基于WMM2010地磁模型的微卫星姿态确定

概述了微卫星的特点和发展应用概况,简述了微卫星借助单个磁强计完成三轴姿态确定的原理;并以WMM2010模型为研究对象,介绍了确定卫星姿态的统计性方法;分析了几种不同截断阶数的地磁模型与地磁场真值的差异,指出对于定姿精度要求不高的中低轨道(数百千米)卫星,可将低阶模型作为磁场真值存储在卫星处理器中,有助于提高卫星定姿的实时性。     

当前国际海道测量技术进展

通过参加第18届国际海道测量大会测绘仪器展和对所收集的资料翻译整理,对当前国际海道测量技术进展进行了分析总结。我国海道测量技术水平与国际先进水平还有较大差距;当前国际海道测量、测量装备及软件系统的不断更新、自主式无人机、水下机器人及智能浮标等新技术的广泛应用,极大丰富了海道测量信息,海道测量的服务范围不断扩大,随着海洋开发的加快,北极必将成为世界海道测量下一个热点。     

Study on water saturation computation models in complex pore volcanic reservoir

Determination of water saturation is important for reservoir evaluation.When complex pore structures such as fracture and cavity are present in reservoir,Archie equation is no longer suitable.According to different models of pore structure division,the authors studied water saturation computation models.The results show that dual porosity system is divided into four models.The first model is based on dual laterolog,the second is Dual Porosity Ⅰ,the third is Dual Porosity Ⅱ,and the last one is based on the conductive pore.Besides,the triple porosity system is triple porosity model.Compute water saturation was using all the above five models in volcanic reservoir in Songnan gas field.The triple porosity system is the most suitable model for water saturation computation in complex pore structure volcanic reservoir.     

复用回采巷道护巷煤柱合理宽度研究

为解决高瓦斯工作面双U型巷道布置中煤柱损失大、相邻工作面复用回采巷道维护困难的难题,综合采用理论分析、数值计算和现场试验的方法,研究得到煤柱宽度对相邻两工作面之间煤柱内复用巷道围岩应力分布和变形特征的影响规律：随着巷道一侧煤柱宽度的增加,巷道围岩垂直应力峰值向一侧移动,并逐渐远离巷道;当巷道一侧煤柱较小时,巷道以窄煤柱帮变形和顶板下沉为主,随着煤柱宽度增加,底鼓增大并成为巷道主要变形。以煤柱内应力峰值比值为指标,分析煤柱宽度与巷道稳定性的关系,并将不同宽度煤柱进行了稳定性分区。研究成果成功应用于工程实践,为类似条件下巷道布置提供依据。     

PSI和CRI联合算法用于苏通大桥基础沉降监测

深厚河床覆盖层地基上建设的超大型群桩基础,其沉降是安全监控的关键问题。针对苏通大桥群桩基础沉降监测中存在的问题,在基础沉降监测中综合运用了永久散射体干涉测量（PSI）和人工角反射器干涉测量（CRI）监测技术。结合大桥自身的永久散射体特性和桥位区重点监测部位安装的人工角反射器,利用EV-InSAR软件的CTM模块对该地区2003－2008年（主体工程施工期间）间获取的20景Envisat卫星单视复数据（SLC）进行差分干涉测量处理,利用PSI和CRI联合算法成功提取出了桥位区的永久散射体点,并解算出各永久散射体点在施工过程不同阶段的变形量,客观、全面地反映了苏通大桥在建设过程中基础的沉降。将获取的主墩处的永久散射体沉降量与有限元计算结果进行了对比,两者相对误差为4.64%。研究结果表明,PSI和CRI联合算法是一种极具潜力的大型桥梁地基基础沉降监测技术。随着监测区合成孔径雷达（SAR）数据的不断累积,利用该技术可以不断获取运营中的苏通大桥基础的高精度沉降量。     

山东蒙山第四纪冰川组合遗迹的发现及初步研究

本文介绍了山东蒙山地区南坡保存的丰富而清晰的第四纪冰川遗迹,重点展示了兰溪山谷的冰石河、侧碛堤组合,并对相伴产出的擦痕、磨光面、颤痕等冰川遗迹进行了调查与测量。同时对冰石河、侧碛堤的分布、规模、物质组成、岩石特征进行了介绍。根据侧碛堤的排列位置及砾石的风化程度,初步确定为末次冰期的冰碛遗迹;对山谷两侧磨光面上的擦痕进行了测量统计,显示谷壁磨光面上擦痕的长宽比具有10:1左右的比例规律;根据侧碛最大高度法(MELM),结合对于蒙山侧碛的调查,对蒙山雪线的高度进行了估算,初步估算蒙山南坡末次冰期时的雪线高度约为700 m左右。蒙山地区这些组合冰川遗迹的发现,为中国东部第四纪冰川的研究提供了直接的证据。     

C6H水平井三维轨迹优选与控制技术

渤海北部LD油田在井网加密、油田大规模综合布置新钻调整井时,存在新钻的25口井与老井井网交叉、井眼轨迹立体三维缠绕问题,其中C6H水平井是此类问题的典型,同时C6H井还需要在可钻性极差的馆陶组底砾岩地层定向造斜。针对上述问题,通过C6H井3种轨迹方案对比、分析,优选出最为有利的方案,结合螺杆马达和旋转导向工具性能分析,最后采用螺杆马达 水力震荡器 微偏心稳定器等钻具组合新方式,顺利实施了C6H井。     

Temporal and spatial characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in the Wujiang River,Southwest China

River systems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Rivers transport carbon to the ocean and also affect the carbon cycle in the coastal ocean. The flux from land to the ocean is thought to be a very important part of the land carbon budget. To investigate the effect of dam-building on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rivers, three reservoirs of different trophic states in the Wujiang basin, Guizhou Province, were sampled twice per month between May 2011 and May 2012. Temporal and spatial distributions of DOC in the reservoirs and their released waters were studied. It was found that different factors controlled DOC in river water, reservoir water, and released water. DOC in the rivers tended to be affected by primary production. For reservoirs, the main controlling factors of DOC concentration varied by trophic state. For the mesotrophic Hongjiadu Reservoir, the effect of primary production on DOC concentration was obvious. For the eutrophic Dongfengdu Reservoir and the hypereutrophic Wujiangdu Reservoir, primary production was not significant and DOC came instead from soil and plant litter.     

Effects of river damming on biogenic silica turnover: implications for biogeochemical carbon and nutrient cycles

Rivers link terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and they transport large amounts of substances into oceans each year, including several forms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), and other nutrients. However, river damming affects the water flow and biogeochemical cycles of Si, C, and other nutrients through biogeochemical interacting processes. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of the effects of river damming on the processes of biogeochemical Si cycle, especially the source, composition, and recycling process of biogenic silica (BSi). Then, we introduce dam impacts on the cycles of C and some other nutrients. Dissolved silicon in rivers is mainly released from phytolith dissolution and silicate weathering. BSi in suspended matter or sediments in most rivers mainly consists of phytoliths and mainly originates from soil erosion. However, diatom growth and deposition in many reservoirs formed by river interception may significantly increase the contribution of diatom Si to total BSi, and thus significantly influence the biogeochemical Si, C, and nutrient cycles. Yet the turnover of phytoliths and diatoms in different rivers formed by river damming is still poorly quantified. Thus, they should be further investigated to enhance our understanding about the effects of river damming on global biogeochemical Si, C and nutrient cycles.     

Nitrous oxide (N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O) emissions from a mesotrophic reservoir on the Wujiang River,southwest China

Aquatic ecosystems have been identified as a globally significant source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) due to continuous active nitrogen involvement, but the processes and influencing factors that control N₂O production are still poorly understood, especially in reservoirs. For that, monthly N₂O variations were monitored in Dongfeng reservoir (DFR) with a mesotrophic condition. The dissolved N₂O concentration in DFR displayed a distinct spatial–temporal pattern but lower than that in the eutrophic reservoirs. During the whole sampling year, N₂O saturation ranging from 144% to 640%, indicating that reservoir acted as source of atmospheric N₂O. N₂O production is induced by the introduction of nitrogen (NO₃ ^?, NH₄ ⁺) in mesotrophic reservoirs, and is also affected by oxygen level and water temperature. Nitrification was the predominate process for N₂O production in DFR due to well-oxygenated longitudinal water layers. Mean values of estimated N₂O flux from the air–water interface averaged 0.19 µmol m^?2 h^?1 with a range of 0.01–0.61 µmol m^?2 h^?1. DFR exhibited less N₂O emission flux than that reported in a nearby eutrophic reservoir, but still acted as a moderate N₂O source compared with other reservoirs and lakes worldwide. Annual emissions from the water–air interface of DFR were estimated to be 0.32 × 10⁵ mol N–N₂O, while N₂O degassing from releasing water behind the dam during power generation was nearly five times greater. Hence, N₂O degassing behind the dam should be taken into account for estimation of N₂O emissions from artificial reservoirs, an omission that historically has probably resulted in underestimates. IPCC methodology should consider more specifically N₂O emission estimation in aquatic ecosystems, especially in reservoirs, the default EF5 model will lead to an overestimation.