Early warning research on salt-alkalization desertification in western Songnen Plain

Desertification is an environmental issue in the world. The salt-alkalization desertification land area formed by both primary and secondary salt-alkalization has extended in a large scale, which has become a significant eco-environmental problem. Based on the characteristics of eco-environment and the situation ofdesertification in western Songnen plain, this paper reports the analyzes of its formation in background and cause. An early warning system on the salt-alkalization desertification is established and the GIS technology is used to abstract the information of desertification evaluation index. Supported by the integrated technology of the GIS and ANN, the orientation and quantitative result of desertification are gained, which is helpful to the eco-environment protection and resource development in western Songnen Plain.     

山东省塔埠头地区花岗伟晶岩稀土矿成矿时代特征及地球化学特征

笔者在野外调查和花岗伟晶岩带划分的基础上,通过对塔埠头稀土矿床岩相学、同位素年代学及地球化学的分析研究,确定了成岩、成矿年龄,探讨了成矿物质来源及花岗伟晶岩与稀土成矿的联系,建立了该矿床成因模式。元素地球化学特征显示,含稀土的花岗伟晶岩具有低硅、低碱、富铁过铝质特征,钾长-斜长花岗伟晶岩、钾长花岗伟晶岩和钾长花岗岩3类花岗伟晶岩均具有高硅高碱低铁过铝质的特征,轻重稀土元素分异较明显,亏损Ta、Ti、Nb、P等高场强元素,富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素。LA ICP-MS同位素测年结果表明,含稀土花岗伟晶岩氟碳铈矿Th-Pb测年结果为（128.5±2.0）Ma、（134.4±1.2）Ma,指示稀土成矿发生在中生代白垩纪。     

吉林延边闹枝金矿床地质特征及矿床成因

闹枝金矿床地处延边—东宁金矿带西段,为一主体产于海西期花岗闪长岩体内的石英脉型矿床。矿床地质特征及含金石英脉内流体包裹体研究结果表明,该区含金石英脉中主要发育气液两相及少量的含子矿物三相、气相--富气相包裹体。气液两相包裹体均一温度为283.5℃～375.9℃,盐度为3.4～8.13 wt%NaCl;富气相包裹体均一温度为416.5℃～431.6℃;含NaCl子矿物三相流体包裹体均一温度为303.9℃～393.2℃,盐度为38.21～45.3 wt%NaCl。包裹体氢、氧同位素分析结果表明,成矿流体以岩浆热液为主,可能混有少量大气降水。矿床成因属中温岩浆热液金矿床。     

I型轨道-路基系统动力荷载放大系数模型试验研究

高速列车行车时产生的动力荷载大小受多种因素影响,以列车运行速度的影响尤为关键。由于车辆-轨道-路基结构的复杂性,要通过理论计算准确地确定行车速度对动力荷载的影响并不容易。目前足尺物理模型试验已成为高速铁路无砟轨道路基结构动力性能研究的重要手段。根据沪宁城际无砟轨道设计和施工标准,建成室内1: 1无砟轨道路基模型,通过单个轮轴的动态激振试验获得I型轨道板动应变幅值及路基动土压力幅值随加载频率的变化规律,在该基础上得到列车动荷载随行车速度的变化规律。结合德国铁路动力荷载放大系数的计算公式,提出确定高速铁路I型轨道结构动力荷载放大系数的方法,并分别获得轨道板与路基结构动力荷载放大系数随列车运行速度的变化规律,可为我国I型轨道-路基系统设计动力荷载的确定提供依据。     

基于逆Vening-Meinesz公式的测高重力中央区效应精密计算

为提高利用逆Vening-Meinesz公式反演测高重力中央区效应的精度,视中央区为矩形域,将垂线偏差分量表示成双二次多项式插值形式,引入非奇异变换,推导出了重力异常的计算公式。以低纬度区域2′×2′的垂线偏差实际数据为背景场进行了计算,结果表明,当中央区包含4个网格时,传统公式与推导出的重力异常计算公式误差的最大值大于1 mGal。推导出的公式可为高精度测高重力中央区效应的计算提供理论依据。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组烃源岩热演化及沉积古环境评价

近期准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷南斜坡地区多口探井钻遇风城组厚层烃源岩,为重新认识玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩带来了契机,搜集玛湖凹陷南部、北部5口重点探井资料,经分析取得了以下认识：(1)风城组烃源岩在玛湖凹陷内广泛发育,综合玛北、玛南地球化学参数表明其为一套Ⅱ型优质烃源岩;(2)综合现今地温、热解、生物标志物、族组分等参数,认为玛湖凹陷及其周缘地区4 350 m以深的风城组烃源岩处于成熟阶段,4 800 m以深处于高成熟演化阶段,玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩大范围处于生油高峰期;(3)综合多个生物标志物参数,玛北地区风城组烃源岩为咸化还原沉积,玛南地区风城组二段烃源岩为咸化半还原沉积,风三段烃源岩为半咸化-半还原沉积,陆源有机质输入较多。研究区风城组沉积古环境总体表现出早中期咸化、晚期淡化,北部咸化还原程度高于南部的规律。研究结果对玛湖凹陷风城组后续致密油、页岩油勘探部署提供了理论依据。     

莱州湾沿岸典型验潮站垂直基准一致性研究

莱州湾具有典型的大陆架结构,潮汐性质复杂。本研究根据莱州湾沿岸4处典型验潮站的多年数据计算了各站深度基准面值及保证率,并与相关涉海部门现采用值进行了比对分析。结果表明：个别验潮站计算值与相关涉海单位采用的深度基准面值有明显差异。本文就此进行了分析并提出了合理性建议。4处验潮站周边均埋设了高等级水准点,通过历年实施的高等级水准联测来监测各站高程基准点变化量,计算结果可用以维持区域垂直基准,为今后莱州湾港口建设、航道施工、水深测量、船舶通航及信息发布等提供更加准确的基础资料。     

普里兹湾及邻近海区表层沉积硅藻分布与环境分析

表层沉积物中硅藻的分布及组合特征对于研究相应的海洋环境有着重要的意义。东南极普里兹湾及其附近海域的22站表层沉积物中鉴定出硅藻36种,分属13属,其中Fragilariopsis curta在普里兹湾内占36.76%~66.36%,Fragilariopsis kerguelensis在湾外开阔水域占54.33%~70.95%。除趋势对应分析(DCA)显示研究区主要的10种硅藻分为开放水域种组合、近海冰种组合和海冰种组合,其表层沉积硅藻组合分布也分成3个区。作为硅藻极地开放海洋指示种的Fragilariopsis kerguelensis分布在普里兹湾外的深海平原,受湾内冰架水的限制,不能向湾内扩散;作为硅藻海冰指示种的Fragilariopsis curta主要分布在普里兹湾内的陆架上,受南极表层水和海冰的影响较重,在湾外受深水溶解作用而急剧减少;作为硅藻近海冰指示种的Thalassiosira antarctica的出现是受普里兹环流、冰架水和海冰的控制。研究区硅藻的组成和分布反映和验证了区域内环流的分布和扩散极限。     

Snow avalanche susceptibility evaluation in the central Shaluli Mountains of Tibetan Plateau based on machine learning method北大核心CSCD

Snow avalanches,which are widely and frequently developed at high elevations,seriously threatens the built traffic corridors in the Tibetan Plateau. Susceptibility evaluation of snow avalanche via machine learning model with a high forecast accuracy can be appled to quickly and effectively assess the regional avalanche risk. This paper took the central Shaluli Mountain region as the study area,in which the snow avalanche inventory was established through remote sensing interpretation and field investigation verification. We quantitatively extracted 17 evaluation factors via GIS-based analysis,and these factors were selected through the variance expansion factor（VIF）. Four machine learning models containing SVM,DT,MLP and KNN were used to compile the susceptibility index map of snow avalanches,and kappa coefficient and ROC curve were used to verify the accuracy. The results suggested that the susceptibility indexes obtained from SVM,DT,MLP and KNN were in the range of［0,0. 964］,［0,815］,［0,0. 995］and［0,1］,respectively. The accuracy test results show that these four models all have good prediction accuracy. Among them,the SVM model is the best. The results also indicated that the areas with the high snow avalanche susceptibility mainly distributed in Genie Mountain and Rigong Mountain,most of which were above the planation surface of the Tibetan Plateau. The average altitude of the extremely high snow-avalanche-prone areas is 4 939 m,while the average altitude of the high snow avalanche-prone areas is 4 859 m. The snow avalanche has low perniciousness on the Sichuan-Tibet Highway and the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in the study area. This study can provide theoretical basis and method reference for disaster prevention and mitigation of snow avalanche along Sichuan-Tibet Railway and other major projects across Shaluli Mountains region. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

基于改进的经验模态分解和SSA联合算法的GPS坐标时间序列重构

基于ICEEMDAN算法无需先验信息即可准确分离和提取低频信号与趋势信息的特性,以及SSA具有较好的信号重构优势,提出基于ICEEMDAN和SSA的联合重构方法。该方法将弱周期信号利用ICEEMDAN方法进行提取与重构,可弥补SSA方法中当弱周期信号对应的Hankel矩阵的奇异值和噪声Hankel矩阵的奇异值接近时容易被噪声掩盖而难以提取的不足。通过模拟实验和真实站点数据验证该算法分解和重构精度,并与奇异谱分析法、小波分解法、滑动最小二乘法进行比较。实验结果表明,ICEEMDAN-SSA联合算法相对于已有方法具有更好的重构精度。