, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae. The highest antibody activities were against mycobacteria, two of which are zoonotic pathogens. Males had the highest antibody activities, thus suggesting low cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens in these individuals. T-cell proliferation in response to Con-A, an indicator of cell-mediated immune function, was then measured in the Beaufort population. Males had the lowest proliferation responses, however a negative correlation between antibody activities and T-cell proliferation in individuals could not be established for either of the Mycobacteria species. Overall, antibody activities against all bacteria, including innocuous species such as V. anguillarum, V. natrigens, and M. xenopi were highly variable between individual dolphins and the two pods, with some animals exhibiting very high activities. These studies suggests that dolphin populations should be monitored by following the health and seroprevalence of pathogens of interest in select individual animals over time.     

气体水合物未来的能源

由水分子和甲烷等天然气体组成的笼形包合物气体水合物,是一种冰雪状的白色结晶物质,是新近发现的一种能源矿产,产出于大洋底的水下沉积物和陆上极地冻土带中。气体水合物是一种高密度的能源矿产,储量巨大,各大洋中都有,被称为２１世纪的能源,倍受各国政府和学者们的重视。     

微博气象信息服务的现状及策略：以中央气象台官方微博为例

公共气象服务是气象服务工作的重要组成部分,而伴随着互联网和新媒体的不断发展,微博成为了最亲民的公共气象服务方式之一,在日常的气象信息服务中发挥着举足轻重的作用。通过对中央气象台官方微博的粉丝数据和2016—2018年热点微博特性进行分析,挖掘用户和热点微博之间的关系,并结合业务实际和未来发展,探究气象服务微博的制作技巧,提出改进措施,旨在增强业务人员对微博传播机制和引导策略的理解,扩大中央气象台官方微博的品牌影响力,推动气象服务事业发展。     

我国台风灾害特征及风险防范策略

对登陆我国台风气候特征及灾害发生特点进行了分析,表明台风登陆我国时间集中于每年的7—9月,年均登陆数量广东最多,而最强登陆台风出现在台湾。台风灾害导致的直接经济损失总量呈现缓慢增加趋势,人员死亡数明显下降。但死亡100人以上的特别重大台风灾害平均每年发生一次,且造成的灾情占比很大。台风灾害影响主要是其伴随的大风、暴雨及引起的滑坡、泥石流、风暴潮等次生灾害共同造成的,重大灾害往往由突发性、极端性风雨引起。为了最大限度地降低和减轻台风灾害损失和社会影响,可依靠基于风险区划的防灾能力建设降低风险,依据准确的风险预评估避让风险,依赖保险特别是政策性巨灾保险的开展转移风险。