从周边国家银矿床地质特征探讨中国银矿找矿前景

中国周边国家银矿床主要分布于原苏联、蒙古、日本、朝鲜、菲律宾、缅甸、印尼等国家。有５种类型银矿床可与中国相应地区银（含银）矿床进行类比，即（１）大陆边缘带陆相火山岩型（金－）银（－多金属）矿床；（２）火山（一次火山）热液型含银黄铁矿型铜或多金属矿床；（３）斑岩型银或含银金－铜（铅－锌－锡）矿床；（４）变质热液交代型金－银矿床或银－铅－锌矿床；（５）矽卡岩型含银磁铁矿或多金属矿床；并提出我国相应地区     

安徽刘桥二矿太灰水突水性分析

对刘桥二矿煤层开采时太灰水的突水性分正常块段和构造破坏块段两方面进行了分析,并用比拟法和解析法计算出了太灰水突水时的最大突水量。     

Evidence for equilibrium iron isotope fractionation by nitrate-reducing iron(II)-oxidizing bacteria

Iron isotope fractionations produced during chemical and biological Fe(II) oxidation are sensitive to the proportions and nature of dissolved and solid-phase Fe species present, as well as the extent of isotopic exchange between precipitates and aqueous Fe. Iron isotopes therefore potentially constrain the mechanisms and pathways of Fe redox transformations in modern and ancient environments. In the present study, we followed in batch experiments Fe isotope fractionations between Fe(II)_aq and Fe(III) oxide/hydroxide precipitates produced by the Fe(III) mineral encrusting, nitrate-reducing, Fe(II)-oxidizing Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1. Isotopic fractionation in ⁵⁶Fe/⁵⁴Fe approached that expected for equilibrium conditions, assuming an equilibrium Δ⁵⁶Fe_{Fe(OH)3-Fe(II)aq} fractionation factor of +3.0‰. Previous studies have shown that Fe(II) oxidation by this Acidovorax strain occurs in the periplasm, and we propose that Fe isotope equilibrium is maintained through redox cycling via coupled electron and atom exchange between Fe(II)_aq and Fe(III) precipitates in the contained environment of the periplasm. In addition to the apparent equilibrium isotopic fractionation, these experiments also record the kinetic effects of initial rapid oxidation, and possible phase transformations of the Fe(III) precipitates. Attainment of Fe isotope equilibrium between Fe(III) oxide/hydroxide precipitates and Fe(II)_aq by neutrophilic, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria or through abiologic Fe(II)_aq oxidation is generally not expected or observed, because the poor solubility of their metabolic product, i.e. Fe(III), usually leads to rapid precipitation of Fe(III) minerals, and hence expression of a kinetic fractionation upon precipitation; in the absence of redox cycling between Fe(II)_aq and precipitate, kinetic isotope fractionations are likely to be retained. These results highlight the distinct Fe isotope fractionations that are produced by different pathways of biological and abiological Fe(II) oxidation.     

利用化石鱼牙齿的Sr同位素对深海粘土高精度测年

利用化石鱼牙齿的Ｓｒ同位素对深海粘土高精度测年Ｂ．Ｌ．Ｉｎｇｒａｍ为开展Ｓｒ同位素高精度地层学在深海粘土中的应用．本项研究中所用的远洋粘土样品于１９９２年取自ＯＤＰ１４５航次（北太平洋断面）在ＯＤＰ８８５和８８６钻孔中，远洋粘土沉积物每１．５ｍ取１０...     

中国东北部陆缘成矿地质背景与有色金属贵金属成矿系统划分

中国东北部陆缘区是古亚洲洋构造域与滨太平洋构造域叠加复合部位.区内构造、岩浆与成矿作用复杂,是我国重要的有色金属、贵金属矿产地之一.在总结研究该区成矿地质背景和成矿特征的基础上,运用成矿系统理论,划分了区内有色金属、贵金属成矿系统类型.     

River loads of suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and herbicides delivered to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon

Degradation of coastal ecosystems in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon, Australia, has been linked with increased land-based runoff of suspended solids, nutrients and pesticides since European settlement. This study estimated the increase in river loads for all 35 GBR basins, using the best available estimates of pre-European and current loads derived from catchment modelling and monitoring. The mean-annual load to the GBR lagoon for (i) total suspended solids has increased by 5.5 times to 17,000ktonnes/year, (ii) total nitrogen by 5.7 times to 80,000tonnes/year, (iii) total phosphorus by 8.9 times to 16,000tonnes/year, and (iv) PSII herbicides is 30,000kg/year. The increases in river loads differ across the 10 pollutants and 35 basins examined, reflecting differences in surface runoff, urbanisation, deforestation, agricultural practices, mining and retention by reservoirs. These estimates will facilitate target setting for water quality and desired ecosystem states, and enable prioritisation of critical sources for management.     

Assessing the additive risks of PSII herbicide exposure to the Great Barrier Reef

Herbicide residues have been measured in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon at concentrations which have the potential to harm marine plant communities. Monitoring on the Great Barrier Reef lagoon following wet season discharge show that 80% of the time when herbicides are detected, more than one are present. These herbicides have been shown to act in an additive manner with regards to photosystem-II inhibition. In this study, the area of the Great Barrier Reef considered to be at risk from herbicides is compared when exposures are considered for each herbicide individually and also for herbicide mixtures. Two normalisation indices for herbicide mixtures were calculated based on current guidelines and PSII inhibition thresholds. The results show that the area of risk for most regions is greatly increased under the proposed additive PSII inhibition threshold and that the resilience of this important ecosystem could be reduced by exposure to these herbicides.     

Effects of algal turfs and sediment on coral settlement

Successful settlement and recruitment of corals is critical to the resilience of coral reefs. Given that many degraded reefs are dominated by benthic algae, recovery of coral populations after bleaching and other disturbances requires successful settlement amidst benthic algae. Algal turfs often accumulate sediments, sediments are known to inhibit coral settlement, and reefs with high inputs of terrestrial sediments are often dominated by turfs. We investigated the impacts of two algal turf assemblages, and of sediment deposits, on settlement of the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg). Adding sediment reduced coral settlement, but the effects of different algal turfs varied. In one case, algal turfs inhibited coral settlement, whereas the other turf only inhibited settlement when combined with sediments. These results provide the first direct, experimental evidence of effects of filamentous algal turfs on coral settlement, the variability in those effects, and the potential combined effects of algal turfs and trapped sediments.