西藏松多地区晚白垩世末期弧岩浆岩岩石成因及构造意义

新特提斯洋在晚白垩世末期(68Ma左右)的构造演化一直饱受争议。西藏松多地区晚白垩世末期弧岩浆岩包括花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩。锆石定年结果显示,二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩年龄均为68Ma。松多花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩的Si O_2含量为68.5%~80.6%,K_2O含量为4.1%~6.5%,P2O5含量为0.011%~0.058%。花岗斑岩Mg#值较低,为11.3~19.0,二长花岗岩Mg~#值为24.2~43.5。花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩样品均显示轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损和明显的Eu(δEu=0.15~1.21)负异常。两者均富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti。花岗斑岩εHf(t)值为-0.9~+2.9,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM)~C在955~1196Ma之间;二长花岗岩εHf(t)值为-17.1~+7.9(只有1个点为负值),二阶段模式年龄在633~2219Ma之间。最终认为,松多地区晚白垩世末期二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩岩浆源区为新生下地壳,但花岗斑岩更靠近古老下地壳。结合区域资料,认为新特提斯洋在晚白垩世末期68Ma左右属于洋脊俯冲结束阶段。     

面向对象的绿地信息提取

绿地与人们的生产、生活密切相关,绿地是城市的净化器,发挥着保持水土、涵养水源、调节自然界生态平衡等重要作用.本文主要讨论了面向对象的分类技术,研究了多尺度影像分割和基于高分辨率影像的信息提取方法,在实验的基础上与传统的基于像元统计方法的信息提取结果进行了比较.结果表明,面向对象的信息提取方法在高分辨率遥感影像绿地信息提取中具有明显优势,可大大提高分类效率和精度.     

基于Python的ArcGIS地理数据批处理

ArcGIS地理处理工具一般只针对单个数据集执行,而运用Python脚本语言可以实现地理数据的批处理。本文以原始DEM影像插值生成特定空间分辨率的DEM影像为例,给出数据批处理的具体实现过程。     

三维激光扫描技术在变形监测中的应用

随着激光扫描硬件设备的升级优化,三维激光扫描仪与其他设备更加易于集成,数据采集简单迅速,可实时处理点云数据,快速构建三维模型.与传统变形监测方法相比,将三维模型用于变形监测更加全面,自动化、智能化强度高,实时性好,且精度高.本文简单介绍了三维激光扫描系统的国内外研究现状、工作原理和分类,与传统变形监测方法作了比较,详细分析了三维激光扫描系统在变形监测中的应用.     

Quaternary Sporopollen Records and Environmental Evolution in the Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin

正Since the Quaternary,very thick lacustrine sediments have been deposited in Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin.Based on a study of high-resolution sporopollen analysis on the Dalangtan ZK06 drilling,and paleomagnetic dating     

Discovery and Significance of Malan Loess on the Piedmont Plain in Pinggu District,Beijing

The platforms on both sides of the Malangou River （a lateral ditch of the Qingshui River that is a tributary of the Yongding River） where Malan Village in Zhaitang Town of Mentougou District of Beijing is located are the place of China＇s typical section of the Quaternary Malan loess. During the investigation in the eastern suburbs of Beijing City, the authors not only clarified 5 grades of terraces on the Pinggu piedmont plain, but also found a clayey silt section mixed with a small amount of alluvial-diluvial gravel layers at a height of 15-25 m above the river level near a Fishpond in Xinli Village of Nandule Town. Results of the study of grain size of the section document that the loess mostly is silty soil （0.05--0.005 mm）, and that the grain size probability cumulative curves of the section are dominated by single-peak, coarse-grained segment I and coarse-grained segment II types, reflecting that its depositional environment is similar to eolian phase. Identification results of heavy minerals from the section show that their contents account for 0.01%-0.11%, averaging 0.04%. There are 24 kinds of heavy minerals, most of which are stable heavy minerals, and the clay minerals mostly are illite, which is consistent with the Malan loess on the Loess Plateau. The chemical composition data reflect that the source area of the loess is relatively arid. The six grade classification of sporopollen in the section further shows the subdivision of the history of alternating warm and humid phases in this geological period. The thermoluminescence dating results range from 21.0 ka to 59.2 ka, convincingly demonstrating that the section indeed consists of Malan loess. The above studies provide a new basis for overall understanding of the distribution of the Malan loess at the northeast margin of the North China Plain and its environment change in the Late Pleistocene.     

批量地籍图入库程序设计方法

本文根据作者在工作期间所参与的吉林省地籍图数据入库建设工程项目,介绍了地籍图数据建库的基本思路及作者所编写的地籍图入库程序的设计方法及其功能,使用方法和所解决的实际问题等。     

Anthropogenic origin of a change in the fire-climate relationship in northern China after ~2000 yr BP: Evidence from a 15,500-year black carbon record from Dali Lake

There are debates regarding whether a wet and warm climate or a dry and cold climate dominated Holocene fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale, and when human activities overtook climate change as the dominant control on fire occurrence in the region. Here we present a high-resolution fire history for the past ~15,500 years from a sediment core in Dali Lake, located in the foothills of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, one of the areas of highest fire risk in China. The results demonstrate that fire activity was rare during the last deglaciation (~15,500-11,700 yr BP), gradually increased at the beginning of the Holocene, and reached its highest level during ~9000-5000 yr BP, after which there was a decreasing trend. However, after ~2000 yr BP this decreasing trend ended, and the most prominent feature is a peak in fire activity during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). Overall, fire activity corresponded well to changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation on the millennial timescale during ~15,500-2000 yr BP, but this relationship changed after ~2000 yr BP. We propose that fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale during ~15,500-2000 yr BP was dominated by the biofuels reserve under the control of the EASM precipitation. In contrast, with the intensification of human activities after ~2000 yr BP, human activity caused a ~62%-73% increase in fire activity, which altered the fire-climate relationship that had previously prevailed in northern China. Our results indicate that a wet-warm climate (increased EASM intensity), rather than a dry-cold climate, was the dominant control on fire activity in northern China during 15,500-2000 yr BP on the millennial timescale, but that human activities played an important role in fire occurrence after ~2000 yr BP.     

辽宁区域性大暴雨成因分析及多模式数值预报空间检验

利用三源融合格点降水实况、加密自动站观测资料、雷达基本反射率因子、高分辨率数值预报产品及FNL再分析资料, 对2020年汛期辽宁地区12次区域性暴雨过程进行天气系统分型检验表明, 气旋型暴雨模式的可预报性较低。选取2021年7月12—14日辽宁地区典型气旋型暴雨过程进一步分析, 采用面向对象目标的空间检验方法SAL, 结合传统检验方法, 从结构、强度和位置三个方面定量分析不同模式预报偏差的原因。结果表明: 暴雨落区集中且呈双雨带分布, 局地雨强大, 辽宁东、西部降水成因不同。CMA区域模式较全球模式暴雨TS评分高; SAL空间检验表明, CMA区域模式对于雨带内部结构把握较好, 全球模式结构误差主要来源于降水极值预报不足; 强度检验表明, CMA-MESO3km强度接近实况, EC_THIN次之, CMA_GFS的降水强度预报较差; 各模式暴雨落区基本可信, CMA-MESO3km最优, 暴雨落区的误差主要由于模式预报降水过程主体重心与实况的偏差较大所致。