Quaternary Sporopollen Records and Environmental Evolution in the Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin

正Since the Quaternary,very thick lacustrine sediments have been deposited in Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin.Based on a study of high-resolution sporopollen analysis on the Dalangtan ZK06 drilling,and paleomagnetic dating     

Discovery and Significance of Malan Loess on the Piedmont Plain in Pinggu District,Beijing

The platforms on both sides of the Malangou River （a lateral ditch of the Qingshui River that is a tributary of the Yongding River） where Malan Village in Zhaitang Town of Mentougou District of Beijing is located are the place of China＇s typical section of the Quaternary Malan loess. During the investigation in the eastern suburbs of Beijing City, the authors not only clarified 5 grades of terraces on the Pinggu piedmont plain, but also found a clayey silt section mixed with a small amount of alluvial-diluvial gravel layers at a height of 15-25 m above the river level near a Fishpond in Xinli Village of Nandule Town. Results of the study of grain size of the section document that the loess mostly is silty soil （0.05--0.005 mm）, and that the grain size probability cumulative curves of the section are dominated by single-peak, coarse-grained segment I and coarse-grained segment II types, reflecting that its depositional environment is similar to eolian phase. Identification results of heavy minerals from the section show that their contents account for 0.01%-0.11%, averaging 0.04%. There are 24 kinds of heavy minerals, most of which are stable heavy minerals, and the clay minerals mostly are illite, which is consistent with the Malan loess on the Loess Plateau. The chemical composition data reflect that the source area of the loess is relatively arid. The six grade classification of sporopollen in the section further shows the subdivision of the history of alternating warm and humid phases in this geological period. The thermoluminescence dating results range from 21.0 ka to 59.2 ka, convincingly demonstrating that the section indeed consists of Malan loess. The above studies provide a new basis for overall understanding of the distribution of the Malan loess at the northeast margin of the North China Plain and its environment change in the Late Pleistocene.     

批量地籍图入库程序设计方法

本文根据作者在工作期间所参与的吉林省地籍图数据入库建设工程项目,介绍了地籍图数据建库的基本思路及作者所编写的地籍图入库程序的设计方法及其功能,使用方法和所解决的实际问题等。     

2个重组海带α-碳酸酐酶(CA)的酶活性比较研究

为了探究海带(Saccharina japonica)α-CA1和α-CA2是否具有催化CO₂的可逆水合反应和酯酶活性,作者通过原核表达得到这两种α-CA的可溶性的异源重组蛋白。分别用电极法和酯酶活性检测法来检测重组α-CA1(rα-CA1)和rα-CA2的水合酶活性和酯酶活性,结果发现,rα-CA1的水合酶活性(1.52±0.120 U/mg)几乎是rα-CA2(0.54±0.046 U/mg)的3倍,表明rα-CA1催化CO₂的水合能力明显大于rα-CA2。而两者的酯酶活性并没有显著的差别(rα-CA1比活力:0.697±0.176 U/g,rα-CA2比活力:0.743±0.129 U/g),说明催化乙酸对硝基苯酯(p-NPA)生成对硝基苯酚(p-NP)的能力是没有显著差别的。实验结果证实这2个α-CA为功能蛋白,可能参与海带无机碳吸收和储存过程,因此,本研究为海带无机碳吸收和储存机制的解析提供了生物化学依据。     

黄河流域兰州段生态环境与高质量发展耦合协调关系研究

环境保护作为新常态时代下我国推进生态流域文明体系建设的关键环节,推进黄河流域地区生态环境治理已成为生态文明建设的重要内容。通过选取我国黄河流域唯一被干流贯通的省会城市兰州市为研究对象,根据2010—2019年黄河流域兰州段统计资料,构建了黄河流域兰州段生态环境及高质量发展水平评价指标体系,并利用熵权法构建耦合度模型,全面解析和综合评估了生态环境与高质量发展的耦合水平特征。结果表明：黄河流域兰州段生态环境水平并不高,呈“恶化-好转-恶化-好转”的态势,而高质量发展水平呈“降-升-降-升-降-升”的波动态势。总体来看,兰州市生态环境与高质量发展协调性有待加强,应充分考虑黄河流域整体性特征,坚持生态保护优先原则,同步推进产业的专业化整合与转型升级,提升城市综合治理能力,在城乡融合发展基础上优化城市功能结构布局,最终实现人居生态环境可持续发展。     

Anthropogenic origin of a change in the fire-climate relationship in northern China after ~2000 yr BP: Evidence from a 15,500-year black carbon record from Dali Lake

There are debates regarding whether a wet and warm climate or a dry and cold climate dominated Holocene fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale, and when human activities overtook climate change as the dominant control on fire occurrence in the region. Here we present a high-resolution fire history for the past ~15,500 years from a sediment core in Dali Lake, located in the foothills of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, one of the areas of highest fire risk in China. The results demonstrate that fire activity was rare during the last deglaciation (~15,500-11,700 yr BP), gradually increased at the beginning of the Holocene, and reached its highest level during ~9000-5000 yr BP, after which there was a decreasing trend. However, after ~2000 yr BP this decreasing trend ended, and the most prominent feature is a peak in fire activity during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). Overall, fire activity corresponded well to changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation on the millennial timescale during ~15,500-2000 yr BP, but this relationship changed after ~2000 yr BP. We propose that fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale during ~15,500-2000 yr BP was dominated by the biofuels reserve under the control of the EASM precipitation. In contrast, with the intensification of human activities after ~2000 yr BP, human activity caused a ~62%-73% increase in fire activity, which altered the fire-climate relationship that had previously prevailed in northern China. Our results indicate that a wet-warm climate (increased EASM intensity), rather than a dry-cold climate, was the dominant control on fire activity in northern China during 15,500-2000 yr BP on the millennial timescale, but that human activities played an important role in fire occurrence after ~2000 yr BP.     

亚洲东部冬季地面温度变化与平流层弱极涡的关系

利用NCEP资料计算NAM指数和标准化温度距平,对17次平流层弱极涡事件时亚洲东部温度变化进行了研究。结果表明:平流层环流异常比对流层温度变化超前约15天,地面温度变化的最大距平出现在平流层弱极涡后期,大约以40°N为界,北部比正常年份偏冷而南部偏暖。文中通过位势涡度的分布和变化以及500 hPa东亚大槽的变化讨论了其影响过程和机理,在弱极涡初期和中期,自平流层向下,高位涡冷空气主要局限于60°N以北。从弱极涡的后期开始,在45°N以北地区,高位涡冷空气向南扩张,在对流层中上层,极地附近的高位涡冷空气扩张到45°N附近。同时,500 hPa东亚大槽虽有加强,但低压区向东延伸,而贝加尔湖附近的高压脊显著减弱,致使槽后的偏北气流减弱,槽后冷空气主要影响中国华北、东北及其以北地区,造成这些地区偏冷。而40°N以南地区,从弱极涡的后期开始有南方低位涡偏暖空气向北运动,同时冷空气活动减少,地面显著偏暖。     

辽宁区域性大暴雨成因分析及多模式数值预报空间检验

利用三源融合格点降水实况、加密自动站观测资料、雷达基本反射率因子、高分辨率数值预报产品及FNL再分析资料, 对2020年汛期辽宁地区12次区域性暴雨过程进行天气系统分型检验表明, 气旋型暴雨模式的可预报性较低。选取2021年7月12—14日辽宁地区典型气旋型暴雨过程进一步分析, 采用面向对象目标的空间检验方法SAL, 结合传统检验方法, 从结构、强度和位置三个方面定量分析不同模式预报偏差的原因。结果表明: 暴雨落区集中且呈双雨带分布, 局地雨强大, 辽宁东、西部降水成因不同。CMA区域模式较全球模式暴雨TS评分高; SAL空间检验表明, CMA区域模式对于雨带内部结构把握较好, 全球模式结构误差主要来源于降水极值预报不足; 强度检验表明, CMA-MESO3km强度接近实况, EC_THIN次之, CMA_GFS的降水强度预报较差; 各模式暴雨落区基本可信, CMA-MESO3km最优, 暴雨落区的误差主要由于模式预报降水过程主体重心与实况的偏差较大所致。     

Comparison of PM2.5 and CO2 Concentrations in Large Cities of China during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Estimating the impacts on PM_2.5pollution and CO₂emissions by human activities in different urban regions is important for developing efficient policies.In early 2020,China implemented a lockdown policy to contain the spread of COVID-19,resulting in a significant reduction of human activities.This event presents a convenient opportunity to study the impact of human activities in the transportation and industrial sectors on air pollution.Here,we investigate the variations in air quality attributed to the COVID-19 lockdown policy in the megacities of China by combining in-situ environmental and meteorological datasets,the Suomi-NPP/VIIRS and the CO₂emissions from the Carbon Monitor project.Our study shows that PM_2.5concentrations in the spring of 2020 decreased by 41.87%in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)and 43.30%in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),respectively,owing to the significant shutdown of traffic and manufacturing industries.However,PM_2.5concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region only decreased by 2.01%because the energy and steel industries were not fully paused.In addition,unfavorable weather conditions contributed to further increases in the PM_2.5concentration.Furthermore,CO₂concentrations were not significantly affected in China during the short-term emission reduction,despite a 19.52%reduction in CO₂emissions compared to the same period in 2019.Our results suggest that concerted efforts from different emission sectors and effective long-term emission reduction strategies are necessary to control air pollution and CO₂emissions.     

High-resolution Projection Dataset of Agroclimatic Indicators over Central Asia

To understand the potential impacts of projected climate change on the vulnerable agriculture in Central Asia (CA), six agroclimatic indicators are calculated based on the 9-km-resolution dynamical downscaled results of three different global climate models from Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and their changes in the near-term future (2031–50) are assessed relative to the reference period (1986–2005). The quantile mapping (QM) method is applied to correct the model data before calculating the indicators. Results show the QM method largely reduces the biases in all the indicators. Growing season length (GSL, day), summer days (SU, day), warm spell duration index (WSDI, day), and tropical nights (TR, day) are projected to significantly increase over CA, and frost days (FD, day) are projected to decrease. However, changes in biologically effective degree days (BEDD, °C) are spatially heterogeneous. The high-resolution projection dataset of agroclimatic indicators over CA can serve as a scientific basis for assessing the future risks to local agriculture from climate change and will be beneficial in planning adaption and mitigation actions for food security in this region.