Mechanism of Phase Lag Between Current Speed and Suspended Sediment: Combined Effect of Erosion,Deposition, and Advection

To retrieve and explain the phase lag between current speed and suspended sediment concentration(SSC), erosion, deposition, and advection were isolated as primary processes of sediment movement in a three-dimensional model. The response time was proved to be one of the reasons for the phase lag, as time is needed for suspension to diffuse from bottom to surface. A fitted Shields diagram was introduced into the model to reflect the relationship between SSC and shear stress, between shear stress and critical shear stress, as well as between SSC and critical shear stress for erosion. It takes some time for shear stress to increase to the critical value after high or low tide, and this was proved to be an important contributor to the phase lag. Overall, the variation of vertically integrated SSC is influenced by erosion mass flux, deposition mass flux, and advection flux. The phase pattern of erosion mass flux is consistent with the pattern of current if there was no wave action. However, phase difference is produced by the influence of deposition mass flux and advection. In this study, SSC peak/trough mostly occurred near the moment erosion mass flux approximately equaled deposition mass flux and would be impacted by advection. The time required for instantaneous variation of suspension to get to 0 after current peak/trough represents the phase lag between current speed and SSC.     

空地一体精细化三维模型构建方法

无人机倾斜摄影测量技术因其成本低、效率高,成为大场景三维重建的首选,而在倾斜摄影三维重建中常常伴随着模型变形、纹理缺失等。本文基于低空倾斜摄影测量技术建设三维数字化校园,针对重建后不同类型地物出现的问题,提出了融合多种建模手段的技术优势通过空地一体、虚实结合来构建精细化三维模型的方法,对低空倾斜摄影三维模型的精细化建模具有重要的参考意义。     

多源影像融合的建筑物三维模型无遮挡纹理自动贴图方法

介绍了倾斜摄影测量在数字城市建设中的应用,针对当前基于倾斜摄影测量的城市三维重建过程中纹理贴图存在遮挡问题,详细探究了纹理遮挡几何原理,并提出联合固定翼飞机高空倾斜摄影及无人机低空倾斜影像,设计了建筑物三维模型无遮挡影像优选算法,实现了高精度无遮挡纹理自动贴图,并通过试验进行了验证。     

MODIS反演多云地区地表反照率的一种新方法及其反演试验

在参考国内外卫星遥感反演地表反照率方法的基础上,提出了一种反演多云地区地表反照率的新方法,称之为组合反演法。对于受云影响而无法获得足够的晴空观测数据的像素点,在遥感地表分类数据和归一化植被指数（NDVI） 数据的辅助下,在其周围的有限范围内选择与其具有相同BRDF形状的像素点,将它们在观测角度上互为补充的晴空观测数据组合成对同一个BRDF形状的一组多角度观测数据,达到一定数量后直接利用线性的RossThick-LiSparse互易核驱动模型反演二向反射分布函数（BRDF）参数。然后,根据“16天”期间平均的当地正午太阳高度角计算反照率。选择青藏高原地区2004年6～8月间5组“16天”的Terra MODIS数据进行的反演试验表明,该方法不仅具有反演多云地区地表反照率的能力,而且能够更好地反映实际的地表信息,反演结果的精度与美国MOD43产品的精度相当。     

一种融合动态预测的感知哈希目标跟踪算法

为实现静态背景下的目标跟踪,采取基于DTC的感知哈希生成算法提取目标感知哈希摘要,比较汉明距离实现模板匹配。针对跟踪效率不足的问题,提出了一种范围与方位融合预测策略,其中范围预测是预测目标出现的范围,缩小模板搜索区域;方位预测在范围预测的基础上寻找一条便捷的搜索路线,将已跟踪得到的坐标要素简化为单一的方位角要素,结合预测模型预测目标方位,挖掘出一种模板匹配终止条件,在适当的深度终止窗口遍历。试验结果证明,范围预测对跟踪效率提升明显,预测范围缩小n倍时算法效率提升约n²倍,方位预测可在范围预测的基础上提升约16%的效率。     

Spatial distribution and deposition history of nonylphenol and bisphenol A in sediments from the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea

Nonylphenol(NP) and bisphenol A(BPA) are endocrine disruptors causing harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis to various organisms,and consequently,their contamination in natural environment has received wide concerns.This study reports the distribution characteristics of NP and BPA in surface sediments and their deposition history based on a dated sediment core in the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea.The contents of NP and BPA in surface sediments ranged from 1.56-35.8 and 0.72-13.2 ng/g(dry mass),respectively,with high values recorded in the two mud zones,the Changjiang River Estuarine Mud Zone and the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone.High values in the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone suggest the possibility of long distance transport of both contaminants through the Changjiang riverine plume.The contents were not correlated with the distance from the pollution source,indicating other factors including particle deposition rate and sediment grain size obviously affecting the distribution pattern.NP was also detected in a sediment core at layers deposited from the year of 1971 to 2001 with contents of up to 20.9 ng/g(dry mass).The deposition fluxes of NP varied from 0.68 to 17.9 ng/(cm2 · a) with peaks and valleys reflecting the traces of economic development history in China during the previous three decades.BPA was detected at sediment layers deposited from 1973 to 2001 with contents of up to 3.66 ng/g.The fluxes of BPA varied from 0.62 to 3.13 ng/(cm2 · a) showing a similar pattern as NP.The contents of NP and BPA also indicated potential risks on benthic organisms in the study area.     

除草剂草丁膦抗性基因bar作为三角褐指藻基因工程选择标记的研究

研究了三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)对氯霉素、卡那霉素、青霉素、链霉素、潮霉素5种抗生素和一种除草剂草丁膦的敏感性,发现三角褐指藻对草丁膦非常敏感,用统计学分析法得出了其72h半致死质量浓度为22mg/L。通过基因枪法将携带草丁膦抗性基因bar的载体pSVB导入三角褐指藻细胞中,通过草丁膦筛选成功获得了抗性藻细胞,PCR检测获得阳性结果,提示草丁膦更适合用于构建安全、高效、廉价的三角褐指藻表达系统。     

黄河清水沟流路大嘴的形成对莱州湾潮流场影响的数值研究

黄河口于1976年改道清水沟流路入海,入海河沙淤进致使莱州湾西岸局部岸线向海推进约21 km,在0,5,10 m等深线处分别向海推进21,17,16 km。按黄河口改道清水沟流路前和改道后的莱州湾岸线和海底地形分别建立模型,计算了黄河口改道前后的莱州湾潮流场。结果表明,黄河大嘴的形成,致使其两侧涨落急计算流速减小了40 cm/s之多,其东侧形成一个东西宽约8 km、南北长6 km的流速增大区,该流速增大区涨落急时刻计算流速较改道前增大30 cm/s以上;莱州湾西部海域计算主流向偏转,偏转量在27°~108°之间;清水沟流路大嘴形成前后,莱州湾东部潮流场变化不明显。     

重力梯度仪辅助惯导导航的误差分析

研究了重力梯度仪辅助惯导的导航误差方程,计算某区域重力异常、垂线偏差和二阶的扰动重力张量,并在此基础上对扰动重力补偿惯导系统误差进行了仿真计算,与无重力梯度仪辅助惯导的误差进行数值比较,结果表明采用重力梯度仪辅助导航之后,扰动重力引起的惯导误差有了明显的改善。     

外来入侵海洋红藻牛岛薄膜藻Haraldiophyllum udoense的形态观察及rbcL基因序列分析

为统计大连海域红藻的物种多样性,在2016年5月至2021年5月进行标本采集时,发现了红叶藻科入侵海藻牛岛薄膜藻Haraldiophyllum udoense M.S.Kim et J.C.Kang,对其形态结构进行了详细的观察,并对rbc L基因序列进行了分析。结果表明:①藻体直立;呈暗红色或红褐色;高7~30 cm,宽6~25 cm;叶片状,薄膜质;藻体除基部和生殖结构外为单层细胞。②rbc L基因序列分析的结果显示本研究的6个样本间无碱基差异,与产自韩国的牛岛薄膜藻无碱基差异。牛岛薄膜藻是在我国海域首次发现的新纪录种,同时薄膜藻属Haraldiophyllum Zinova为我国新纪录属,认为船舶压舱水及海水流动是该种入侵的主要原因。本研究结果将丰富我国红叶藻科海藻的多样性,同时为外来海藻的入侵途径及对当地生态的影响提供新资料。